The Age of Louis XIV

Tillemont, Sébastien Le Nain de (1637–98), 161

  Tillotson, John (1630–94), Archbishop of Canterbury (1691–94), 254, 570

  Tindal, Matthew (1657–1733), 571

  Tintoretto, Jacopo Robusti (1518–94), 433

  Tirol, 420

  Tirso de Molina (Gabriel Téllez: 1571?–1648), 118

  Tite et Bérénice (Corneille), 132

  Titian (Tiziano Vecelli: 1477–1576), 87, 250, 436

  Titus (Titus Flavius Sabinus Vespasianus), Roman emperor (r. A.D.78–81), 132, 137

  tobacco, 275

  Toland, John (1670–1722), 568–69, 570

  Toledo, Spain, 47, 437, 448

  Archbishop of (1700), 453

  Toleration, Act of, see Act of Toleration Torah, 621

  Torbay, 296

  Torcy, Jean Baptiste Colbert, Marquis de (1665–1746), 701, 710, 713

  Torgau, Saxony, 405, 406, 419

  Tories, 305, 308, 309, 313, 327, 343, 345, 346, 582

  beginning of, 247, 279

  oppose Hanoverian succession, 310

  and Swift’s adherence to, 331, 352–54, 356, 357

  urge peace in War of Spanish Succession, 309, 330, 353, 713

  Torricelli, Evangelista (1608–47), 56, 495, 498, 500, 511

  Toulon, 101, 710

  Toulouse, Louis Alexandre, Comte de (1678–1737), 716

  Touraine, province of, 695

  Tournai, Hainaut, 42, 43, 164, 712

  Tours, 23, 36, 74, 89, 695

  Tour through England and Wales (Defoe), 336

  Tour through the Whole Island of Great Britain (Defoe), 337

  Tourville, Anne Hilarión de Cotentin, Comte de (1642–1701), 693

  Towneley, Richard (fl. 1662), 512

  Tractatus de Motu Corporum ex Percussione (Huygens), 510

  Tractatus theologico-politicus (Spinoza), 484, 494, 625–30, 631, 635, 636, 640, 650, 656, 657

  Traité de la lumière (Huygens), 514

  Traité de l’éducation des filles (Fénelon), 82, 487

  Traité de l’homme (Descartes), 602

  Traité des sensations (Condillac), 599

  Transylvania, 421–23, 425

  Trappe, La, Monastery of, 47, 79

  Trappist order, 47

  Travels in Persia (Chardin), 508

  Travendal, Peace of (1700), 384

  Treatise concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge, A (Berkeley), 593

  Treatise of True Religion, A (Milton), 239

  Treatise on the Immortality of the Soul, A (Silva), 477

  Treatises on Government (Locke), 579

  Trent, Council of, 104, 431, 666

  Trier, 692

  Trinity College, Cambridge, 265, 322, 487, 490, 492, 519, 531

  Trinity College, Dublin, 319, 346, 593, 594

  Trinity College, Oxford, 265

  Triple Alliance (England, Sweden, United Provinces, 1668), 43, 175, 331

  Tromp, Cornells, Admiral (1629–91), 179

  Tromp, Maarten Harpertszoon, Admiral (1597–1653), 171, 172

  Troupe de Monsieur (later Troupe du Roi), 107, no, 115, 126, 132

  Troupe Royale, 105, 109, 111, 113, 114, 134–35

  Troy, Jean François de (1679–1752), 98

  True-born Englishman, The (Defoe), 336

  True Intellectual System of the Universe, The (Cudworth), 482, 574

  True Leveller’s Standard Advanced, The (Winstanley), 185

  Tsaritsyn (Stalingrad), Russia, 375

  Tsarskoe Selo, Russia, 397

  Tschirnhaus, Count Ehrenfried Walter von (1651–1708), 498, 513, 632

  Tubingen, University of, 520

  Tuby, Jean Baptiste (1630–1700), 99

  Tudor, house of, 313

  Tudor, Mary, see Mary I

  Tuileries, Jardins des, 92, 100

  Palais des, 23, 32, 91

  Tulchyn, Ukraine, 467

  Tuln, 423

  tuning fork, 513

  Turenne, Henri de la Tour d’Auvergne, Vicomte de (1611–75), 36, 41, 96, 98, 151

  conversion to Catholicism, 76

  and the Fronde, 8, 9, 10

  Netherlands campaign (1674–75), 43–44, 176

  Turgot, Anne Robert Jacques, Baron de l’Aulne (1727–81), 78, 690

  Turin, 433, 444, 708

  Turkey, see Ottoman Empire

  Tuscany, grand duchy of, 455, 508, 708

  Two Sicilies, kingdom of the, 700

  Tyrannic Love (Dryden), 314

  Tyrconnel, Richard Talbot, Earl of (1630–91), 302

  Tyson, Edward (1650–1708), 523

  Überweg, Friedrich (1826–71), 655

  Uccello, Paolo (1397–1475), 435

  Udine, Giovanni da (Giovanni Ricamatore: 1499–1564), 94

  Ukraine, 370, 371, 373, 374, 386, 387, 425, 467, 468, 472

  Ulacq, Adrian (fl. 1652), 230, 231–32

  Ulcinj, Albania, 474

  Ulozhenie of 1649, 375

  Ultramontanes, 49, 81, 83, 85

  Unigenitus (papal bull), 69

  Union Jack, 308

  Unitarians, 80, 167, 194, 301, 414, 567, 589, 590

  United Kingdom of Great Britain, 308, 311

  United Provinces (Dutch Republic), 3, 84, 164, 165–68, 177–80, 411, 412, 577, 578, 718

  colonies, 166, 171, 172, 174, 259

  economic conditions in, 166, 173

  education and learning in, 483, 485, 486, 591, 605

  and England, 175, 178, 179, 205, 261, 295, 367, 692, see also wars of England against below

  foreign commerce and shipping, 24, 44, 166, 171–76

  passim, 205, 259, 261, 448, 690, 700, 705, 714

  French designs on, 41, 42, 426, see also wars of France against below

  in Grand Alliance against France (1689, 1701), 178, 693, 703, 705, 706, 713

  in Great Coalition against France (1672–74), 43, 179

  Jews of, 457–59, 461

  in League of Augsburg (1686), 180, 691, 693

  navy, 171, 174, 176, 262, 693

  Perpetual Edict (1667) against house of Orange, 175, 178

  and Peter the Great’s visit to, 380–382, 405

  religion and freedom of worship, 53, 71, 73, 75, 80, 167, 301, 302, 458, 484, 589, 620, 622, 625, 630, 631

  and Spanish Netherlands “barrier towns,” 703, 708, 710, 713

  and Spanish succession, 700–5

  passim, see also War of Spanish Succession below

  States General, 165, 172, 173, 174, 178, 179, 205, 296, 692, 703, 704, 705, 707

  in Triple Alliance (1668) against France, 43, 175

  wars of England against (1652–54, 1664–67, 1672–1674), 172–76

  passim, 179, 276–77, 286

  war of France against (1672–78), 36, 43–44, 93, 175–79

  passim , 278, 279, 295, 368, 632, 661, 662, 720

  in War of Grand Alliance (1689–1697), 693, 699

  in War of Spanish Succession (1701–13), 706, 707, 708, 710, 713, 714

  wars with Sweden (1658, 1672), 367, 368

  United States, 566, 583

  universities, 486–87, 495, 497, 692

  Uppsala, 495

  Uraniborg, 503

  Urban II (Odo of Lagcry), Pope (r. 1088–99), 76

  Urban VIII (Maffeo Barberini), Pope (r. 1623–44), 54

  Urfé, Honoré d’ (1568–162;), 142

  Urquhart, Sir Thomas (1611–60), 207

  Ussher, James (1581–1656), Archbishop of Armagh (1625–56), 78, 493

  Utande, Gregorio (17th cent.), 450–51

  Utrecht (city), 168, 176, 632

  Peace of (1713), 713–15

  passim; Union of (1579), 620

  Utrecht (province), 179

  Utrecht Te Deum (Handel;, 268

  Uzès, France, 133

  vacuum, 511, 516–18

  Vaga, Perino del (Pietro Buonaccorsi: 1501–1547), 94

  Val-de-Grace, Church of, Paris, 90, 98, 264

  Valdés Leal, Juan de (1630–90), 451–52

&
nbsp; Valencia, Spain, 448

  Valenciennes, Hainaut, 44, 164

  Valenzuela, Fernando (fl. 1670), 452

  Valladolid, Spain, 280

  Museum of, 450

  Valois, house of, 3

  Vanbrugh, Sir John (1664–1726), 317–19, 320

  Vandyck, Sir Anthony (1599–1641), 87, 165, 265, 266, 288

  Vane, “Sir Harry” (1613–62), 192, 246

  Vanhomrigh, Hester (Swift’s “Vanessa”: 1687–1723), 356, 357–58, 360

  Vanhomrigh, Mrs., 357, 386

  Vanity of Dogmatizing, The (Glanvill), 574

  Variations des églises protestantes (Bossuet), 666

  Varro, Marcus Terentius (116–27? B.C.), 570

  Vatican Palace, 94, 428, 435, 436, 439

  Library, 441, 666

  Vauban, Sébastien Le Prestre, Seigneur de (1633–1707), 17, 24, 41, 42, 74, 100, 176, 709, 712

  Vaudois (Waldenses), 73, 194, 232, 430

  Vauxhall Gardens, London, 275

  Vaux-le-Vicomte, Chateau, 19, 87, 92, 96, 101

  Velazquez, Diego Rodriguez de Silva y (1599–1660), 450

  Innocent X portrait by, 98, 431, 435

  Velde, Adriaen van der (1636–72), 169*

  Velde, Willem II van der (1633–1707), 169*

  Velen, Widow van (fl. 1670), 630

  Velthuysen, Lambert van (fl. 1670), 630

  Venables, Robert (fl. 1654), 200

  Vendôme, Louis Joseph, Duc de (1654–1712), 525, 694, 710, 712, 714

  Venice, 48, 433, 434, 436, 444, 484, 708

  Jews of, 456, 475

  and Turks, 424, 425, 433

  Venice Preserved (Otway), 314–15

  Venner, Thomas (fl. 1661), 246

  Ventadour, Duchesse de (fl. 1714), 719

  Verden, province of, 367, 389

  Vermandois, Comte de, 37

  Vermeer, Jan (1632–75), 169–71

  Veronese, Paolo (Paolo Caliari: 1528–88), 87, 97, 433

  Versailles, 17, 89, 91–93, 162, 709

  architecture of, 90–93

  art works at, 45, 87, 88, 93, 94, 96–101

  passim, 103, 496, 689

  court life at, 15, 31–34, 40, 72, 160, 685, 711

  extravagant cost of, 21, 92, 101, 711, 720

  Hall of Mirrors (Galerie des Glaces), 32, 93, 95, 97, 433

  landscaping of, 91–92

  theatrical presentations at, 114, 120, 138

  Verteuil, 155, 156

  Vesalius, Andreas (1514–64), 481

  Victor Amadeus II, Duke of Savoy (r. 1675–1732), 430, 699, 709–10, 714

  Vieira, Antonio (1608–97), 447–48

  Vienna, 382, 407, 420, 435, 455, 464, 481, 664, 665

  architecture of, 418, 426–27

  French-Bavarian drive on, 706–7

  Leibniz in, 669, 678

  music, opera in, 419, 421

  plague in (1679), 525

  Turks’ attacks on, 45, 373, 420, 422, 423–24, 438, 665, 704

  Viète or Vieta, François (1540–1603), 533*

  Vignola, Giacomo (Giacomo Barocchio: 1507–1573), 264

  Villa Borghese, Rome, 100

  Villa Nova, Countess of (fl. 1644), 446

  Villars, Claude, Duc de (1653–1734), 73, 711, 713, 714, 717

  Villaviciosa, battle of (1710), 712

  Villeroi, François de Neufville, Duc de (1644–1730), 704, 706–8

  passim

  Villiers, Barbara, see Castlemaine, Countess of Villiers, Elizabeth (1567?–1633), 179, 295

  Vincennes, 8

  fortress of, 15, 54

  Vincent de Paul, Saint (1581?–1660), 76, 79, 85

  Vinci, Leonardo da (1452–1519), 507, 510*, 514, 517

  Vindication (Manasseh ben Israel), 462

  Vineam Domini (papal bull), 68

  Virgil (70–19 B.C.), 147, 153, 241, 342

  Virginia colony, 253

  Vitali, Tommaso (fl. 1666), 443

  Vitart, Nicolas (fl. 1657), 133

  Vitebsk, 467

  Vitruvius Pollio, Marcus (1st cent. B.C.), 264

  Vivaldi, Antonio (1680?–1743), 419, 433

  Vladimir, Russia, 385

  Volga river, 402, 405

  Voltaire (François Marie Arouet: 1694–1778):

  LIFE AND WORK: 161, 307, 321, 391, 487, 571, 601, 613, 619

  and Bayle, 613

  Frederick II’s letters to, 161, 391

  and Leibniz, 663, 672, 677

  Ninon de Lenclos’s bequest to, 30

  Locke’s influence on, 582, 667

  religious, philosophic outlook, 86, 128, 547, 571, 582, 597, 613, 651, 656, 667

  writings of, 337, 547, 564, 614, 672, 677

  OPINIONS, NOTES, COMMENTS: 8, 11, 37, 48, 104–5, 176, 309*, 312, 423, 505, 527, 572, 687*, 704

  on Addison’s Cato, 345

  on Charles II of England, 206, 251

  on Christina, 440

  on Corneille, 143

  on Innocent XI, 431–32

  on Locke, 587–88

  on Louis XIV, 88, 162, 689, 702, 719

  on Molière, 106, 107

  on Newton, 536, 541, 542, 545, 546

  on Palatinate, French devastation of, 692

  on Provincial Letters, 60

  on Racine, 138, 141

  on Swift, 351

  Voorburg, Holland, 625

  Voronezh, 379

  Vossius, Dionysius (fl. 1630), 459

  Vossius, Isaac (Isaac Voss: 1618–89), 129

  Vouet, Simon (1590–1649), 96

  Voyer d’Argenson, see Argenson

  Vries, Simon de (1633?–67), 623

  Wadham College, Oxford, 263

  Wakeman, Sir George (fl. 1680), 283

  Wakefield, Yorkshire, England, 198

  Waldeck, Count George Frederick of (fl. 1654), 412

  Waldenses, see Vaudois

  Wales, 257

  Wall, English physicist (fl. 1708), 515

  Wallachia, 423

  Waller, Edmund (1606–87), 265, 496

  Wallis, John (1616–1703), 57, 496, 498, 500, 510, 512, 533, 562

  Walpole, Horace, 4th Earl of Orford (1717–1797), 265

  Walsingham, Sir Francis (1530?–90), 460

  Walter, Lucy (1630?–58), 247, 284

  Walton, Izaak, (1593–1683), 207

  Waring, Jane (fl. 1695), 347, 348

  Warmbrunn, Silesia, 419

  War of Devolution (1667–68), 21, 42–43, 175, 422

  War of the Mantuan Succession (1628–31), 4, 456

  War of the Palatinate, see Palatinate

  War of the Spanish Succession (1701–13), 11, 437, 445, 704–5, 706–15, 717

  effects of Huguenot suppression on France in, 73, 75

  Jews and, 457, 464

  Marlborough accused of profiting by, 307, 353, 713

  and the Pope, 432, 700–1, 708

  Warsaw, 366, 367, 371, 374, 506

  Wars of Charles XII, The (Defoe), 336

  Wars of Religion, see Religious Wars

  Washington family, in America, 183

  Washington, George (1732–99), 341

  Waterford, Ireland, 186

  Watteau, Jean Antoine (1684–1721, 99

  Way of the World, The (Congreve), 315, 319–20

  Weenix, Jan II (1640?–1719), 169*

  Weimar, duchy of, 485

  Wends, 412

  Wenham, Jane (fl. 1712), 482

  Werff, Adriaen van der (1659–1722), 169*

  Wertheimer, Samson (1658–1724), 464

  West Africa, 26

  West Indies, 25, 26, 200, 290, 458, 700, 705

  West Jersey colony, 256

  Westminster, 190, 260, 263

  Treaty of (1674), 279

  Westminster Abbey, 161, 245, 246, 265, 267, 321, 327, 329, 334, 545

  Westminster Confession, 589

  Westminster Hall, 245, 563

  Westminster Palace, 193, 203

  Westminster School, 321, 576

  Westphalia, Peace of
(1648), 200, 372, 412, 416, 432, 464, 483, 714

  Mazarin and French gains from, 4, 129

  Dutch gains from, 164, 171, 458

  West Prussia, 366–67

  West Riding, Yorkshire, 257

  Wexford, county of, Ireland, 186, 187

  Wharton, Thomas, Earl of (1648–1715), 353

  Whichcote, Benjamin (1609–83), 573

  Whigs, 282, 305, 308, 313, 326, 342, 343, 345, 346

  begining of, 247, 279*

  for Hanoverian succession, 310

  against James as successor to Charles II, 282–86

  and Locke’s philosophy, 580, 582

  and Swift, 331, 352–54, 356

  and War of Spanish Succession, 330, 353, 713

  Whiston, William (1667–1752), 571

  White, ex-priest, author (fl. c. 1666), 561

  Whitehall Palace, 190, 191, 206, 260, 281, 297, 334, 462

  Whitehead, Alfred North (1861–1947), 528

  Whitelocke, Bulstrode (1605–75), 190

  Wicklow, county of, Ireland, 187

  wigs, 27, 273

  Wilanów, Poland, 374

  Wild Gallant, The (Dryden), 322

  William I the Silent of Orange and Nassau, Dutch Stadholder (r. 1579–84), 165–66, 177

  William II of Orange, Dutch Stadholder (r. 1647–50), 166, 173, 177

  William III of Orange, Dutch Stadholder (r. 1672–1702) and King of England (r. 1689–1702), 171, 177–80, 254, 265, 266, 295–305, 306, 312, 313, 336, 505, 525

  and alliances against France, 178–80

  passim, 305, 691–93

  passim, 703, 705

  birth of, 166

  Catholic powers’ support of against James II, 296, 432

  character and manners of, 177, 305

  death of, 305, 705

  and dethronement of James II, 179–80, 295–99, 335, 458, 578, 579

  and exclusion from office in Holland, 173, 175, 177, 178

  and Huguenots, 74, 179, 296

  and Ireland, 302–3, 305, 693

  Jacobite attempts against, 302, 305, 705

  and Jews, 458, 463

  liaison of with Elizabeth Villiers, 179, 295

  and Mary, 179–80, 280, 295, 297–98, 331, 578

  military campaigns of against France, 178–79, 693, 694

  and Parliament, 297–99, 301–3, 305, 310, 581, 692, 699, 703, 705

  and Peter the Great, 380, 382

  and religious toleration, 295, 301–3, 463

  and Ryswick, Peace of, 699, 705

  and Spanish-succession problem, 700, 704, 705

  and the theater, 318, 321

  and the de Witts, 173, 177, 178, 631

  William II, Emperor of Germany (r. 1888–1918), 412

  Williams, Roger (1603?–83), 483

  Willis, Thomas (1621–75), 263–64, 522

  Will’s Tavern (coffeehouse), London, 326, 339, 342

  Willughby, Francis (1635–72), 519

  Wilno, Poland, 371, 374, 465, 467, 468

  Winchester School, 591