Bunker Hill: A City, a Siege, a Revolution

  Knox, Lucy Flucker, 89, 255

  Knox, William, 268

  Langdon, Rev. Samuel, 197

  Laurie, Walter, 140–41, 143–44

  Lechmere Point, 12, 63, 209, 254, 258, 271–72, 274, 276, 278–79, 353n

  Lee, 258

  Lee, Arthur, 109, 172, 323n

  Lee, Charles, 56–58, 72, 100, 230, 242, 250–51, 258, 260–61, 271, 312n, 346n

  Lee, Jeremiah, 123, 150

  Lee, Joseph, 69

  Leonard, Daniel, 17–18, 44–45, 58, 60, 62, 85, 112, 284, 305n, 309n

  Leslie, Alexander, 93, 99

  Leverett, John, 4–5, 32, 303n

  Lexington, Mass., 91, 112, 116, 121, 151

  and Battle Road, 152–54

  British army and, 128, 145–49, 273

  first shots at, 189

  militia of, 119–20, 141, 323n

  powderhouse of, 120, 125, 128, 130

  Lexington fight, 122–32, 134, 140, 163, 167, 171, 188–89, 206, 255, 292, 323n, 325–26n, 328n

  Lexington Green, 92, 119, 121–22, 124–25, 127–30, 134, 148, 151–53, 226, 241, 323–24n

  Lexington Meetinghouse, 119–20, 125–26, 128, 130, 149, 152

  liberty

  defense of, 35, 66, 75, 134

  divinely sanctioned, 120, 134

  meaning of, 323n, 324n

  and patriot cause, 23, 41, 53

  and provincial army, 178–79

  quest for, 32, 34–35, 57, 61, 86, 88, 130, 181

  and war, 74, 88, 98, 111

  Liberty riot, 7, 18

  Liberty Tree, 20, 62, 84, 256, 305n

  Lincoln, Mass., 132, 137–38, 142, 160

  Lister, Jeremy, 143, 146, 152, 154, 162, 324n

  Litchfield, Paul, 170

  Littleton militiamen, 138

  Lively, 26, 30, 196, 199–200, 202–3

  London Bookstore, 15, 89

  London, England, 23, 25, 27–28, 36, 41, 80–82, 93–96, 109, 111, 117, 171, 188, 253, 255, 285

  Long Wharf, 37–40, 42, 64, 117, 203, 206, 285, 290, 322n

  Loring, Joseph, 152

  Loring, Joshua and Elizabeth, 259

  Lowell, John, 125

  loyalists

  in Massachusetts, 170

  number of, 303n

  remain in Boston, 164, 168, 288–89, 355n, 356n

  resistance movement of, 85

  suppression of, 115, 121, 317n

  Lynn militia, 156–57

  Mackenzie, Frederick, 97, 129, 155, 324n, 325n, 330n

  Maddison, George, 42, 64

  Maine, 16, 34–35, 59, 65, 120, 165, 185, 209, 257

  Malcom, Daniel, 21, 306n

  Malcom, John, 14, 15, 16–22, 24, 39, 49, 53, 86, 247, 289, 305–6n

  mandamus councillors, 52–53, 58, 60, 69, 72, 84–85, 87

  Manley, John, 257–58, 268

  maps

  Battle of Bunker Hill, 196

  Battle of Chelsea Creek, 184

  Battle Road, 153

  Boston (1774), 12–13, 15

  Boston under siege, 254

  British expedition to Concord, 114

  Concord fight, 133

  Knox’s expedition, 269

  Lexington fight, 125

  Powder Alarm, 63

  Marblehead, 31, 40–41, 52, 61, 313n

  Mark (slave), 23–24, 197

  Marshfield, Mass., 85–86, 166–67

  martial law, 78, 190

  Maryland, 244, 286

  masons, 68, 90–91, 292, 318n. See also St. Andrew’s Lodge of Masons; St. John’s Masonic Lodge

  Massachusetts

  charter of, 5, 41, 81

  civil government for, 59, 95, 178, 180–81, 236, 242

  deep divisions in, 59, 81, 85–86, 313n

  description of, 34

  founders of, 11

  militia of, 38, 164–65, 214, 242, 260, 268

  open rebellion of, 58–59, 94–95, 109, 115, 252

  transformation of, 159

  Massachusetts Government Act, 41, 52–53, 58, 74, 312–13n

  Massachusetts House of Representatives, 35, 41, 44–46, 252–53

  Massachusetts Spy, 101

  Massacre Day Oration, 38, 96–100, 130

  McClary, Andrew, 212

  Mecom, Jane, 158–59

  Medford, Mass., 14, 158, 197, 202, 205, 235

  medical corps, 109, 193, 244, 251

  medical supplies, 88–89, 109, 166, 318n, 320n

  Melvill, Thomas, 55, 312n

  men-of-war. See specific names; warships

  Menotomy (Arlington), Mass., 118, 122–23, 150, 152–53, 155–59, 162, 191, 194, 242, 324n, 330n

  Mercury, 184

  Meriam’s Hill, 133–34, 145, 151

  Mifflin, Thomas, 277, 279

  military stores

  in Concord, 115–16, 118–19, 130, 134–35, 138–39, 323n

  funds for, 88

  for provincial army, 88, 109, 115–16, 118–19, 173–74

  militiamen, 58, 175, 188, 242

  and Battle of Bunker Hill, 195, 197

  and Battle Road, 152–60

  and British regulars, 77, 85, 115, 118, 148

  at Concord fight, 132, 134–47, 323n

  and powdering hair, 156, 330n

  at Lexington, 123–31, 134, 326n

  loyalties of, 259–60

  organizing of, 73, 77, 152, 160–65

  skillful shooting of, 92

  surround Boston, 174–75, 189

  undisciplined, 178–79, 238, 241, 243, 329n

  See also farmers; Independent Company of Cadets; minutemen; specific battles; town militias

  Mill Pond, 12, 15, 69, 79, 212

  Milton, 12, 14, 20, 30, 74

  minutemen, 77–78, 136, 144, 315n

  Mitchell, Edward, 123, 126

  mobs, 6, 11, 17–18, 22, 84, 154, 305n, 346n

  Molineux, William, 36, 48, 82, 100, 316n

  Montagu, John, 10, 39–40, 51

  Montgomery, Richard, 245, 271

  Montresor, John, 86, 196–97, 282, 285

  Morris, Gouverneur, 240

  Morton’s Hill, 196, 200, 209, 211, 218

  Moulton, Martha, 139

  Mount Whoredom, 15, 51, 279, 311n

  Mowat, Henry, 257

  Muller, John, 275, 353n

  Munroe, Ebenezer, 127

  Munroe, Jedidiah, 148

  Munroe, John, 127

  Munroe, Marret, 119

  Munroe Tavern, 152

  Munroe, Timothy, 157

  Munroe, William, 119, 122, 124, 130, 325n

  Murray, Gov. John, 262

  muskets, 228, 244, 267

  of British army, 141–42, 146, 154, 217, 222

  loading of, 124

  of provincial army, 78, 129, 135, 179, 195, 214, 221, 229

  surrender of, 168

  Mystic River, 14, 64–65, 116, 184, 197, 203, 209, 211, 213, 217, 221, 226, 254, 256, 340n

  Nancy, 258, 268, 279

  Nantucket Island, 9, 170, 304n, 332n

  Native Americans, 61, 165. See also Indians; King Philip’s War

  Needham, Mass., 159, 330n

  New Hampshire, 65, 84, 101, 165, 205, 211–12, 214, 241, 249, 260, 268, 317n

  New York, 8, 27, 44, 48, 56, 82, 167, 237, 271, 287, 345n

  Nichols, James, 137, 160, 326n

  Nixon, John, 185

  Noddle’s Island, 12, 63, 183–86, 246, 254, 265

  North Administration, 76, 86, 103, 114

  North Carolina, 16, 167

  North End (Boston), 10, 15, 21, 39, 68–69, 79, 88, 168, 192, 230

/>   North End Caucus, 68–69, 314n

  North, Lord, 24, 29, 188, 190, 319n

  and Coercive Acts, 95

  criticism of, 53, 56, 311n

  and Josiah Quincy, Jr., 94

  King George writes to, 112

  Northampton, 59

  Nova Scotia, 5. See also Halifax, Nova Scotia

  Occom, Samson, 23

  Old North Meetinghouse, 15, 256, 349n

  Old South Meetinghouse, 3–4, 9, 15, 20, 38, 48–49, 96–99, 256, 284

  Oliver, Thomas, 63, 72–73, 256, 355n

  Oliver, Peter, 61, 111, 169, 233, 248, 311–12n, 314n, 317n, 335–36n

  Orne, Azor, 123, 150

  Otis, James, 7, 29, 32, 293, 307n, 313n

  Paddock, Adino, 78, 284

  Paine, Robert Treat, 45, 56, 309n

  Paine, Samuel, 229, 333n

  Palmer, Joseph, 167, 195

  Parker, John, 119–22, 125–27, 129–30, 141, 148

  Parker’s Revenge, 148, 153, 328n

  Parliament, 5–6, 11, 29, 35, 96, 103, 171, 253

  and Conciliatory Proposition, 95

  and King’s Speech, 264

  opposition to, 92, 109

  passes Coercive Acts, 53

  and Port Act, 31–32, 37, 40–41

  revokes charter, 41

  sovereignty of, 111

  and Tea Party, 25

  and war with colonies, 216

  Parsons, Lawrence, 135–36, 138–39, 144–45

  patriot movement

  anthems for, 54, 82

  clemency offered to, 190

  demands for unity, 60

  divisions among, 317n

  and moral duplicity, 23, 319n

  motivations of, 8–9

  and preserving status quo, 289

  psychological cost of, 32, 307–8n

  secret activities of, 45, 90, 101, 191–92

  Pennsylvania, 8, 29, 44, 53, 56, 76, 238, 244

  Percy, Hugh, 52, 104, 197, 282

  and Battle Road, 152–55

  in Boston, 60, 111, 113, 117

  brigade of, 149–50, 152, 165, 246, 323n

  description of, 51, 311n, 330n

  leads expedition to Concord, 114, 117

  leads march into countryside, 102–3

  on provincial army, 154–55, 321n

  retreats to Charlestown, 158–60, 163, 329n

  Philadelphia, 44, 48, 54–56, 74–76, 81–82, 113, 163, 167–68, 171, 180, 182, 236, 261

  Phipps, David, 64

  Pickering, Timothy, 158, 160, 163–64, 172, 174, 206, 330–31n, 336n

  Pigot, Robert, 196, 209, 217, 219, 224, 226

  pistols, 78, 168

  Pitcairn, John, 87, 123–24, 126–28, 139, 148, 226–28, 262, 316n, 325n

  Pitts, John, 199, 316n, 337n

  Pitts, Samuel, 51

  Plymouth, Mass., 84–85, 93, 175, 267

  Point Allerton, 13, 15, 31, 40

  Pollard, Asa, 201, 338n

  Poor, Thomas, 178–79

  Poor, Salem, 228, 262–63, 351n

  Pope Night, 10–11, 19, 304n

  Port Act, 30–31, 36–37, 40–41, 70, 312n

  Port Bill, 32, 37, 43, 45, 48, 52, 58, 79, 94, 120, 315n

  Porter, Asahel, 123, 127–28

  Portsmouth, England, 188

  Portsmouth, New Hampshire, 84, 99, 101, 140

  Powder Alarm, 62–74, 76–79, 84, 93, 99, 102, 104

  Prentiss, George, 159, 330n

  Prescott, William, 217, 342–43n

  bravery of, 337–38n

  as fierce fighter, 201

  fires cannons on British, 209–11

  leads provincial army, 195–98

  orders retreat, 228–29

  and redoubt on Breed’s Hill, 198–99, 201–2, 206, 213–14, 219–20, 224, 226, 338n

  and reinforcements, 204–5, 218, 230

  press gangs, 18, 61

  Preston, 51, 184–85

  Price, Ezekiel, 179, 194, 336n, 337n

  prisoners, 157, 166, 179, 188, 266

  Prospect Hill, 64, 230, 254, 258, 265, 351n

  prostitution, 46, 51, 68, 311n, 319n

  Province House (Boston), 15, 19–20, 32, 40, 51, 87, 117, 166, 200, 203–4, 282

  provincial army

  account of, 171, 188–89

  assembling of, 103, 109, 155, 164–65, 175, 178

  bravery of, 262

  cost of, 249–50

  largest regiment of, 212

  make-up of companies, 165, 178

  maritime focus of, 170–72, 183

  “of observation,” 150

  overhauling of, 243–46, 251, 259–63, 265, 267

  poor hygiene of, 178

  provisions for, 115–16, 178–79

  recruiting men for, 163–65, 175, 182, 192, 242

  and reenlistment crisis, 259–61

  surrounds Boston, 169, 175

  undisciplined, 146, 178–82, 267

  victories of, 186–87

  See also militiamen

  provincial army officers

  artillery skills of, 172–73

  and commissions, 179, 192, 243–44

  infighting among, 194

  lack of, 144, 223

  recruit soldiers, 165, 175, 192

  relationship with soldiers, 178–80

  and Washington, 242–46

  See also specific names

  Provincial Congress, 81, 88, 90, 92, 96, 103–5, 109–11, 113, 118–19, 177

  arrest of, 115

  and Battle of Bunker Hill, 236

  delegates of, 316n, 318n

  and first shot, 143

  founding of, 75

  leaders of, 191–92

  meets in Concord, 75, 134, 168

  meets in Watertown, 168

  presidents of, 121, 175, 181, 194, 236, 333n

  and provincial army, 165, 179–80

  and skillful officers, 172–73

  and spies, 321n

  provincial resistance movement, 73–75, 77–79, 81, 236

  Punkatasset Hill, 133–36, 142–44

  Puritan settlers, 4, 6, 10, 23, 34, 121, 132, 137, 285

  Putnam, Daniel, 195

  Putnam, Israel, 74, 201, 208–9, 247, 334n

  and amphibious assault, 170, 282

  background of, 57

  and Battle of Bunker Hill, 195–98, 213, 337n

  and Battle of Chelsea Creek, 185–87

  at council of war, 190, 250

  criticism of, 212–13, 223

  leads army on Bunker Hill, 182, 205, 212–14, 218–19, 223

  as officer, 165, 182, 243

  personality of, 182, 198

  on Prospect Hill, 230, 265

  Putnam, Israel, Jr., 208

  Putnam, Rufus, 274–76

  Quarry Hill arsenal, 62–64

  Quartering Act, 53, 311n

  Quebec Act, 53

  Quebec, Canada, 26, 180, 190, 245, 271

  Queen Street Writing School, 149, 165, 246

  Quero, 171–72, 188–89

  Quincy, Abigail, 96

  Quincy, Dorothy, 122, 324n

  Quincy, Josiah, Jr., 33, 60, 72, 90, 256, 284

  death of, 171–72

  illness of, 3, 46, 82, 120, 307n

  in London, 81–82, 93–96, 109, 171, 318n

  and Port Act, 31, 36

  represents British soldiers, 8, 32

  ridicule of, 100

  and Tea Party, 3–4, 48

  Quincy, Samuel, 60, 62

  Ramsdell, Abednego, 156

  Randolph, Edward, 4–5


  Reading militia, 146

  redoubt

  for Battle of Bunker Hill, 213–14, 217–20, 224–29, 262, 338n

  on Breed’s Hill, 196, 199, 201–6, 210–11, 337n

  on Dorchester Heights, 191

  at Lechmere Point, 272, 274

  Reed, James, 205

  Reed, Joseph, 261, 267, 273–74, 278, 287

  religion, 4, 59–60, 111, 176–77, 179, 191, 285, 333n

  Revere, Paul, 82, 89, 91, 289, 306n, 316n, 322n, 349n

  captured by British, 123

  and Green Dragon Tavern, 68, 90, 318n

  at Lexington fight, 125–26, 325n

  as messenger, 76, 116, 118–19, 166, 315n

  on spies, 318n

  and Suffolk Resolves, 74, 76

  Rhode Island, 3, 44, 48, 65, 82, 140, 162, 165, 236, 241, 246, 251, 259, 268

  Richardson, Josiah, 123, 127–28

  riflemen, 244, 260, 277

  Robertson, Archibald, 279–80, 282, 285

  Robinson, John, 138, 140, 142, 342n, 343n

  Rogers’s Rangers, 57, 212

  Rotch, Francis, 9

  Rowe, John, 24, 36–37, 40–43, 49, 82, 100–1, 288, 316n

  Roxbury, Mass., 71, 112, 116, 149–50, 254, 266, 353n

  American lines in, 264

  British plan to attack, 191, 204, 208

  fortifications in, 246, 275

  Gen. Thomas’s forces in, 195

  location of, 12, 63

  militiamen in, 161–62, 164–65, 167–69, 175–76, 178–79, 182–83, 234

  and taking of Dorchester, 276–77, 279, 282–83

  Royal American Magazine, 47

  Ruggles, Timothy, 85

  rum, 80, 179, 202, 238, 316n

  Rush, Benjamin, 240

  Russell, Benjamin, 149, 165, 246–47, 331n

  Russell, Jason, 153, 156–57

  Salem, Mass., 31, 40, 43–45, 48, 51–52, 55, 57–59, 67, 76, 93, 100, 158, 160, 171, 188, 235, 318n

  Salem witch trials, 59, 121

  Sandwich, Lord, 257–58, 316n

  Scammon, James, 209

  schooners, 170

  Schuyler, Philip, 269

  Scituate, 170, 332n

  Scollay, John, 47, 312n

  Scollay, Mercy, 47, 55, 70, 101–2, 112, 192, 247–48, 310n, 312n, 319–20n, 347n

  Scollay, Priscilla, 55

  Second Continental Congress, 83, 113

  Sewall, Jonathan, 65, 233–34

  sharpshooters, 222, 224

  Shirley, Gov. William, 31

  Shrewsbury, Mass., 65–66, 73, 164

  Shuldham, Molyneux, 258

  siege

  Boston under, 246–47, 254, 286, 289–91, 355n

  definition of, 245, 248–49

  devolves into stalemate, 265–66

  Siege of Louisbourg, 5, 77, 120

  signal flags/lanterns, 116, 192

  Simons, Joshua, 128