Enlightenment Now
Quarantelli, E. L. 2008. Conventional beliefs and counterintuitive realities. Social Research, 75, 873–904.
Rachels, J., & Rachels, S. 2010. The elements of moral philosophy. Columbus, OH: McGraw-Hill.
Radelet, S. 2015. The great surge: The ascent of the developing world. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Railton, P. 1986. Moral realism. Philosophical Review, 95, 163–207.
Randle, M., & Eckersley, R. 2015. Public perceptions of future threats to humanity and different societal responses: A cross-national study. Futures, 72, 4–16.
Rawcliffe, C. 1998. Medicine and society in later medieval England. Stroud, UK: Sutton.
Rawls, J. 1976. A theory of justice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Ray, J. L. 1989. The abolition of slavery and the end of international war. International Organization, 43, 405–39.
Redlawsk, D. P., Civettini, A. J. W., & Emmerson, K. M. 2010. The affective tipping point: Do motivated reasoners ever “get it”? Political Psychology, 31, 563–93.
Reese, B. 2013. Infinite progress: How the internet and technology will end ignorance, disease, poverty, hunger, and war. Austin, TX: Greenleaf Book Group Press.
Reverby, S. M., ed. 2000. Tuskegee’s truths: Rethinking the Tuskegee syphilis study. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
Rhodes, R. 2010. Twilight of the bombs. New York: Knopf.
Rice, J. W., Olson, J. K., & Colbert, J. T. 2011. University evolution education: The effect of evolution instruction on biology majors’ content knowledge, attitude toward evolution, and theistic position. Evolution: Education and Outreach, 4, 137–44.
Richards, R. J. 2013. Was Hitler a Darwinian? Disputed questions in the history of evolutionary theory. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Rid, T. 2012. Cyber war will not take place. Journal of Strategic Studies, 35, 5–32.
Ridley, M. 2000. Genome: The autobiography of a species in 23 chapters. New York: HarperCollins.
Ridley, M. 2010. The rational optimist: How prosperity evolves. New York: HarperCollins.
Ridout, T. N., Grosse, A. C., & Appleton, A. M. 2008. News media use and Americans’ perceptions of global threat. British Journal of Political Science, 38, 575–93.
Rijpma, A. 2014. A composite view of well-being since 1820. In J. van Zanden, J. Baten, M. M. d’Ercole, A. Rijpma, C. Smith, & M. Timmer, eds., How was life? Global well-being since 1820. Paris: OECD Publishing.
Riley, J. C. 2005. Estimates of regional and global life expectancy, 1800–2001. Population and Development Review, 31, 537–43.
Rindermann, H. 2008. Relevance of education and intelligence for the political development of nations: Democracy, rule of law and political liberty. Intelligence, 36, 306–22.
Rindermann, H. 2012. Intellectual classes, technological progress and economic development: The rise of cognitive capitalism. Personality and Individual Differences, 53, 108–13.
Risso, M. I. 2014. Intentional homicides in São Paulo city: A new perspective. Stability: International Journal of Security & Development, 3, art. 19.
Ritchie, H., & Roser, M. 2017. CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions. Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/co2-and-other-greenhouse-gas-emissions/.
Ritchie, S. 2015. Intelligence: All that matters. London: Hodder & Stoughton.
Ritchie, S., Bates, T. C., & Deary, I. J. 2015. Is education associated with improvements in general cognitive ability, or in specific skills? Developmental Psychology, 51, 573–82.
Rizvi, A. A. 2017. The atheist Muslim: A journey from religion to reason. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
Robinson, F. R. 2009. The case for rational optimism. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
Robinson, J. 2013. Americans less rushed but no happier: 1965–2010 trends in subjective time and happiness. Social Indicators Research, 113, 1091–1104.
Robock, A., & Toon, O. B. 2012. Self-assured destruction: The climate impacts of nuclear war. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 68, 66–74.
Romer, P. 2016. Conditional optimism about progress and climate. Paul Romer.net. https://paulromer.net/conditional-optimism-about-progress-and-climate/.
Romer, P., & Nelson, R. R. 1996. Science, economic growth, and public policy. In B. L. R. Smith & C. E. Barfield, eds., Technology, R&D, and the economy. Washington: Brookings Institution.
Roos, J. M. 2012. Measuring science or religion? A measurement analysis of the National Science Foundation sponsored Science Literacy Scale, 2006–2010. Public Understanding of Science, 23, 797–813.
Ropeik, D., & Gray, G. 2002. Risk: A practical guide for deciding what’s really safe and what’s really dangerous in the world around you. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Rose, S. J. 2016. The growing size and incomes of the upper middle class. Washington: Urban Institute.
Rosen, J. 2016. Here’s how the world could end—and what we can do about it. Science. http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/07/here-s-how-world-could-end-and-what-we-can-do-about-it.
Rosenberg, N., & Birdzell, L. E., Jr. 1986. How the West grew rich: The economic transformation of the industrial world. New York: Basic Books.
Rosenthal, B. G. 2002. New myth, new world: From Nietzsche to Stalinism. College Station: Penn State University Press.
Roser, M. 2016a. Child mortality. Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/child-mortality/.
Roser, M. 2016b. Democracy. Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/democracy/.
Roser, M. 2016c. Economic growth. Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/economic-growth/.
Roser, M. 2016d. Food per person. Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/food-per-person/.
Roser, M. 2016e. Food prices. Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/food-prices/.
Roser, M. 2016f. Forest cover. Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/forest-cover/.
Roser, M. 2016g. Global economic inequality. Our World In Data. https://ourworldindata.org/global-economic-inequality/.
Roser, M. 2016h. Human Development Index (HDI). Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/human-development-index/.
Roser, M. 2016i. Human rights. Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/human-rights/.
Roser, M. 2016j. Hunger and undernourishment. Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/hunger-and-undernourishment/.
Roser, M. 2016k. Income inequality. Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/income-inequality/.
Roser, M. 2016l. Indoor air pollution. Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/indoor-air-pollution/.
Roser, M. 2016m. Land use in agriculture. Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/land-use-in-agriculture/.
Roser, M. 2016n. Life expectancy. Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/life-expectancy/.
Roser, M. 2016o. Light. Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/light/.
Roser, M. 2016p. Maternal mortality. Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/maternal-mortality/.
Roser, M. 2016q. Natural catastrophes. Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/natural-catastrophes/.
Roser, M. 2016r. Oil spills. Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/oil-spills/.
Roser, M. 2016s. Treatment of minorities. Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/treatment-of-minorities/.
Roser, M. 2016t. Working hours. Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/working-hours/.
Roser, M. 2016u. Yields. Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/yields/.
Roser, M. 2017. Happiness and life satisfaction. Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/happiness-and-life-satisfaction/.
Roser, M., & Nagdy, M. 2016. Primary education. Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/primary-education-and-schools/.
Roser, M., & Ortiz-Ospina, E. 2016a. Global rise of education. Our Wo
rld in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/global-rise-of-education/.
Roser, M., & Ortiz-Ospina, E. 2016b. Literacy. Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/literacy/.
Roser, M., & Ortiz-Ospina, E. 2017. Global extreme poverty. Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/extreme-poverty/.
Roth, R. 2009. American homicide. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Rozenblit, L., & Keil, F. C. 2002. The misunderstood limits of folk science: An illusion of explanatory depth. Cognitive Science, 26, 521–62.
Rozin, P., & Royzman, E. B. 2001. Negativity bias, negativity dominance, and contagion. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 5, 296–320.
Ruddiman, W. F., Fuller, D. Q., Kutzbach, J. E., Tzedakis, P. C., Kaplan, J. O., et al. 2016. Late Holocene climate: Natural or anthropogenic? Reviews of Geophysics, 54, 93–118.
Rummel, R. J. 1994. Death by government. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
Rummel, R. J. 1997. Statistics of democide. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
Russell, B. 1945/1972. A history of Western philosophy. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Russell, S. 2015. Will they make us better people? Edge. https://www.edge.org/response-detail/26157.
Russett, B. 2010. Capitalism or democracy? Not so fast. International Interactions, 2010, 198–205.
Russett, B., & Oneal, J. 2001. Triangulating peace: Democracy, interdependence, and international organizations. New York: Norton.
Sacerdote, B. 2017. Fifty years of growth in American consumption, income, and wages. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. http://www.nber.org/papers/w23292.
Sacks, D. W., Stevenson, B., & Wolfers, J. 2012. The new stylized facts about income and subjective well-being. Bonn: IZA Institute for the Study of Labor.
Sagan, S. D. 2009a. The case for No First Use. Survival, 51, 163–82.
Sagan, S. D. 2009b. The global nuclear future. Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 62, 21–23.
Sagan, S. D. 2009c. Shared responsibilities for nuclear disarmament. Daedalus, 138, 157–68.
Sagan, S. D. 2010. Nuclear programs with sources. Center for International Security and Cooperation, Stanford University.
Sage, J. C. 2010. Birth cohort changes in anxiety from 1993–2006: A cross-temporal meta-analysis. Master’s thesis, San Diego State University, San Diego.
Sanchez, D. L., Nelson, J. H., Johnston, J. C., Mileva, A., & Kammen, D. M. 2015. Biomass enables the transition to a carbon-negative power system across western North America. Nature Climate Change, 5, 230–34.
Sandman, P. M., & Valenti, J. M. 1986. Scared stiff—or scared into action. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 12–16.
Satel, S. L. 2000. PC, M.D.: How political correctness is corrupting medicine. New York: Basic Books.
Satel, S. L. 2010. The limits of bioethics. Policy Review, Feb. & March.
Satel, S. L. 2017. Taking on the scourge of opioids. National Affairs, Summer, 1–19.
Saunders, P. 2010. Beware false prophets: Equality, the good society and the spirit level. London: Policy Exchange.
Savulescu, J. 2015. Bioethics: Why philosophy is essential for progress. Journal of Medical Ethics, 41, 28–33.
Sayer, L. C., Bianchi, S. M., & Robinson, J. P. 2004. Are parents investing less in children? Trends in mothers’ and fathers’ time with children. American Journal of Sociology, 110, 1–43.
Sayre-McCord, G. 1988. Essays on moral realism. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Sayre-McCord, G. 2015. Moral realism. In E. N. Zalta, ed., Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/moral-realism/.
Schank, R. C. 2015. Machines that think are in the movies. Edge. https://www.edge.org/response-detail/26037.
Scheidel, W. 2017. The great leveler: Violence and the history of inequality from the Stone Age to the twenty-first century. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Schelling, T. C. 1960. The strategy of conflict. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Schelling, T. C. 2009. A world without nuclear weapons? Daedalus, 138, 124–29.
Schlosser, E. 2013. Command and control: Nuclear weapons, the Damascus accident, and the illusion of safety. New York: Penguin.
Schneider, C. E. 2015. The censor’s hand: The misregulation of human-subject research. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Schneider, G., & Gleditsch, N. P. 2010. The capitalist peace: The origins and prospects of a liberal idea. International Interactions, 36, 107–14.
Schneier, B. 2008. Schneier on security. New York: Wiley.
Schrag, D. 2009. Coal as a low-carbon fuel? Nature Geoscience, 2, 818–20.
Schrag, Z. M. 2010. Ethical imperialism: Institution review boards and the social sciences, 1965–2009. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Schrauf, R. W., & Sanchez, J. 2004. The preponderance of negative emotion words in the emotion lexicon: A cross-generational and cross-linguistic study. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 25, 266–84.
Schuck, P. H. 2015. Why government fails so often: And how it can do better. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Scoblic, J. P. 2010. What are nukes good for? New Republic, April 7.
Scott, J. C. 1998. Seeing like a state: How certain schemes to improve the human condition failed. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Scott, R. A. 2010. Miracle cures: Saints, pilgrimage, and the healing powers of belief. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Sechser, T. S., & Fuhrmann, M. 2017. Nuclear weapons and coercive diplomacy. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Sehu, Y., Chen, L.-H., & Hedegaard, H. 2015. Death rates from unintentional falls among adults aged ≥ 65 years, by sex—United States, 2000–2013. CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 64, 450.
Seiple, I. B., Zhang, Z., Jakubec, P., Langlois-Mercier, A., Wright, P. M., et al. 2016. A platform for the discovery of new macrolide antibiotics. Nature, 533, 338–45.
Semega, J. L., Fontenot, K. R., & Kollar, M. A. 2017. Income and poverty in the United States: 2016. Washington: United States Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/library/publications/2017/demo/p60-259.html.
Sen, A. 1984. Poverty and famines: An essay on entitlement and deprivation. New York: Oxford University Press.
Sen, A. 1987. On ethics and economics. Oxford: Blackwell.
Sen, A. 1999. Development as freedom. New York: Knopf.
Sen, A. 2000. East and West: The reach of reason. New York Review of Books, July 20.
Sen, A. 2005. The argumentative Indian: Writings on Indian history, culture and identity. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux.
Sen, A. 2009. The idea of justice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Service, R. F. 2017. Fossil power, guilt free. Science, 356, 796–99.
Sesardić, N. 2016. When reason goes on holiday: Philosophers in politics. New York: Encounter.
Sheehan, J. J. 2008. Where have all the soldiers gone? The transformation of modern Europe. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Shellenberger, M. 2017. Nuclear technology, innovation and economics. Environmental Progress. http://www.environmentalprogress.org/nuclear-technology-innovation-economics/.
Shellenberger, M., & Nordhaus, T. 2013. Has there been a great progressive reversal? How the left abandoned cheap electricity. AlterNet. https://www.alternet.org/environment/how-progressives-abandoned-cheap-electricity.
Shermer, M., ed. 2002. The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience (vols. 1 and 2). Denver: ABC-CLIO.
Shermer, M. 2015. The moral arc: How science and reason lead humanity toward truth, justice, and freedom. New York: Henry Holt.
Shermer, M. 2018. Heavens on earth: The scientific search for the afterlife, immortality, and utopia. New York: Henry Holt.
Shields, J. A., & Dunn, J. M. 201
6. Passing on the right: Conservative professors in the progressive university. New York: Oxford University Press.
Shtulman, A. 2005. Qualitative differences between naive and scientific theories of evolution. Cognitive Psychology, 52, 170–94.
Shweder, R. A. 2004. Tuskegee re-examined. Spiked. http://www.spiked-online.com/newsite/article/14972#.WUdPYOvysYM.
Sidanius, J., & Pratto, F. 1999. Social dominance. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Siebens, J. 2013. Extended measures of well-being: Living conditions in the United States, 2011. Washington: US Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/prod/2013pubs/p70-136.pdf.
Siegel, R., Naishadham, D., & Jemal, A. 2012. Cancer statistics, 2012. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 62, 10–29.
Sikkink, K. 2017. Evidence for hope: Making human rights work in the 21st century. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Silver, N. 2015. The signal and the noise: Why so many predictions fail—but some don’t. New York: Penguin.
Simon, J. 1981. The ultimate resource. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Singer, P. 1981/2010. The expanding circle: Ethics and sociobiology. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Singer, P. 2010. The life you can save: How to do your part to end world poverty. New York: Random House.
Singh, J. P., Grann, M., & Fazel, S. 2011. A comparative study of violence risk assessment tools: A systematic review and metaregression analysis of 68 studies involving 25,980 participants. Clinical Psychology Review, 31, 499–513.
Slingerland, E. 2008. What science offers the humanities: Integrating body and culture. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Sloman, S., & Fernbach, P. 2017. The knowledge illusion: Why we never think alone. New York: Penguin.
Slovic, P. 1987. Perception of risk. Science, 236, 280–85.
Slovic, P., Fischof, B., & Lichtenstein, S. 1982. Facts versus fears: Understanding perceived risk. In D. Kahneman, P. Slovic, & A. Tversky, eds., Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Smart, J. J. C., & Williams, B. 1973. Utilitarianism: For and against. New York: Cambridge University Press.