The Life of Greece

  Cambridge University, 670

  Camirus (kă-mī’-rŭs), 134, 571

  Canachus , sculptor (6th century B.C.), 322

  canals, 575, 589

  Candia , 5

  Candaules, King of Lydia, (8th century B.C.), 316

  Canetha , 580

  Cannae (kăn’-ē), 234, 662

  Canopus , 173

  Canova, Antonio, Italian sculptor (1757–1822), 334

  Capitoline Museum (Rome), 321*, 495, 623, 624†

  Capitoline Venus, 624

  Cappadocia , 13, 557, 578

  caprification, 269

  Captivity, 605

  Caria , 20, 30, 34, 134, 238, 276, 450, 494, 576, 623

  Carneades , orator and philosopher (213-129 B.C.), 351, 503, 598, 643, 657

  Carneia , 75

  Carrel, Alexis, American surgeon, born in France, 516*

  Carthage , 67, 70, 169, 170, 171, 173, 241–242, 272, 438–439, 471, 472, 474, 557, 561, 575, 598, 599, 602, 613, 660–661, 662, 666

  Caryatids , Porch of the, 332

  Carystus , 503

  Caspian Sea, 551, 575

  Cassander, King of Macedonia (ca. 350–297 B.C.), 558

  Cassandra (kă-săn’-drá), 180, 301, 307, 388, 406

  Cassius Longinus, Caius, Roman politician (d. 42 B.C.), 124

  Castalian Spring, 104

  Castor , 105*

  Catalogue of Women (Hesiod), 100–102

  Catana , 77, 167*, 170, 171

  Categories (Aristotle), 526*

  Catholicism, 217, 594

  Cato, Marcus Porcius (the Elder), Roman statesman (234-149 B.C.), 643

  Cato, Marcus Porcius (the Younger), Roman statesman (95-46 B.C.), 656

  Caucasus, 384

  Causes (Callimachus), 608

  Causes of Plants, The (Theophrastus), 637

  Cayster (kī-stěr) River, 143

  Caystrian Gulf, 143

  Cecrops (sē’-krŏ;ps), 40, 50*, 331

  celibacy, 83

  Cellini, Benvenuto, Italian artist in metal and writer (1500–1571), 32, 332, 630

  Celts, 37, 559, see also Gaul

  censorship, 117, 523

  centaurs, 328, 333

  Ceos (kě’-ōs), 129–131

  Cephallenia (kyě’ fäl-yē-nē’-ä), 159

  Cephalus , Athenian businessman (fl. 5th century B.C.), 272

  Cephesus (sē-fī’-sŭs) River, 269

  Cephisodotus , sculptor, and father of Praxiteles (fl. 400 B.C.), 495

  Cephisodotus, sculptor, and son of Praxiteles (fl. 4th century B.C.), 621

  ceramics, in Crete, 6–7, 16–17

  in Mycenae, 31

  in Cyprus, 34

  in Troy, 35

  after Dorian invasion, 63

  in Sparta, 77

  in Samos, 143

  in 7th and 6th centuries, 218–220

  in Peri-clean age, 315; in Hellenistic age, 616

  Ceramicus , 219, 220, 315, 464

  Cercidas , philosopher of Megalopolis (3rd century B.C.), 569

  Ceres (sē’-rēz), 168, see also Demeter

  Cesnola, Luigi Palma di, Count, Italian-American archeologist (1832–1904), 33*

  Ceylon, 564

  Chaerephon , Athenian, 367

  Chaeronea , 29, 103, 104, 442, 479, 480, 488, 541, 558

  Chalcedon (kăl’-sē-dŏn), 156, 449

  Chalcidice , 157–158, 441

  Chalcis (kăl’-sis), 30, 106, 107, 157, 169, 219, 275, 141, 553, 562, 573, 575

  alphabet, 205

  Chaldeans, 135, 161, 653

  Chamaizi (kă-mī’-zē), 6

  Champollion, jean François, French Egyptologist (1790–1832), 8

  Chance, see Tyche

  Chandragupta Maurya , King of Magadha (321-296 B.C.), 6l2

  Chaos, 69, 99

  Characters (Theophrastus), 196–197, 641

  Charaxus (kăr’-ăk-sús), brother of Sappho (fl. 600 B.C.), 153

  Chares (kā’-rēz), 68*

  Chares of Lindus, sculptor (fl. 280 B.C.), 621

  Charilaus , King of Sparta (9th? centuryB.C.), 78

  Charioteer of Delphi, 143, 217, 221

  chariot races, 48, 212, 215

  charity, 294, 563

  Charlemagne, see Charles I

  Charles I, King of France and Emperor of the West (742–814), 29

  Charmides (kăr-mī’-dēz), philosopher (5th centuryB.C.), 366, 452, 510

  Charmides (Plato), 513*

  Charon (kā’-rŏn), 311

  Charondas , Sicilian lawgiver (fl. 6th centuryB.C.), 77, 170, 258

  Charybdis , 61, 167

  Chasidim , 581, 582, 583, 584, 604, 605

  chemistry, 589

  Cheops (kē’-ŏps), King of Egypt (fl. ca. 3700 B.C.), 432

  Chersonese (kûr’-sō-nēz) in Taurus, 108

  Chersonese in Thrace, 470

  Chigi vase, 219

  children, position of, in Homeric society, 47, 51–52

  in Sparta, 82–83

  in Athens, 287–288 Chilon (kī’-lŏn) of Sparta, one of the Seven Sages (fl. ca. 6th centuryB.C.), 141

  Chilonis , wife of Cleombrotus III (3rd centuryB.C.), 569

  China, 36, 135*, 180, 220, 575, 590, 637, 669

  Chios (kī’-ŏs), 150, 193, 207, 275, 279, 470, 499, 567

  Chloe (klō’-ē), 171

  Choephoroe (kō-ěf’-ō-rē) (Aeschylus), 388–389

  Choerilus , tragic poet (fl. 524 B.C.), 233

  Choiseul-Gouffier (shwä-zěl gouf-yā) Apollo, 222

  choragus 379, 482

  choral ode, 77

  choral singing, 228–229, 230

  chorus, in drama, 232, 379, 412

  Chremonides , statesman (3rd centuryB.C.), 560

  Christ, 188, 191, 321, 566, 595

  Christianity, 26, 68, 131, 139, 147, 176, 178*, 183, 189, 191, 192, 195, 311, 373, 523, 577, 583, 595, 640, 653, 657, 658

  Chronicles, Books of, 603

  Chronographia (Eratosthenes), 636

  Chrysa , 497

  Chryseis, (krī-sē’-ís), 56, 302

  Chryseis Queen of Macedonia (3rd century B.C.), 571

  Chryses (krī’-sēz), 56

  Chrysippus , Stoic philosopher (ca. 280–206 B.C.), 643, 649, 652, 655*, 656

  Chrysopolis, 156

  chthonic worship, 38, 177, 179–180, 188, 194–195

  Cicero, Marcus Tullius, Roman orator and man of letters (106-43 B.C.), 70, 80, 107, 118, 130, 356, 432, 488*, 491, 526, 541, 612, 631*, 649

  Cilicia , 118*, 238, 576

  Cimon (sī’-mŏn), Athenian statesman and general (510-449B.C.), 236, 245, 247, 279, 316, 420, 535

  Cineas of Thessaly, minister of Pyrrhus (fl. 280 B.C.), 660

  Circe (sûr’-sē), 60

  circumcision, 582, 584

  Cirrha , 104*

  Cithaeron , Mt., 98

  Citium , 34, 650

  citizenship, in Sparta, 79–80, 570; in Athens, 110, 116, 124–125, 250, 254

  city planning, 330, 592, 617

  city-state, 71, 174, 203–204, 554

  Cius (kē’-ŭs), 156

  Cladeus (klă’-dā-ŭs) River, 88

  clans, in Crete, 10

  in Homeric society, 45, 53–54

  in Attica, 108

  abolishment of, in Athens, 124, 268

  classes, in Homeric society, 46

  in Sparta, 73–74

  in Athens, 110–111, 276–280

  see also metics, slaves, freemen, etc.

  class war, in Homeric society, 47

  in Athens, 112–114, 280–286, 465–467

  in 4th and 3rd centuries, 562–564

  in Sparta, 569–570

  Claudius, Appius, Roman statesman (fl. 300 B.C.), 660

  Claudius Ptolemy, see Ptolemy (Claudius Ptolemaeus)

  Clazomenae (klā-zŏm’-ē-nē), 150, 219, 339

  Cleanthes (klē-ăn’-thēz), Stoic philosopher (300?-220?B.C.), 136, 634, 652, 653–654, 655, 658

 
Cleinias , father of Alcibiades (d. 447 B.C.), 444

  Cleinias, friend of Xenophon, 302

  Cleis, daughter of Sappho, 153

  Cleisthenes, (klīs’-thē-nēz) of Athens, statesman (fl. ca. 507 B.C.), 79, 108, 110, 124–126, 237, 248, 249, 469, 487

  Cleisthenes tyrant of Sicyon (6th century B.C.), 79, 89, 124†, 160, 231

  Cleitus, Macedonian general (d. 328 B.C.). 538, 544, 550

  Cleobolus (klē’-ō-bū’-lŭs) of Lindus in Rhodes, one of the Seven Sages (fl. 6th century B.C.), 141

  Cleombrotus (klē’-ŏm-brō’-tus) II, King of Sparta (reigned 380–371B.C.), 462

  Cleombrotus III, King of Sparta (reigned 243–240 B.C.), 569

  Cleomenes (klē-ŏm’-ē-nēz) I, King of Sparta (reigned 520–490 B.C.), 85

  Cleomenes III, King of Sparta (reigned 235–220 B.C.), 569–570

  Cleon (klē’-ŏn), Athenian demagogue and general (d. 422 B.C.), 255, 271, 341, 421–422, 423, 429, 433, 440, 441, 442–443

  Cleonae (klē-ō’-nē), 158

  Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt (69-30 B.C.), 89†, 593, 602

  Cleophon (klē’-ō-fŏn), Athenian demagogue (fl. 411–404 B.C.), 255, 450

  Clepsydra , courtesan, 300

  cleruchies, 250, 588

  climate, 3, 21, 107

  Clio (klí’-ō), 186

  Clitias , potter, (fl. 560 B.C.), 219

  clothing, in Crete, 9

  of Achaeans, 37, 45

  in Homeric society, 51

  in Sparta, 85

  in Athens, 292–293

  Clouds, The (Aristophanes), 339*, 369, 381, 424–428, 429

  clubs 255, 282–283, 310

  Clymene , 103*

  Clytaemnestra , 29, 32, 36, 39, 51, 56, 59, 386–389, 404–405, 409

  Cnidian Sentences (Euryphron), 342

  Cnidus (nī’-dŭs), 62, 105, 133–134, 141, 171, 342, 461, 491, 495, 497, 499, 501, 564

  Cnossus (nŏs’-ŭs), 5–8, 10–13, 15, 18–23, 28, 29, 33, 35, 44, 47

  Codrus, legendary King of Athens (fl. 1068 B.C.), 109, 113

  coinage, in Lydia, 69

  in Argos, 72

  in Corinth, 90

  in Aegina, 95, 114

  in Athens, 114, 121, 273–274, 314

  in Syracuse, 314

  in Elis, 314

  in Seleucid Empire, 575

  Colchis , 43, 55, 157, 238, 403

  Collection of Lemmas (Archimedes), 629

  colonization, 3, 34, 59, 70–71, 106, 121, 127–129, 133–135, 156–158, 159–160, 168–169, 170, 173

  Colonus (kŏ-lō’-nŭs), 180, 391

  Colophon (kŏl’-ŏ-fōn), 148, 645

  Colossus of Rhodes, 143*, 177

  Colotes (kō-lō’-tēz) of Lampsacus, philosopher (3rd century B.C.), 649

  Columbus, Christopher, Genoese explorer (1446?-1506), 27

  columniation, 68, 169, 221, 224–225, 327, 492, 617–618

  Coma Berenices, 587

  comedy, 230–231, 420–429, 482–483, 606–608

  Commentaries (Pythagoras), 163

  common land, see property, community

  common mess, in Crete, 23; in Sparta, 83, 84–85

  communication, in Homeric society, 46–47; in Egypt, 589–590

  communism, in Pythagorean society, 166

  in Lipari Islands, 170, 171

  in plays of Aristophanes, 283

  in Athens, 465

  in philosophy of Plato, 509–510, 520

  Concord, temple of, 172

  concubinage, in Homeric society, 48, 50

  in Athens, 304–305

  in 4th century, 467

  in Hellenistic age, 567

  Confucius, Chinese philosopher (551-478 B.C.), 371, 376, 473

  Congress (United States of America), 256

  Congreve, William, English dramatist (1670–1729), 607

  Conies (Apollonius of Perga), 627, 628

  Conies (Euclid), 628

  Conon (kō’-nŏn), Athenian general (fl. 400 B.C.), 461

  conscription in army, 264

  Conservatori, Palace of, 625

  Constanta, 157, see also Istrus

  Constantine the Great, Roman emperor (272–337), 575, 649, 667*

  Constantinople, 155, 157, 571, 577, 667*, see also Byzantium

  constitutional law, in Sparta, 79–81, 86

  in Athens, under Draco, 111–112, under Solon, 114–118

  Constitution of Athens, The (Aristotle), 526*, 534*

  contraception, 468

  contracts, 259

  cooking, in Homeric society, 51; in Athens, 309

  Copais (kō’-pīs), Lake, 103

  Copernicus, Nikolaus, Polish astronomer (1473–1543), 340, 502, 634, 635, 669

  Corax of Syracuse, rhetorician (fl. 466 B.C.), 430

  Corcyra , 60, 90–91, 159, 246, 284, 440–441, 662

  Corfu , 60, 159, 662, see also Corcyra

  Corinna , lyric poetess (fl. 5th century B.C.), 107, 374, 376

  Corinth , 38, 62, 64, 79, 89–92, 105, 159, 172, 185, 200, 211, 216, 219, 221, 272, 275, 279, 315, 375, 439, 440–441, 474, 480, 504, 507, 510, 542, 560–561, 562, 569, 575, 662, 663, 666

  Corinth, Gulf of, 62, 89, 104

  Corinth, Isthmus of, 31, 62

  Corinthian order (architecture), 122, 224, 327, 492, 617

  Corinthians I (St. Paul), 91

  Coronea , 103, 215, 440, 444, 461, 489

  Coronis , 96

  Corpus Hippocraticum, 343–345

  Corsica, 150, 661

  Corydon , 611

  Cos (kōs), 62, 134, 272, 342, 343, 470, 495, 609, 639

  cosmetics, 292

  cosmogony, 98–103, 135, 137, 138, 139, 144–145, 168

  cosmology, in philosophy of Thales, 137

  of Anaximander, 138–139

  of Heracleitus, 144–145

  of Pythagoras, 164

  of Anaxagoras, 339–340

  of Parmenides, 350

  of Leucippus, 353

  of Empedocles, 356–357

  of Epicurus, 646

  of Stoics, 652–653

  cosmopolitanism, 362, 562, 600

  Cossutius , Roman architect (2nd century B.C.), 617

  Council of Athens, see boule

  Council of Elders (Judea), 579–580

  Council of Five Hundred, 256, 263, 264, 290

  Council of 501, 125, 126

  Council of Five Thousand, 449

  Council of Four Hundred (6th century), 115, 121, 125

  Council of Four Hundred (411 B.C.), 449

  Council of Thirty, 451–452, 510, 554

  courtesans, see hetairai, also concubinage, also prostitution

  courts, in Crete, 11; in Athens, 116, 125, see also heliaea

  Crannon (kră’-ŭn), 106, 553

  Crates (krā’-tēz) of Thebes, Cynic philosopher (4th century B.C.), 509, 650–651

  Cratinus , comic dramatist (ca. 520–423 B.C.), 420, 429

  Cratylus (Plato), 371, 513*

  credit system, 464

  cremation, 311

  Creon (krē’-ŏn) of Corinth, 403–404

  Creon of Thebes, 41, 396–397, 398

  Cresilas , sculptor (fl. 450 B.C.), 322

  Crete (krēt), 5–23, 28, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 47, 54, 62, 63, 64, 68, 70, 75, 78, 128, 133, 170, 179, 203, 218, 231, 301, 566, 585

  crime, in Sparta, 83

  in Athens, 116–117, 258

  Crimea, 157

  Crisaea , 104

  Critias , Athenian orator, politician, and author (d. 403 B.C.), 368, 370, 373, 451–452, 510

  Critius, sculptor (fl. 5th century B.C.), 324

  Crito (krī’-tō), Athenian, 260*, 365, 369, 454–455

  Crito (Plato), 513*

  Croesus (krē’-sŭs), King of Lydia (fl. 560 B.C.), 118–119, 141, 142, 143, 575

  Croiset, Alfred (1845–1923) and Maurice, French classical scholars, 453*

  Cronia, 199

  Cronus (krō’-nŭs), 99, 102, 121, 181, 565 r />
  Crotona , 142, 160, 161, 166, 167, 169, 172, 203, 318, 327, 342

  Crotone (krō-tō’-nē), 161, see also Crotona

  Crouching Venus, 499

  Crusoe, Robinson, 59*

  Ctesias , physician and historian (fl. 5th century B.C.), 134

  Ctesibius of Alexandria, inventor (fl. 2nd century B.C.), 588, 616, 633

  Ctesicles of Ephesus, painter (3rd century B.C.), 619

  Ctesiphon Athenian orator (4th century B.C.), 484–485

  Cumae (kū’-mē), 107, 160, 169, 197, 205, 668

  Cunaxa , 460, 489

  Cupbearer, 10, 20

  Cupid of Centocelle, 495†

  currents, around Aegean Islands, 4

  in Bosporus, 4*

  curriculum, of Pythagorean school, 163–164

  in Athenian schools, 289

  in Academy, 511–512

  custom, in religion, 193

  in Athens (law), 257–258

  in morality, 295–296

  Cuvier, Georges, Baron, French naturalist (1769–1832), 8

  Cybele , 13, 20, 69, 76, 143, 178, 227, 467, 507

  Cyclades , 5, 10*, 21, 33, 96, 106, 128, 129–133, 235, 246, 585

  Cyclopes (sī-klō’-pēz), 27†, 60

  Cydippe , 608

  Cyme (sī-mē) in Aeolia, 98

  Cyme in Euboea, 169

  Cynicism, 280, 369, 372, 503, 506–509, 644, 650–651

  Cynosarges (sén’-ō-sär’-jēz), 506

  Cynoscephalae , 663

  Cyprus (sī’-prŭs), 4, 15, 21, 33–34, 70, 118, 133, 185, 193, 219, 234, 238, 247, 272, 275, 437, 461, 558, 585, 589, 650

  Cypselus , tyrant of Corinth (fl. 655–625 B.C.), 90, 92, 218, 221

  Cyrenaic School, 173, 504–505, 586, 644

  Cyrene (sī-rē’-ně), 3, 68, 105, 128, 133, 173, 275, 430, 504, 510, 575, 585, 598

  Cyrnus (sēr’-nŭs), 92–95

  Cyropaedia (Xenophon), 490–491

  Cyrus the Great, King of Persia (d. 529 B.C.), 119, 141, 245, 490, 546

  Cyrus the Younger, Persian prince (d. 401 B.C.), 460, 461, 489

  Cythera , 159

  Cyzicus , 135, 156, 449, 501, 575

  D

  Daedalus , 6, 15, 17, 19, 22, 229

  Dalmatia, 159, 662

  Damascus, 150, 544, 575, 576, 579, 580

  Damo (dā;’-mō), daughter of Pythagoras, 163

  Damocles (dăm-ō-klēz), 558*

  Damon (dā’-mŏn) of Athens, musician and Sophist (fl. 5th century B.C.), 248

  Damon of Syracuse, Pythagorean (4th century B.C.), 471*

  Damophon of Messene, sculptor (2nd century B.C.), 621

  Danae (dăn’-ă-ē), courtesan, 300

  Danaus (dăn’-ă-ŭs), 68, 72

  dancing, in Crete, 13, 15

  in Homeric society 48, 51

  in Sparta, 83

  contests, 212

  in 7th and 6th centuries, 229–230

  in drama, 232

  Dancing Woman, 15