The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined

  nuclear nations by the dozen

  nuclear terrorism by 2005

  victories in war

  wars with assorted countries

  war with Iran

  World War III as inevitable

  World War IV as inevitable

  preferential attachment; see also Matthew Effect

  Price, Richard

  Princip, Gavrilo

  printing press

  PRIO Battle Deaths Dataset

  Prisoner’s Dilemma

  Iterated

  Pacifist’s Dilemma

  and Public Goods game

  sequential

  Tit for Tat

  and Ultimatum game

  violence as

  probability

  Profumo, John

  proletarianization

  Promise Keepers

  proportionality

  prosperity

  prostitution

  Prudentius

  Prunier, Gérard

  psychological hedonism

  psychology:

  age of

  awareness of

  cognitive

  evolutionary

  folk; see also mentalizing; theory of mind

  philosophy vs.

  social

  see also aggression; brain; cognitive illusions; emotions; moral sense

  psychopaths; see also antisocial personality disorder

  Public Goods game

  Punch and Judy shows

  Punic Wars

  punishment:

  in autocracies

  and the brain

  capital

  of children

  and criminal justice system

  cruel and unusual

  and deterrence

  executions

  vs. incapacitation

  incarceration

  and incomplete justice

  and just deserts

  legitimate use of

  and moralization

  and repentance

  for sins

  spanking

  torture

  Purcell, Ed

  Purity, ethic of; see also disgust; Divinity, ethic of

  Pushkin, Aleksandr

  Pynchon, Thomas

  Pyrrhic Victory

  Pythagoras

  Qatar, slavery abolished in

  Quakers

  Québec

  Quervain, Dominique de

  race riots

  racial pogroms

  racism

  in children

  decline of

  and gender

  psychology of

  as “root cause” of crime

  use of term

  see also social dominance

  radical chic

  radiological (dirty) bombs

  Rage circuit

  raiding

  Raine, Adrian

  Rajneeshee cult

  rampage; see also forward panic

  randomness

  rape

  awareness of

  as crime

  definitions of

  gender differences in conception of

  and human sexuality

  marital

  outside U.S.

  prevention and response

  and race

  rates of

  underreported

  rat, brain of

  rational actor theory

  rationalization; see also cognitive dissonance

  Rational-Legal model

  Rauschenbusch, Walter

  Ray, James Lee

  Reading Revolution

  Reagan, Ronald

  realism:

  moral

  theory in political science

  reason

  Age of Reason

  and community

  escalator of

  guided

  and intelligence

  introduction of concept

  and Pacifist’s Dilemma

  as pacifying force

  passions vs.

  universality of

  reciprocal altruism, see altruism, reciprocal; reciprocity

  reciprocity; see also Equality Matching; evolutionary psychology, analysis of cooperation

  reconciliation

  Reformation

  regicide; see also assassinations

  relational models

  direction of change in

  and humor

  and morality

  religion

  Age of Religions

  and apostates

  and blasphemy

  Catholics vs. Protestants

  compartmentalization of ideology

  early Christian church

  faith

  and heresy

  and human sacrifice

  and infanticide

  and inquisitions

  and intercommunal conflict

  intolerance in U.S.

  Islam, see Islamic states

  martyrs of

  and peace

  Reformation

  and slavery

  social effects of

  souls vs. lives

  and suicide terrorism

  theocracies

  traditions in

  and violence

  wars of

  see also Bible; God

  Remarque, Erich Maria

  Renaissance

  Renoir, Jean

  Republic of Letters

  reputation:

  for goodness

  for toughness

  resource curse

  resource determinism

  responsibility, diffusion of

  ressentiment

  restorative justice

  retaliation; see also revenge

  revenge

  and counterempathy

  in cultures of honor

  cutting off noses for

  excess

  fantasies of

  in foraging societies

  introduction of concept

  modulation of

  as motive for war

  psychology of

  and sadism

  and terrorism

  Reynolds, Malvina

  Rhee, Soo Hyun

  Ricard, Samuel

  Rich, Frank

  Richards, Keith

  Richardson, Lewis Fry

  on magnitude of wars

  on probability

  on randomness

  on timing of wars

  Richardson, Samuel

  Rifkin, Jeremy

  rights, circle of; see also Expanding Circle, theory of; human rights

  Rights Revolutions

  animal rights

  children’s rights

  civil rights

  and Enlightenment humanism

  gay rights

  and Humanitarian Revolution

  introduction of concept

  and technologies

  use of terms

  women’s rights

  Rindermann, Heiner

  risk perception, see fear

  Rivers, Eugene

  Rizzolatti, Giacomo

  Robbers Cave study

  Roberts, Adam

  Robespierre, Maximilien

  Robinson, Paul

  robots

  rock music

  Rockwell, Norman

  Roe v. Wade

  Rolling Stones

  Roman Empire

  animals in

  Carthage vs.

  Colosseum in

  crucifixion in

  fall of

  gladiators in

  human life devalued in

  infanticide in

  Roman law

  Roman Republic, slavery in

  Romanticism

  romantic militarism

  romantic nationalism

  Roosevelt, Eleanor

  Roosevelt, Franklin D.

  Roosevelt, Theodore

  Rosenau, James

  Rosenbaum, Ron

  Rosenberg, Julius and Ethel

/>   Rostand, Edmond, Les Romantesques

  Rostow, Elspeth

  Roth, Randolph

  Rothstein, Richard

  Rousseau, Jean-Jacques

  Rozin, Paul

  Rubin, Jerry

  Rule of Law measure

  Rummel, Rudolf J.

  Rumsfeld, Donald

  Rush, Benjamin

  Rushdie, Salman

  Rusk, Dean

  Ruskin, John

  Russell, Bertrand

  Russett, Bruce

  Russia:

  capital punishment in

  civil war in

  and Cold War, see USSR

  compulsory military service in

  crime in

  peasant uprisings in

  retaliation in

  terrorism in

  Time of Troubles

  and World War I

  Russian Revolution

  Rwanda

  Ryder, Norman

  Saakashvili, Mikheil

  sacred values

  Sadat, Anwar

  Sade, Marquis de

  sadism

  introduction of concept

  psychology of

  by serial killers

  and torture

  Sagan, Carl

  Sagan, Scott

  Sageman, Marc

  Sailer, Steven

  Saint Pierre, Abbé de

  Salehyan, Idean

  Salem witch trials

  Salmon, Catherine

  Sampson, Robert

  Samuel

  Sand Creek Massacre

  Santayana, George

  Sassoon, Siegfried

  SAT (Scholastic Aptitude Test)

  satire

  Saudi Arabia

  Saul, King

  Saunders, J. J.

  savage, use of term

  Saxe, Rebecca

  Sayers, Dorothy L.

  Scandinavia

  homicides in

  Scarpa, Angela

  schadenfreude; see also sadism

  Schama, Simon

  Schechter, Harold

  Schell, Jonathan

  Schelling, Friedrich

  Schelling, Thomas

  schools:

  corporal punishment in

  education in

  weapons in

  see also education

  Schwager, Raymund

  Schweitzer, Albert

  Schwerner, Michael

  science, value system of

  scientific reasoning; see also modernity

  Scientific Revolution

  Scotland

  Scott, Sir Walter

  Scully, Diana

  Seabrook, John

  security dilemma; see also Hobbesian trap

  Seeking system

  Seinfeld, Jerry

  self-control

  and Civilizing Process

  and counterculture

  and crime

  and ego depletion

  and etiquette

  and experience

  fatigue of

  heritability of

  and human brain

  and intelligence

  introduction of concept

  language of

  measures of

  and reason

  sexual

  strategies of

  self-deception

  self-determination

  self-domestication

  self-esteem

  self-help justice

  self-organized criticality

  self-serving biases

  Seligman, Martin

  Semai people

  sensation seeking; see also attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

  September 11 attacks

  Serbia

  serial killers

  serotonin

  Servetus, Michael

  Sesame Street (TV)

  Seven Years’ War

  sexism; see also women, attitudes toward; women, male control of; women, as property; women, rights of

  sex ratio

  sexual abuse

  sexual jealousy

  sexual revolution

  sexual sadism

  sexual selection, theory of

  sexual self-control

  Shaka (Zulu)

  Shakespeare, William

  Falstaff

  Henry IV, Part I,

  Henry V,

  King Lear

  Measure for Measure

  The Merchant of Venice

  Portia

  Shylock

  Titus Andronicus

  Shasta County, California, ranchers

  Shaw, George Bernard

  Sheehan, James

  Shen, Francis X.

  Shepard, Matthew

  Shergill, Sukhwinder

  Sherriff, R. C.

  Shikaki, Khalil

  Shotland, Lance

  Shultz, George

  Shweder, Richard

  Sidanius, Jim

  siege, use of term

  Silence of the Lambs, The (film)

  Simon, Paul

  Simon, Robert

  Simonton, Dean

  Singapore

  Singer, Peter:

  Animal Liberation

  The Expanding Circle

  Singer, Tania

  sins, seven deadly

  SIPRI (Stockholm International Peace Research Institute)