Human Action: A Treatise on Economics

  transfer, 513

  volkswirtschaftliche, 518 see also, Money; Production

  Capitalism

  British, 617

  campaign against, 257, 461

  economic calculation and, 231

  effects upon, 283, 664, 803

  entrepreneurs and, 254, 461, 502

  evaluated, 310

  evolution of, 465

  Marxian analysis of, 78, 612, 644n, 690, 860

  modern, 587

  pacemakers of, 8–9, 615

  poverty and, 832

  production and, 9, 495, 611

  results of, 611

  saving and, 527, 531, 769

  socialism and, 672–678, 687, 712

  standard of living and, 165, 750, 833

  subsistence and, 601

  views of, 264–270

  war and, 824 see also, Liberalism; Market economy

  Carlyle, Thomas, 9, 645

  Cartels, 362–366, 444, 593

  Case probability, 110–115

  Cash holdings

  demand for, 378n, 399, 414, 426, 517, 566

  neutralization of changes in, 412–113

  purchasing power and, 408, 412–413, 423

  size and composition of, 445–147, 460

  Cassel, Gustav, 195n

  Cassirer, Ernest, 38n

  Caste system, 837

  Catallactics

  competition, 117, 274–277, 278–279, 669

  defined, 235, 324, 642

  delimitation of, 233–235

  functional integration of, 252–256

  goodwill and, 377

  impoverishment and, 562, 574

  inflation and deflation, 420

  labor unions and, 585, 771–773

  land and, 634n

  logical versus mathematical, 347–354

  money and, 397, 430, 432, 442

  or economics of the market, Part 4, pp. 233–684

  prices and, 329, 375

  problem of, 3, 7, 10, 203, 604

  reasoning of, 572

  scope and method of, ch. 14, pp. 233–257

  unemployment and, 576–577, 595–598 see also, Capitalism; Economics; Market economy; Rent

  Causality, 22–23, 25, 99, 106, 208

  Central Bank of Issue, 442

  Cernuschi, Henri, 443

  Chamberlin, Edward H., 319n

  Change

  action and, 220

  evolutionary, 267

  forces behind, 352

  goods induced, 416–419

  market situations and, 213

  measurement of, 223–224

  money relations and, 545–547

  notion of, 99

  purchasing power and, 203, 416–425, 428 see also, Action, human

  Charisma and leaders, 150, 155

  Charily, 242, 600, 833

  Chasles, Philarète, 192, 193n

  Cheyney, Edward Potts, 41n

  Child labor, 610, 612, 615, 740–741

  Chinese history, 836

  Choosing, 3, 11, 45, 87, 94, 120–127, 193, 242 see also, Free will; Valuation

  Christianity, 37, 719 see also, Morality; Religion

  Churchill, Winston, 855

  Ciccoti, Ettore, 627n

  Circulation Credit Theory, 204, 430, 567–573

  Citizens, economics and, 874–875

  Civil War, American, 825

  Civilization

  ancient, decline of, 761–763

  destiny of, 10, 825

  liberalism and, 8, 837

  primitive, 36, 145, 600

  private property and, 264, 679

  progress of, 85, 87, 600, 645, 813 see also, History; Savings

  Clark, John Bates, 4, 255n, 496n

  Class conflict, 670–671

  Class interests, 5, 81

  Class of wants, 123

  Class probability, 107–110

  Classical economists

  achievement of, 232

  capitalism and, 9

  error of, 62, 121, 633, 678

  formation of prices and, 62–64

  pacemakers of capitalism, 8–9, 615

  profit concept of, 532

  teachings of, 174

  theory of value and, 2, 63, 121, 206, 485

  trade and, 274

  Clearing agreements, 472, 796

  Clientele, bank, 431

  Cockaigne, 70

  Coercion, governmental, 71, 149, 180, 283, 718

  Cognition, 38, 584n, 881

  Cohen, Morris R., 38n, 86n, 643n

  Collectivism, 42–13, 145–153, 772 see also, Marxism; Socialism

  Colonial regime, 497

  Commercial legislation, 214

  Common man, 46, 192–193, 611, 616–617

  Communion, mystic, 166–167

  Communism

  effect of, 644n

  Second International, 152 see also, Marxism; Socialism

  Communist Manifesto, 605

  Comparative cost, law of, 158–163

  Competition

  biological, 273–274, 663

  catallactic, 117, 274–277, 278–279, 669

  free, 275

  goodwill and, 377

  imperfect, 357, 378

  labor and, 625

  monopolistic, 357–378

  prices and, 357, 358

  restriction of, 278–279, 373–374

  social, 274

  Compulsion, governmental, 71, 149, 189, 283, 718

  Computation of interest, 533–534

  Comte, Auguste, 72–73, 151

  Concatenation

  defined, 105, 324

  market and, 252, 330, 441, 566, 604

  Conception and understanding, 51–58

  Confiscation

  philosophy of, 800–801

  redistribution and, ch. 32, pp. 800–807

  taxation and, 802–807

  Conflicts (and harmony) of interests, ch. 24, pp. 660–684; 686

  Connexity

  among occupational groups, 590

  of prices, 388–389 see also, Catallactics; Market economy

  Conquest, 645–646, 817, 828 see also, War

  Consequence and anteriority, 99

  Conservation, 652–653

  Consistency (Constancy), 103–104

  Constituent Assembly, 284n

  Consumers

  business propaganda and, 316–319

  choices of, 63

  demand of, 241, 495, 553

  goods, 93–94, 330, 487

  policy 312, 315

  prices and 328, 390

  service to, 227

  sovereignty of, 270–272, 297, 305, 308, 495, 724

  surplus and, 385

  Consumers

  value judgment and, 328 see also, Entrepreneurs; Market economy

  Consumption

  affected by monopoly prices, 381–384

  capital, 261, 481, 511–514, 846

  government interference with, 727–729

  production and, 354, 427 see also, Underconsumption

  Continental currency, 425

  Contraction, credit, 564–567

  Contractual bonds, 196–199, 280, 497

  Contracyclical policies, 792–794

  Control

  foreign exchange, 794–796

  of supply, in monopoly, 357

  population, 663–669

  price, 752, 756–763, 822

  qualitative credit, 790

  rationing, 757, 822

  rent, 759–761 see also, Interventionism; New Deal; Planning

  Conventionalism, 39

  Convertibility of capital goods, 499–502, 505, 510

  Cooperation

  human, 143–145, 157, 663, 712

  international monetary, 473–75

  social, 2, 147n, 179, 184, 196, 280, 285, 668; Part 5, pp. 685–711; 830; see also, Action, human

  Copernicus, Nicolaus, 58, 186

  Copyright, 382–383, 657–658, 676–677

  Corn-hog cycle, 583

  Corn
Laws, 82

  Corporations, 303–304, 532n, 703–704

  Corporativism and syndicalism, ch. 33, pp. 808–816

  Cosmology, 18, 192, 634

  Cost

  accounting, 336–347

  comparative, 158–163

  entrepreneurial, 341

  external, 650–656

  of production, 340, 367

  of restriction, 737

  phenomenon of Valuation, 393–394

  prices and, 97, 349

  real, 393, 632

  reduction, 344

  shipment, 450 see also, Economic calculation; Market economy; Money

  Crack-up boom, 424, 433

  Cranks, monetary, 186

  Creative genius, see, Genius

  Credit

  circulation, 430, 567–573

  commodity, 430

  contraction, 564–567

  expansion, see, Credit expansion

  manipulation, currency and, ch. 31, pp. 774–799

  money, 425–426, 432n

  qualitative control, 790

  Credit expansion

  creation of, 434, 439n

  definition of, 431, 568, 787

  effect of, 548–562, 771, 787–792

  gold standard and, 470, 473

  interest, trade cycle and, ch. 20, pp. 535–583 see also, Cycle theory; Deflation; Depression; Inflation; Malinvestment; Money

  Creditors

  unpopularity of, 537–538

  versus debtors, 536, 777, 785

  Currency

  Continental, 425

  credit manipulation and, ch. 31, pp. 774–799

  debasement, 774–775

  deposit, 443

  devaluation, 462–463, 781–787

  government, 774–777, 784

  School, 204, 435, 437 439, 568–569

  theory, 559n see also, Fiats; Legal tender; Money

  Cycle theory

  contracyclical policies, 792

  corn-hog, 583

  monetary or circulation credit, 204, 567–573

  nonmonetary, 551–552, 578–583

  sunspot, 579

  trade, 204; ch. 20, pp. 535–583; 788 see also, Credit expansion; Deflation; Depression; Inflation

  D

  Darwinism, 170, 173–175

  DaVanzati, Bernardo, 232

  Debasement, currency, 774–775

  Debt

  abatement or aggravation of, 777–779

  public, 226–229, 843–845

  Debtors and creditors, 536, 777, 785

  Deduction by reasoning, 38

  Deflation, 419–421, 428, 564–567, 779 see also, Cycle theory; Depression; Money

  Deists, 69

  Deity, 1, 151

  Demand

  consumer, 241, 553

  elasticity of, 55, 349

  for money, 398–402

  for Swedish products, 793n

  measurement of, 349

  monopoly of, 380–381, 591–593

  supply and, see, Supply, demand and

  Democracy

  case for, 76n, 150, 846

  eighteenth-century, 174

  elections in, 647n

  industrial, 281, 809

  majority rule in, 76, 149, 153, 189, 193, 647n

  market, 271, 678

  Depletion of natural resources, 135n, 383, 635, 652–653

  Depression

  contracyclical policy, 792

  creation of, 204n, 423, 431, 560, 579, 791

  effect of, 573

  of 1929, 849

  under totalitarianism, 562–563 see also, Credit expansion; Cycle theory; Deflation; Inflation; Malinvestment

  Deproletarianization, 665

  Destruction and aggression, 169–173

  Devaluation and currency, 462–463, 781–787

  Devil, the, 51

  Dialectical materialism, 79–84

  Dickinson, Henry Douglas, 702n, 706n

  Dictatorship, 113, 647 see also, Government; Totalitarianism

  Dietz, Frederick Charles, 617n

  Dietzgen, Eugen, 74n

  Differential rent, 632

  Discount rate and external drain, 459

  Discrimination

  of prices, 385–388 see also, Valuation

  Disequilibrium, 428

  Disproportionality of trade cycle, 581–583

  Distribution, 255, 335, 391, 800 see also, Consumers; Entrepreneurs; Prices

  Disutility of labor, see, Labor, disutility of

  Dividends, corporation, 532n

  Division of labor, see, Labor, division of

  Dorn, Walter Louis, 614n

  Douglas, Clifford Hugh, 186

  Douglas, Paul, 349

  Dridzo, Solomon Abramovich, (Lozovsky, A., pseud.), 765n

  Dualism, 17–18, 712

  Duopoly, 359–360

  Durable goods doctrine, 581

  Duration of serviceableness, 476–477, 479

  Dynamics, 258, 353

  E

  East versus West, 84, 495, 665, 836

  Eclecticism, 185

  Econometrics, 348, 349

  Economic autarky, 267n, 314

  Economic calculation, Part 3, pp.201–232; ch. 26, pp. 694–711

  capitalism and, 231, 260, 488, 511

  limits of, 215–218

  market and nonmarket and, 206, 210–212

  money and, 215, 225, 230, 260

  problem of, 207–210, 345

  results of, 421–422

  socialism under, ch. 26, pp. 694–711

  sphere of, ch. 12, pp. 213–229

  theory of, 199–232, 260, 421–422, 692–711, 856

  valuation without, ch. 11, pp. 20–212 see also, Mathematics; Measurement; Quantitative economics

  Economics

  armchair, 9

  backwardness of, 7–8, 56, 664n, 865

  bourgeois, 78

  calculation, see, Economic calculation

  citizens and, 874–875

  cognition of, 205, 881

  defined, 10, 225n, 266, 881

  denial of, 4, 7, 21, 235–237, 643

  effects, long-run and short-run, 82–83, 294, 649, 650, 744, 787, 844

  education and, 872–874

  epistemological character of, 4; ch. 2, pp. 30–71

  external, 650–656

  freedom and, 875–876

  government policy and, 239, 467

  history and, 51, 66, 266, 327, 426, 502, 603, 863–865

  law of, 755–756

  learning and, ch. 38, pp. 863–876

  logical method of, 2 51, 347

  mathematical method of, 251, 257, 330, 347–354, 374–376, 396, 697–698, 706–711

  nondescript character of, ch. 37, pp. 858–862

  objectives of, 6, 185, 203, 354

  of market society, Part 4, pp. 233–684

  philosophy of laymen, 464

  praxeology and, 1–3, 92, 95, 497, 879, 881

  prediction of, 105, 117, 866

  privileges and, 81, 313, 658–659, 742

  problems of human existence and, ch. 39, pp. 877–881

  procedure of, 64–69

  profession of, 865–866

  public opinion and, 537, 859–860

  quantitative, 55–57, 118, 347–349

  realism and, 646

  restriction and, 749–751

  revolt against, 9, 67–68; ch. 3, pp. 72–91; 755–756

  Ricardian, see, Ricardo, David

  scarcity and, 93, 236–237, 525

  singularity of, 858–859

  society and, Part 7, pp. 858–881

  specialization of, 69, 870

  study of, 3, 64, 491, 863–865

  teaching of, 868–874

  theory of, 6–10, 202

  universities and, 868–872

  value judgment and, 10, 21, 295, 256, 879–881