The Life of Greece

  Evangeline (Longfellow), 132*

  Evans, Sir Arthur John, British archeologist, 5–7, 17, 21, 32, 61*

  evolution, 139, 340, 342, 355, 356–357, 530

  excavations, at Crete, 5–6

  at Troy, 25–27, 34–36

  at Tiryns, 27–28

  at Mycenae, 28–32

  at Melos, 33

  at Ephesus, 602

  Execestides , nephew of Solon (6th century B.C.), 152

  Execias , potter (6th century B.C.), 219

  exegetai, 261

  exile, 261

  exoterici, 163

  exploitation of poor, in, 280–281, 596–597

  Ezra, 579

  F

  Fabian (Quintus Fabius Maximus), Roman general (fl. 210 B.C.), 442

  fables, 142, 171*

  Fabricius (Caius Fabricius Luscinus), Roman general and statesman (fl. 280 B.C.), 660

  factories, in Crete, 11

  in Athens, 272, 280, 464

  in 3rd century, 562

  in Seleucid Empire, 575

  in Egypt, 589

  faience, 16–17, 19, 616

  Fall of Miletus, The (Phrynichus), 382*

  family, position of, in Homeric society, 45, 50, 51–52

  break-up of, under Lycurgus, 79

  in Athens, 108, 307–308

  in early Ureece, 201

  in 3rd century, 567–568

  Farnese Athena, 179

  Farnese Bull (Apollonius and Tauriscus), 623

  Farnese Heracles (Glycon), 624

  Farnese Palace, Rome, 623*

  Fascism, 523

  Fates, 135, 186, 334, see also Moirai

  father, the, in Homeric society, 50–51

  in religion, 192

  in Athens, 307–308

  fauns, 178

  Faust (Goethe), 624

  Fayum , 155

  fellah, 587, 596

  feminism, 253

  fertility worship, in Crete, 13

  in Mycenae, 32

  in common religion, 177, 178, 199

  fertilization, 269

  festivals, 199–200

  fetishism, 13

  finance, 274

  fines, 260, 261

  fire, in Crete, 21

  as means of communication, 47, 273

  of Prometheus, 100

  first principle, 137, 138, 139, 144–146

  fishing, in Mycenae, 30

  in Achaean society, 45

  in Taras, 160

  in Athens, 270

  Flamininus, Titus Quinctius, Roman general and statesman (ca. 228–174 B.C.), 570, 663, 664

  flood, in Greek myth, 39

  in Achaean civilization, 45

  in Attica, 268

  flood control, 268, 588–589

  flowers, 308–309

  fog, 4

  Fokia, 150, see also Phocaea

  food, in Crete, 14

  of Achaeans, 45

  in Sparta, 85

  in Sybaris, 160

  in Athens, 269–270

  foot races, 48, 214, 215

  footwear, in Crete, 9

  of Achaeans, 45

  in Athens, 293

  Fouché, Joseph, Duke of Otranto, French revolutionary and minister of police (1763–1820), 541

  France, 3, 11, 26, 169, 298, 302, 363, 438

  France, Anatole, French critic and novelist (1844–1924), 657

  Franciscans, 506, 651

  François vase, 219

  Frederick William I, King of Prussia (1688–1740), 477

  Frederick II the Great, King of Prussia (1712–1786), 70, 418, 477

  freedmen, 276, 278

  freedom of speech, 54, 231

  freemen, in Homeric society, 46

  in Sparta, 73–74

  in Athens, 110–111, 124–125, 262, 276–277

  French Academy, 603

  French Revolution, 119, 558

  French School at Athens, 6

  frescoes, in Crete, 7, 17–18

  in Mycenae, 31

  in Periclean age, 316

  Freud, Sigmund, Austrian psychoanalyst, 394, 670

  friezes, in Crete, 19

  in Mycenae, 31

  in Homeric society, 52

  Frogs (Aristophanes)’, 417, 427

  “Funeral Oration” (Pericles), 434

  Furies, 99, 186, 386

  furniture, of Achaeans, 45

  in Homeric society, 53

  in Athens, 309

  G

  Gadara, 580

  Gaea , 41†, 99, 104, 177, 180, 182

  Galatia , 557, 559

  Galen (gā’-lěn), Claudius, physician and medical writer (130-200?), 524, 670

  Galilei, Galileo, Italian astronomer (1564–1642), 634, 657

  Gallic invasion, 559

  Gallipoli, 36, 157, see also Callipolis

  Gamelion , 199

  games, in Crete, 12

  in Homeric society, 48

  in Sparta, 82, 83

  in Athens, 122

  in festivals, 199–200

  in common culture, 211–217

  of children, 288

  Ganges (găn’-jēz) River, 3, 546, 637

  Ganymede , 182

  Garden of Daphne, 573

  gardens, 269, 308–309, 617

  Gargantua, 401

  Gastrology (Archestratus), 649

  Gaugamela , 545

  Gaul, 67, 71, 104, 128, 161, 169, 219, 470, 472, 559, 560, 578, 613, 623, 664, 667

  Gaza , 541, 544, 572, 580

  Ge (jē), see Gaea

  Gedrosia , 547

  Gela (jâ’-lä), 170, 315, 438

  Gelon (jē’-lŏn) of Gela, tyrant of Syracuse (d. 478 B.C.), 172–173, 241, 327, 438, 439

  geocentric theory, 634, 635

  Geographica (Eratosthenes), 637

  geography, 135, 139, 140, 502, 637

  geology, 527–528

  Geometrical style, 63, 218–219

  geometry, 135, 136–137, 163, 338, 500–501, 628, 629–630

  georgoi, 110

  Geras , 186

  Gerasa , 580

  Germany, 24

  germ theory of disease, 195–196

  Gerontia , 158

  gerousia , see Senate (Sparta)

  gerousia (Jews in Alexandria), 594

  Geryon , 41†

  Ges periodos (gāz pĕ-rē’-ō-dŏs) (Hecataeus), 140

  Gibbon, Edward, English historian (1737–1794), 431, 432

  Gibralter, 3, 129, 341

  Gibralter, Straits of, see Pillars of Hercules Giotto di Bondone, Italian painter (1276?-1337?), 400, 669

  Gitiadas , 87*

  Glaucon (glō’-kŏn), 511–512

  Glaucus (glô’-kŭs), ironworker (fl. 7th century B.C.), 150

  Glotz, Gustave, French historian, 479*

  Glycera , courtesan, 492, 607

  Glycon (glī’-kŏn) of Athens, sculptor (fl. ist century B.C.), 624

  glyptic art, in Crete, 16, 20

  in Mycenae, 31–32

  in Periclean age, 314

  in Hellenistic age, 616

  Gnathaena , courtesan, 300

  God, 131, 137, 138, 139, 144–147, 168, 176, 181, 189, 350, 357, 516–517, 532, 604, 605, 653–654, 655, 656, 658

  gods, 11, 13–14, 37, 98–102, 175–202, 467, 565, 566

  Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, German author (1749–1832), 76†, 137, 296, 298, 364, 386, 419, 624, 638

  Golden (street), 150

  Golden Age (Homer), 5

  Golden Fleece, 43–44, 403

  Golden Race (Theogony), 102

  Gomme, A.W., British classical scholar, 255†, 278*

  Gorgias , orator (485?-380?), 213, 295, 356, 358, 360, 367, 430, 433, 434, 446, 485, 486, 506, 513, 554, 642

  Gorgias (Plato), 513*

  Gortyna , 23, 205

  Gothic style, 336

  Gournia , 6, 7, 11, 16, 22, 30

  government, of Crete, 10–11

  of Mycenae, 30–31

 
in Homeric society, 53–55

  of Sparta, 79–81

  of Athens, 114–118, 255–263

  of Rhodes, 571

  of Seleucid Empire, 575

  of Pergamum, 578–579, of Egypt, 587–592

  Graces, 182, 186

  Graces (Socrates), 365

  Graia , 169

  Graii (grī’-ē), 107

  grammar, 359, 361

  grammateus, 261

  Granada, 56

  Grand Inquisitor, 524

  Granicus River, 234, 541, 544, 550

  graphe paranomon, 256

  Great Assembly (Judea), 579, 604

  Greater Mysteries, 188–189, 199

  Great World (Democritus), 354

  Greek Anthology, The, 288, 307, 621

  Greek Orthodox Church, 229

  Greeks, derivation of name, 107

  Greek War of Independence, 335*

  Grenfell, Bernard Pyne, English papyrologist (1869–1926), 155

  Grote, George, English historian (1794–1871), 5, 114*, 247*, 455*, 532*, 549

  Gryllus , son of Xenophon (d. 362 B.C.), 463, 489

  guilds, 150, 207, 380, 589

  Gylippus , Spartan general (5th century B.C.), 448

  gymnasiums, 150, 288–289, 567, 582

  gymnastics, in Sparta, 75, 82–83

  in Athens, 289–290

  Gymnopedia , 75, 86, 229

  gymnosophists, 581, 642

  gynaeceum, 302, 309

  Gyrton (jēr’-tŏn), 106

  H

  Hades (hā’-dēz), 11, 39*, 41†, 42*, 61, 67, 96, 165, 178, 179, 181, 189, 190, 199, 311, 312, 367

  Hadrian, Roman emperor (76–138), 207

  Haemon (hē’-mŏn), 396–397

  Hagia Triada (Holy Trinity), 6, 7, 11, 15, 16, 18, 19†, 21

  Haifa , 580, see also Polis

  Halbherr, F., Italian archeologist, 6

  Halias, 48*

  Halicamassus , 134, 430, 491, 494, 575

  Hall of the Double Ax, 11, 19

  Hall of Initiation, 189

  Hallstatt culture, 62

  Halys River, 575

  Hamburg, 24

  Hamilcar Barca, Carthaginian general (3rd century B.C.), 575

  Hamilcar , Carthaginian general (5th century B.C.), 173, 241–242, 438

  Hamlet, 210, 402

  Hammurabi, King of Babylon (reigned ca. 1955–1913 B.C.), 117, 261

  handicrafts, 46, 589

  Han Dynasty, 575

  Hanging Gardens, 143*

  Hannibal , Carthaginian general (5th century B.C.), 438, 471, 472

  Hannibal, Carthaginian general (247-183 B.C.), 561, 573, 614, 615, 662–663

  Hanno of Carthage, navigator (fl. 500 B.C.), 341

  Hanukkah, 584†

  Harmodius , tyrannicide (6th century B.C.), 123–124, 221, 301

  Harmonics (Aristoxenus), 617

  Harpalus, treasurer (4th century B.C.), 541, 553

  Harvesters’ Vase, 17

  harvest festivals, 17

  Harvey, William, English anatomist and physician (1578–1657), 638

  Hasmonai (hăz’-mō-nī), 583, 584

  Hatzidakis, Joseph, Greek archeologist, 6

  Hawes, Harriet Boyd, American archeologist, 6

  Hawthorne, Nathaniel, American writer (1804–1864), 496

  headdress, in Crete, 8–9

  of Achaeans, 37, 45

  in Athens, 291

  Head of a Girl, 499

  Head of Cleobis, 68*

  Head of Zeus, 624

  heating, 270, 309

  Heaven (deity), 99, 101, 177

  Hebe (hē’-bē), 182, 186, 334

  Hebrew (language), 594, 603, 604

  Hebrews, 297, 593

  Hecataeus of Miletus, historian and geographer (fl. 6th-5th century B.C.), 55, 68, 139, 140, 144, 430

  Hecate , 179–180, 623

  Hecatombaion , 199

  Hecatompedon , 330

  hectemoroi, 111

  Hector (hěk’-tēr), 36, 48, 57–59, 208, 211

  Hecuba (hěk’-ū-b), 27, 36, 58, 307, 406

  Hecuba (Euripides), 401*, 406

  Hegel, Georg Wilhelm, German philosopher (1770–1831), 145, 147, 349

  Hegesias of Cyrene, philosopher, 657

  Hegesias of Magnesia, rhetorician and historian (fl. 300 B.C.), 492

  Heifer (Myron), 324

  Helen, 36, 39, 46, 47, 48, 51, 55, 56, 59, 60, 171, 180, 210, 218, 297, 316, 408, 548

  Helen (Euripides), 404

  Helen (Zeuxis), 318

  Helenus (hěl’-ē-nŭs), 36

  heliaea, 116, 125, 126, 249, 259–261, 263, 358

  Helice , 89

  Helicon , Mt., 98, 99, 104, 106

  heliocentric theory, 634, 635

  Heliopolis , 118, 501, 589

  Helios , 177, 621

  Hell, see Hades

  Helle (hěl’-ē), 42

  Hellen (hěl’-ěn), 39–40, 207

  Hellenes (hěl’-ēnz), derivation of name, 39, 106

  Hellenica (Callisthenes), 550*

  Hellenica (Theopompus), 488

  Hellenica (Xenophon), 489–490

  Hellenic Conference, 440

  Hellenic Sea, 10*, see Aegean Sea

  Hellenistic age, 133, 177, 178, 315, 557–666

  Hellespont , 4*, 35, 36, 42, 43, 44, 55, 69, 128, 141, 156, 158, 238, 241, 242, 248, 276, 437, 449, 477, 538, 544, 585

  Helots , 73–74, 77, 80–81, 82, 247, 443, 459, 570

  Helus (hē’-lŭs), 73

  Hemeroscopium , 3, 169

  Hephaestion, Macedonian general (d. 324 B.C.), 540, 551

  Hephaestus (hē-fěs’-tus), 27†, 58, 101, 182, 183–184, 185, 384, 650

  Heptastadium, 592

  Hera , 41, 50*, 56, 58, 72, 88, 142, 172, 175, 179, 182, 183, 185, 187, 213, 226, 231, 318, 322, 327, 490, 549

  Heracleia , 156, 317, 575, 660

  Heracleidae , 41, 63, 72, 73, 79, 128

  Heracleides of Pontus, philosopher (fl. 4th century B.C.), 500, 502

  Heracleitus , philosopher (fl. 500 B.C.), 136, 138, 143–148, 161, 176, 350, 352, 512, 515, 642, 644, 651

  Heracles , 38†, 41–42, 43, 44, 63, 70, 169, 180, 220, 227, 273, 302, 303, 328–329, 361, 385, 392, 398, 402, 414, 432, 610

  Heracles (Euripides), 401

  Heracles (Scopas), 497

  Heracleum , 5†

  Heracleum Museum, 18, 19*

  Heraclids, see Heracleidae

  Heraeum (hē-rē’-ŭm), 496

  Herculaneum , 618, 645

  Hercules, see Heracles

  herding, among Achaeans, 45

  among Dorians, 62

  in Attica, 269

  hermaphrodite, 185

  Hermaphrodites, 625

  Hermeias (hěr-mī’-ăs), philosopher and tyrant of Atarneus (4th century B.C.), 524–525, 553

  Hermes (hŭr’-mēz), 101, 178, 179, 184–185, 227, 319, 333, 446, 496

  Hermes (Praxiteles), 217, 496, 631

  Hermes (Socrates), 365

  Hermes of Andros, 499

  Hermione (hûr-mī’-ō-nē) (city), 72, 569

  Hermippus , comic poet (5th century B.C.), 141, 254

  Hermolaus , Macedonian conspirator (4th century B.C.), 550

  Hermus River, 150

  hero worship, 177, 180

  Herodas (hěr’-ō-dăs), writer of mimes (d. 300 B.C.), 593

  Herodicus , physician (5th century B.C.), 343

  Herodotus , historian (ca. 484?-425 B.C.), 30, 35, 55, 68, 77, 78, 118–119, 134, 140, 142, 161, 173, 187*, 206, 210, 213, 234, 238, 242*, 298–299, 305, 316, 341‡, 361, 404, 430–432, 433, 434, 435, 437, 488, 491, 613

  Heroic Age, 32, 37–64, 305, 311

  Heroic Race (Theogony), 102

  Heron (hē’-rōn) of Alexandria, mathematician and mechanician (fl. 1st century B.C.), 633

  Herophila , (sibyl), 169, 197

  Herophilus of Chalcedon, anatomist (fl. 300 B.C.), 638, 639, 670

  Herpyll
is , consort of Aristotle, 525

  Hesiod , epic poet (ca. 800 B.C.), 63, 69, 71, 98–103, 135, 144, 167, 180, 181, 186, 210, 259, 432, 495

  Hesperides , 41†, 105*

  Hestia , 186

  hetairai (hē-tī’-rī), 83, 154, 300–301

  hetaireiaiy 255

  Hexapolis (Dorian), 128, 134

  Hiawatha (Longfellow), 132*

  Hiera Anagrapha (Euhemerus), 565

  hieroglyphics, 5-6, 7, 15

  Hieron (hī’-ē-rŏn) I, tyrant of Syracuse (reigned 478–467 B.C.), 130, 131, 375, 376, 383, 438, 533

  Hieron II, tyrant of Syracuse (reigned 270–216 B.C.), 438*, 571, 575, 598–599, 609, 616, 618, 627, 628, 630, 631–632

  Hieronymus , tyrant of Syracuse (2nd century B.C.), 599

  Himalaya Mts., 546

  Himera , 170, 171, 173, 234, 241, 438

  Himes, Norman, medical historian, 468*

  Himilcon, Carthaginian general (4th century B.C.), 242, 472

  Hindus, 135, 165, 177, 350*, 637, 643

  Hipparchia, consort of Crates (4th century B.C.), 650–651

  Hipparchus , tyrant of Athens (ca. 555–514 B.C.), 123, 129, 149, 190

  Hipparchus of Nicaea, astronomer (160?-125? B.C.), 635, 640, 669

  Hipparete , wife of Alcibiades (5th century B.C.), 444

  hippes, 110, 115

  Hippias , tyrant of Athens (d. 490 B.C.), 123–124, 221, 223, 234, 235

  Hippias of Elis, Sophist (fl. 5th century B.C.), 213, 338, 361, 367, 368

  Hippo , 67, 580

  Hippocrates , physician (460-359 or, 377? B.C.), 134, 136, 270, 342–348, 531, 639, 669

  Hippocrates of Chios, mathematician (fl. 440 B.C.), 338, 628*

  Hippocratic Oath, 287, 347

  Hippocrene , 98, 99

  Hippodameia , 39, 51, 180, 328, 386, 548

  Hippodamus of Miletus, architect (5th century B.C.), 330, 437, 617

  hippodrome, 215

  Hippolytus , 22, 402–403, 418

  Hippolytus (Euripides), 401*, 402–403, 411, 417

  Hippomenes , 105*

  Hipponax of Ephesus, poet, (fl. 6th century B.C.), 143–144, 149

  Hipponicus , Athenian general (d. 424 B.C.), 444

  Hissarlik , 25

  Historial (Hecataeus), 140

  Histories (Herodotus), 206, 430–431

  Histories (Polybius), 613, 615

  historiography, 139–140, 193, 430–436, 488–491, 612–615

  History of Alexander (Callisthenes), 550*

  History of Animals (Aristotle), 526*, 529*, 531, 637

  History of Plants, The (Theophrastus), 637

  History of the Peloponnesian War (Thucydides), 206, 433–435

  History of the Sacred War (Callisthenes), 550*

  Hittites, 15, 35, 37, 39, 68, 224

  Hobbes, Thomas, English philosopher (1588–1679), 657

  Hody, Humphrey, English divine (1650–1707), 595*.

  Hogarth, David George, English archeologist (1862–1927), 6

  Holland, 24