Rebel Yell

  death of, 557–58

  early war strategy of, 59, 69

  1860 election of, 22, 27, 199

  1860 inaugural address of, 22

  1864 reelection of, 572

  Emancipation Proclamation by, 385, 480–81, 490

  First Manassas Battle and, 98

  Frémont’s relationship with, 168

  Front Royal reaction of, 288–89

  Hooker’s appeal to, 465

  Hooker’s appointment by, 504

  Jackson’s recognition by, 558

  Kernstown reaction of, 228

  Lee’s command offer from, 58

  McClellan’s dealings with, 165, 166, 202, 203, 205, 228, 289, 291, 300, 340, 351, 370, 438, 440, 441, 446, 455, 489–91

  at McClellan’s Grand Review, 161, 162

  McClellan’s Second Manassas orders from, 438, 440, 441

  McDowell’s march before, 71

  McDowell’s May 1862 meeting with, 277, 278, 287–88

  Maryland’s treatment by, 453

  Meade’s appointment by, 573

  Northern critics of, 450, 490, 502

  Pope’s appointment by, 395, 397

  post–First Manassas military strengthening by, 99

  in Seven Days aftermath, 385–86, 395, 397

  Shields’s relationship with, 205–6

  slavery position of, 20, 22, 168, 238, 383, 384, 385, 480–81

  total war strategy of, 397

  valley campaign strategy of, 7, 243, 299–301, 305–9, 312, 313, 326

  Washington escape plan for, 446

  Little Sorrel, 43–44, 55, 88, 184, 234, 294, 374, 389, 407, 449, 479, 486, 518, 541, 548, 574–75

  Longstreet, James:

  in Antietam Battle, 474, 476, 477, 479

  Chancellorsville absence of, 530, 532, 545

  desertion complaints of, 408

  fame of, 448

  at First Manassas Battle, 76, 94

  in Fredericksburg Battle, 494, 496, 497, 500, 501, 502

  at Jackson’s funeral, 555

  Jackson’s relationship with, 334, 337

  Johnston’s relationship with, 47, 175

  Lee’s promotion of, 393, 489

  Lee’s relationship with, 337, 437, 448

  in Maryland march, 451

  Mexican-American War service of, 104

  personality of, 527

  post-Antietam position of, 490, 491

  postwar criticism of, 571, 572

  postwar life of, 571

  in pre-Antietam planning, 453, 455

  pre-Sharpsburg movements of, 454, 456

  in Richmond defense planning, 336–37

  at Second Manassas Battle, 422, 424, 434, 435, 436, 437, 441, 442, 443, 444, 573

  in Second Manassas flanking maneuver, 414, 416, 417, 418

  in Second Manassas planning, 410, 411, 413

  in Seven Days campaign, 356, 364, 366, 368, 371, 375, 376, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381

  Union army’s misplaced concerns about, 308, 323

  valley campaign’s assessment by, 334

  in winter 1862–1863, 512

  winter 1863 movement of, 521

  Lookout Mountain, Battle of, 573

  Loring, William W., 178, 179, 180, 181, 184–85, 186, 187, 189, 190–91, 260–61, 387

  Louisiana Purchase, 21

  Louis-Napoléon, Emperor of France, 450

  Louisville Courier-Journal, 97

  Luckett, John, 535

  Luray Valley:

  Army of the Valley’s movements in, 242, 243, 246, 271, 272, 273, 278, 279, 280, 313

  bridges in, 313, 315, 316

  Front Royal’s approach through, 271, 273, 278

  see also Port Republic, Va.

  Lyle, John, 34, 87, 217, 236, 438

  Lynchburg, Va., Jackson mourned in, 561

  Lynchburg Virginian, 256

  McCabe, James, 128

  McClellan, Elizabeth Steinmetz Brinton, 342, 347

  McClellan, George B.:

  after Antietam, 489–91

  ambition of, 165, 439

  in Antietam Battle, 462, 464, 465, 468, 469, 472, 474, 475, 476, 477, 478, 479

  Army of the Potomac appointment of, 99, 164

  Army of the Potomac splitting by, 352

  Army of the Potomac training by, 164, 194–95

  in Ball’s Bluff fiasco, 167, 168

  Banks’s Shenandoah Valley redeployment by, 228, 240

  Civil War vision of, 164, 384–85, 397

  command style of, 340, 369, 374

  early August 1862 redeployment of, 397, 399, 410, 413, 414, 418, 430, 438

  early summer 1861 western Virginia movements of, 53, 57, 68

  education of, 127, 163, 342–43, 345, 347

  enemy strength assessments by, 166, 167, 196, 202–3, 205, 228, 289, 353, 354, 356, 361, 369, 397, 439, 456, 460, 462, 479

  Gaines’s Mill telegram of, 369–70

  Grand Review of, 161–62

  Hooker’s relationship with, 466

  Jackson’s relationship with, 99, 345

  Lincoln’s dealings with, 165, 166, 202, 203, 205, 228, 289, 291, 300, 340, 351, 370, 438, 440, 441, 446, 455, 489–91

  Mary Lee’s treatment by, 351

  Mexican-American War service of, 56, 104, 163, 345

  military cautiousness of, 165–67, 191, 202, 203, 228, 277, 300, 320, 340, 351, 353, 356–57, 361, 366, 374, 415, 438, 439, 453, 462, 464, 466, 477, 478, 489–90

  Northern reputation of, 110, 164, 166, 340

  in peninsula campaign, 7, 205, 244, 277, 278, 340, 438, 466

  personality of, 163, 164, 165, 199, 340, 343, 345, 347

  Pope’s reinforcement by, 397, 410–11, 413, 418, 430, 438, 440, 441

  post–Second Manassas reappointment of, 446

  postwar life of, 572

  pre-Antietam intelligence obtained by, 455, 459

  pre-Antietam movements of, 453, 454, 456–58

  pre–Civil War career of, 162–63

  presidential bid of, 441, 572

  Richmond attack plans of, 2, 3, 7, 8, 202, 203, 204, 207, 212, 228, 234, 244, 256, 268, 274, 277, 289, 290, 300, 320, 326, 331, 335, 338, 339, 340, 348, 349, 351, 353, 354, 361–62, 379, 384–85, 397; see also peninsula campaign; Seven Days campaign

  Scott’s relationship with, 164, 165, 166

  Second Manassas absence of, 438–41, 446

  in Seven Days aftermath, 384–85, 386, 397

  in Seven Days campaign, 351, 352, 353, 356–57, 358, 361–62, 363, 364, 366, 368–70, 371, 372, 374, 375, 381, 382

  slavery position of, 481

  Southern sympathies of, 345, 384, 395, 396

  straggling complaints of, 452

  McClellan, Nelly, 164, 165, 303, 354, 439, 479, 490

  McDonald, Cornelia, 201

  McDowell, Battle of, 251–56, 257, 331

  casualties in, 254, 255–56, 257, 304

  Jackson’s destruction of mountain passes on, 306

  Jackson’s plan for, 252

  Jackson’s strategic victory in, 255, 256

  troop movements following, 256, 266, 267, 268

  Union retreat following, 256, 266

  McDowell, Irvin, 57–58

  Army of the Valley’s strength assessment by, 308

  Army of Virginia appointment of, 394

  Banks’s blame of, 272

  Banks’s reinforcement by, 289, 300

  First Manassas flanking march of, 74, 75, 80–81, 83, 87–88, 166

  First Manassas gains by, 85, 88

  First Manassas mistakes of, 88, 93, 98, 232

  First Manassas retreat of, 93–94

  First Manassas troop positioning by, 71–72

  Front Royal’s retaking by, 302, 304, 305, 308

  Jackson’s deception of, 250

  Jackson’s Port Republic Battle complaint to, 326

  Lincoln’s May 1862 visit to, 277, 278, 287–88

  mid-July 1861 Virginia position of, 56, 60, 62, 66, 68

  post–First Manassas
reputation of, 110

  postwar life of, 573

  pre–First Manassas concerns of, 69

  pre–Second Manassas position of, 416

  Rappahannock command of, 228, 239, 243, 244, 267, 268, 272, 277, 278

  at Second Manassas Battle, 423, 424, 427, 429, 435, 436–37, 443, 446

  McDowell, Va., Union seizure of, 245

  McFarland, Francis, 189

  McGuire, Hunter, 43, 94, 185, 202, 334, 378, 382, 387, 392, 398, 413, 437, 438, 473, 503, 511, 541, 542, 543, 544, 546, 547, 549, 550, 551, 555, 567

  McIntosh, David Gregg, 537

  McKim, Randolph H., 310

  McLaws, Lafayette, 454, 456, 457, 458, 460, 469, 471, 522, 525, 526, 530, 539, 545

  McLean, Wilmer, 66

  Magruder, John B., 34, 56, 105, 106, 107–8, 352, 356, 357, 369, 371, 372, 373, 375, 376, 379, 381, 382, 393

  Mahan, Dennis Hart, 343

  malaria, 387

  Malvern Hill, Battle of, 378–82

  aftermath of, 384, 386

  Malvern Hill, Va., Union retreat to, 376

  Manassas, First Battle of, 65–94

  aftermath of, 97–109, 110, 166, 167, 340, 388

  Anna’s visit following, 175

  armies inexperienced in, 67, 69, 74, 93

  artillery disparities in, 232, 233

  Beauregard’s initial plan for, 66–67, 68, 100

  Beauregard’s official report on, 100–101

  Beauregard’s revised plan for, 74–76, 78, 79

  casualties in, 82, 83, 84, 88, 91, 92, 93, 97

  Confederate army’s position after, 162, 170, 172, 174, 193, 201, 202, 203, 207

  Confederate defensive line in, 68–69, 71, 72, 74, 77, 78, 79–80, 93

  Confederate strategy in, 60, 62–63, 68, 72, 166

  Davis’s appearance at, 94, 171, 387

  Henry Hill fight in, 83, 84–93, 98, 100, 103, 175

  Jackson’s nicknaming during, 4, 90, 103

  Jackson’s orders to join, 63–64, 66, 67

  Jackson’s renown after, 6, 73, 100–103, 110, 298, 331

  Jackson’s tactical decisions in, 80, 85, 86–87, 89

  Jackson’s troop movements prior to, 60, 62, 63, 64, 65–66

  Jackson’s wounding at, 89, 92, 94

  McDowell’s reluctance prior to, 69

  Matthews Hill fight in, 81–83, 85, 86

  rebel yell’s creation at, 91–92

  turning point in, 90

  Union army’s flanking march in, 73–74, 75, 78, 80–81, 83, 87–88, 166

  Union army’s retreat from, 93–94, 98, 162

  Union reconnaissance prior to, 69

  Union’s final Chinn Ridge attack in, 93, 100

  Union’s opening artillery fire at, 75–76, 77

  Union spectators at, 71, 72, 94

  Union’s strategic blunder prior to, 60–63

  Union strategy in, 60, 61, 62, 63

  Union troop positioning prior to, 71–72

  see also Bull Run

  Manassas, Second Battle of, 193, 410–22, 423–46, 473, 560, 573

  aftermath of, 445–46, 448–51

  army positions prior to, 410, 411, 413, 415–16, 418, 421, 422

  casualties in, 418, 420, 429, 432, 433, 434, 437, 445

  Chinn Ridge fight in, 444

  Groveton shoot-out in, 428–30, 440

  Henry Hill fight in, 444

  Jackson’s defensive positions in, 422, 424, 427, 431–34, 435, 437, 442

  Jackson’s flanking march prior to, 413–18, 449, 527

  Lee’s communication methods in, 414

  Lee’s plans in, 410–11, 413–14, 416, 417, 429–30, 431, 432, 434–35, 436, 437, 442, 443–44, 445, 448

  Longstreet’s advance in, 444

  Longstreet’s position in, 434, 435, 436, 437, 441, 442, 443, 573

  McClellan’s absence from, 438–41, 446

  Pope’s final attack in, 442–45

  Pope’s mistakes in, 416, 424, 430, 431, 434, 435–36, 437, 441–42, 573, 574

  Pope’s plans in, 418, 423–24, 430, 431, 432, 435–36

  Union court-martial after, 435, 573, 574

  Union retreat from, 443, 444, 445, 446, 448

  Manassas Gap Railroad, 64, 66, 288

  Manassas Junction, Va.:

  Beauregard’s mid-July 1861 position at, 56

  Bull Run’s course through, 69

  Confederate fortification of, 66

  1st Virginia Brigade’s July 1861 transfer to, 64, 65–66

  Jackson’s supply depot capture at, 417–18, 419–22, 423, 439

  McDowell’s July 1861 march to, 62

  strategic importance of, 66

  Mansfield, Joseph, 469, 470

  Marsh, John C., 226

  Marshall, Charles, 568

  Martinsburg, Va.:

  Confederate July 1861 retreat to, 52

  Union garrison at, 453, 454

  Union summer 1861 occupation of, 53, 61

  Maryland:

  Banks’s retreat to, 297

  Jackson’s tactical view of, 44–45

  Lee’s invasion of, 447, 451–53, 573; see also Antietam, Battle of

  political status of, 44, 452–53

  Union army’s July 1861 retreat to, 62

  “Maryland, My Maryland,” 452, 513

  Mary (slave), 238

  Massie, James, 38

  Maury, Dabney, 211, 342, 344, 345

  Meade, George, 104, 353, 498, 499, 500, 520, 525, 526, 528, 538, 573

  Mechanicsville, Battle of, 357–61, 363, 399

  Meigs, Montgomery, 509

  Mexican-American War, 57, 60, 80, 103–9, 172, 179, 182, 185, 206, 212, 247, 251, 343, 394

  Beauregard’s service in, 56, 104

  Davis’s service in, 3, 171

  Grant’s service in, 103, 104, 179, 229

  Jackson’s service in, 16, 29, 33, 34, 36, 80, 104–9, 117, 121, 130, 143, 345, 404

  Johnston’s service in, 48, 104

  Lee’s service in, 3, 36, 56, 104, 337

  McClellan’s service in, 56, 104, 163, 345

  outcome of, 21

  Scott’s service in, 16, 36, 56, 58, 104, 106, 108, 109, 173, 337

  weaponry used in, 229, 232

  Mexican Cession, 21

  Mexico City, Battle of, 106–9

  Middletown, Va., Banks and Jackson’s clash near, 285

  Miles, Dixon, 454, 457, 458, 459

  Miller, James A., 178

  Mill Springs, Battle of, 194

  Milroy, Robert H., 245, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 266, 267, 271, 279, 320

  Mine Run, Battle of, 572–73

  Minié, Claude-Étienne, 229, 230

  minié balls, 222, 226, 229–30, 231–32

  Mississippi River, 277

  Missouri, Frémont’s martial law declaration in, 168

  Missouri Compromise of 1820, 21

  Mitchell, Barton, 454

  Monroe, James, 493

  Montcalm, Marquis de, 145

  Morrison, Joseph, 398, 540, 544, 546, 547, 549, 555, 568–69

  Morrison, Mary Graham, 152

  Morrison, Robert Hall, 152, 570

  Morrison, S. B., 548, 549

  Mosby, John S., 472, 558

  Moss Neck, 508, 509–10, 511

  Mount Jackson:

  Army of the Valley’s camp near, 240, 241–42

  Ashby’s fight at, 262

  Banks’s approach of, 241, 242

  Munford, Thomas, 267, 322–23, 375–77, 380, 531, 532, 535

  muskets:

  rifled, 195, 218, 230, 231, 232, 233, 254, 357, 451

  smoothbore, 195, 200, 218, 229, 231, 232, 233, 254, 451

  Napoléon, Emperor of France, 229, 230, 232, 332, 455

  Nashville, Tenn., surrender of, 194, 195

  Neff, John, 292

  New Market, Battle of, 575

  New Orleans, La., Confederate loss of, 7, 277

  New York, N.Y.:

  Lincoln’s funeral cortege
in, 557

  Union arsenal’s transfer to, 445

  New York Times, 98–99, 332, 389, 459, 502

  New York Tribune, 59, 203, 502

  Norfolk, Va., Confederate evacuation of, 277

  North:

  abolitionism in, 20, 25, 26, 27, 31, 384, 385–86, 447

  Antietam’s perception in, 480

  Beauregard’s invasion proposals for, 68, 173

  Civil War advantages of, 99

  Civil War anticipated in, 55–56, 59

  Civil War debate in, 447, 450

  Confederacy’s perception in, 237

  Fredericksburg reaction in, 502

  horses’ use in, 209, 210

  Jackson’s invasion plan for, 172–74, 303, 336, 338, 388, 396, 448

  Jackson mourned in, 558–60

  Jackson’s reputation in, 8, 24, 288, 289, 299, 300, 301, 308, 312, 319, 332–33, 334, 339, 356, 361, 369, 389–90, 405, 407, 449, 459, 460, 558–60

  late 1861 morale in, 168–69

  Lee’s invasion plans for, 46, 336, 411, 447–48, 573; see also Antietam, Battle of; Gettysburg, Battle of; Maryland, Lee’s invasion of

  Lincoln’s critics in, 450, 490, 502

  McClellan’s reputation in, 110, 164, 166, 340

  press in, 4, 55, 56, 58, 59, 98–99, 164, 166, 202, 203, 332, 348, 353, 480, 489, 490, 502, 504

  Richmond’s anticipated fall in, 4, 348

  slavery debate’s implications for, 21

  view of slavery in, 155, 237–38, 383–84, 447, 481, 559

  War Department’s railroad seizure in, 300

  see also Union

  North Anna, Battle of, 572

  North Carolina, Confederate coastal defenses in, 203

  Noyes, George F., 474

  Oak Grove, Battle of, 353–54

  Orange and Alexandria Railroad, 66, 393, 413, 418, 534, 560

  Oregon Territory, 21

  Palfrey, Francis W., 470

  Palmerston, Lord, 450

  Parrott guns, 88, 213, 218, 280, 292, 380

  Patterson, Robert, 49, 50, 53, 56, 60–63, 68, 72

  Patton, John M., 179, 221

  Paxton, E. F., 568

  Paxton, Frank “Bull,” 548

  Pegram, J. H., 567

  Pelham, John, 498

  Pemberton, John C., 191

  Pender, Dorsey, 542

  Pendleton, Alexander S. “Sandie,” 43, 180, 216, 219, 220, 226, 264, 296, 298, 304, 317, 378, 392, 510, 511, 543, 544, 550, 553, 554, 555, 566, 567, 568

  Pendleton, William Nelson, 43, 49, 175, 180, 509, 554, 571

  peninsula campaign:

  Confederate opposition in, 278

  Hooker’s promotion in, 466

  Lincoln’s opinion of, 203

  McClellan’s preparation for, 205

  McClellan’s progress in, 244, 277, 340

  McClellan’s proposal for, 203

  McClellan’s reputation after, 438

  valley campaign’s effect on, 7

  Pennsylvania, Lee’s invasion of, 573