Undaunted Courage

  Carman, Harry, and Charles Mueller. “The Contract and Finance Company and the Central Pacific Railroad.” Mississippi Valley Historical Review, vol. 14 (December 1927).

  Chandler, Alfred D., Jr. “Henry Varnum Poor.” In The Golden Spike: A Centennial Remembrance. New York: American Geographical Society, 1969.

  Chew, Lee. “A Chinese Immigrant Makes His Home in America.” Independent, reprinted on www.historymatters.gmu.edu/text/1650a-chew.html.

  “The Chinese in California.” Lippincott’s Magazine, March 1868.

  Dillon, Sidney. “Historic Moments: Driving the Last Spike of the Union Pacific.” Scribner’s Magazine, August 1892.

  Farnham, Wallace D. “Grenville Dodge and the Union Pacific: A Study of Historical Legends.” Journal of American History, vol. 51 (June 1964).

  Henry, Robert. “The RR Land Grant Legend in American History Texts.” Mississippi Valley Historical Review, vol. 32 (1945–46).

  Huffman, Wendell. “Railroads Shipped by Sea.” Railroad History, Spring 1999.

  Klein, Maury. “The Coming of the Railroad and the End of the Great West.” Invention and Technology, vol. 10, no. 3 (Winter 1995).

  Kraus, George. “Chinese Laborers and the Construction of the Central Pacific.” Utah Historical Quarterly, vol. 37, no. 1 (Winter 1969).

  Lemon, David. “An Experience on the Road.” Union Pacific Magazine, May 1924.

  Lockwood, E. C. “With the Casement Brothers While Building the Union Pacific.” Union Pacific Magazine, February 1931.

  Loomis, A. W. “How Our Chinamen Are Employed.” Overland Monthly, March 1869.

  Mills, Morris. “With the Union Pacific Railroad in the Early Days.” Annals of Wyoming, vol. 3, no. 4 (April 1926).

  O’Neil, Hugh. “List of Persons Present, Promontory, Utah, May 10, 1869.” Utah Historical Quarterly, vol. 24 (1956).

  Poor, Henry V. “The Pacific Railroad.” North American Review, vol. 128 (June 1879).

  ———. “Railroad to the Pacific.” In The Golden Spike: A Centennial Remembrance. New York: American Geographical Society, 1969.

  Reeder, Clarence A. “A History of Utah’s Railroads.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Utah, 1959.

  Rosewater, Andrew. “Finding a Path Across the Rocky Mountain Range.” Union Pacific Magazine, January 1923.

  Saxton, Alexander. “The Army of Canton in the High Sierra.” Pacific Historical Review, vol. 35 (June 1966).

  Smoot, W.C.A. “Tales from Old-Timers.” Union Pacific Magazine, December 1923.

  Wheat, Carl. “A Sketch of the Life of Theodore D. Judah.” California Historical Society Quarterly, vol. 4 (September 1925).

  Wilder, J. O. “The Way Pioneer Builders Met Difficulties.” Southern Pacific Bulletin, vol. 9, no. 11 (November 1920).

  MEMOIRS, DIARIES, JOURNALS

  Barney, Lewis. Papers. Archives, Church of Latter-Day Saints Library, Salt Lake City.

  Clement, Samuel. Papers. Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.

  Crocker, Charles. Memoir. Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.

  DeLamater, C.B.V. Memoir. Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.

  Dodge, Grenville M. Papers. Union Pacific Archives, Omaha.

  Ferguson, Arthur. Journal. Utah State Historical Society, Salt Lake City.

  Hubbard, Thomas. Diary. Union Pacific Archives, Omaha.

  Huntington, Collis. Memoir. Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.

  ———. Papers. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

  Judah, Anna. Papers. Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.

  Kim, Rudy. Interview. Bancroft Collection, University of California, Berkeley.

  Maxwell, James. Memoir. University of Delaware Library, Newark, Del.

  Nichols, H. K. Diary. Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.

  Pratt, Milando. Memoir. Utah State Historical Library, Salt Lake City.

  Reed, Samuel. Papers. Union Pacific Archives, Omaha.

  Schill, Samuel. Papers. Church of Latter-Day Saints Library, Salt Lake City.

  Yee, Samuel. Oral History. Bancroft Collection, University of California, Berkeley.

  Young, Brigham. Papers. Archives, Church of Latter-Day Saints Library, Salt Lake City.

  NEWSPAPERS AND MAGAZINES

  Cheyenne Daily Leader (Wyoming)

  Cheyenne Frontier Index

  Chicago Leader

  Chicago Tribune

  Cincinnati Gazette

  Council Bluffs Bugle (Iowa)

  Council Bluffs Nonpareil

  Denver Rocky Mountain News

  Dutch Flat Enquirer (California)

  Harper’s Weekly

  Humboldt Register (Nevada)

  New York Sun

  New York Times

  New York Tribune

  Omaha Weekly Herald

  Reno Crescent (Nevada)

  Sacramento Union

  Salt Lake Daily Reporter

  Salt Lake Deseret News

  San Francisco Bulletin

  San Francisco Chronicle

  San Francisco Daily Alta California

  Van Nostrand’s Engineering Magazine

  Virginia City Territorial Enterprise (Nevada)

  Western Railroad Gazette

  Index

  Page numbers in italics refer to maps.

  Adams, Charles Francis, Jr., 93–94, 252, 320–21, 339, 378

  air brakes, 268

  Alton and Sangamon Railroad, 28, 29

  American River:

  Cape Horn grading work along, 156–57

  Sacramento bridge over, 107–8, 122

  Ames, Gustavus, 258

  Ames, Oakes, 19, 335, 360, 364, 382

  congressional censure of, 375

  Crédit Mobilier and, 132, 190, 226, 227, 320, 336, 374–75

  on federal railroad bonds, 334

  on financial problems, 139, 359

  railroad loans made by, 106, 132, 140

  reputation of, 380–81

  on UP-CP rivalry, 255, 330, 331

  in UP management conflicts, 226–27, 329–30

  Ames, Oliver, 19, 364, 382

  arrest of, 336

  on construction profits vs. operations profits, 212, 226–27

  CP loan made by, 103, 106, 113

  CP-UP rivalry and, 313, 330

  Crédit Mobilier holdings of, 132, 190

  Durant ransomed by, 359–60

  financial management by, 277, 329, 330, 336, 342, 359

  Indian extermination advocated by, 266

  on land grant territories, 211–12

  railroad inspected by, 211

  reputation of, 380–81

  as UP president, 191, 211, 273, 275, 344

  on western construction limit, 255

  Ames shovels, 103, 137

  Antelope, 307

  Anthony, Susan B., 229

  Appalachian Mountains, 66, 67

  Arapaho, 130, 216, 265

  Army, U.S.:

  Indians suppressed by, 130–31, 141, 174, 183, 184, 211, 265

  railroad troop transport for, 184, 215, 345–46

  recruitment difficulties of, 211

  Western supply resources of, 60n

  Asia, U.S. trade with, 370, 371

  assembly-line work, 181

  Athearn, Robert, 187

  avalanches, 204–5

  Bailey, James, 71, 73, 74, 105, 113, 114

  Baltimore and Ohio, 66, 67, 99

  Bancroft, Hubert Howe, 74, 121, 248, 288, 308

  Barnard, George, 336, 339

  Barnes, James, 276

  Barney, Lewis, 284

  Beadle, J. H., 269, 324, 372

  Bear River, 202, 327, 337, 338, 344

  Bear River City, Wyo., 276

  Bell, Clark, 96

  Benét, Stephen Vincent, 217–18

  Benson, Ezra Taft, 290

  Benson, Farr & West, 290–91, 293, 316

  Benton, Thomas Hart,
49, 366

  Benton, Wyo., 262, 264, 269

  Berthoud Pass, 128

  Best Friend of Charleston, The, 27

  Big Fill, 332–33, 371

  Big Tent, 219

  Big Trestle, 338–39, 346, 348, 353

  Bissell, Hezekiah, 129, 172, 179, 256, 257, 260, 261

  Black Hills, UP route over, 210, 251, 254, 262, 340

  Blaine, James G., 94, 374

  blasting operations, 119–20, 138, 155, 156–58, 160–61, 199–201, 204, 231–32, 233–34, 235–36

  Blickensderfer, Jacob, 276

  Blind Tom (horse), 180

  Bloomer Cut, 119–20, 124, 148, 164

  Blue Goose, 199

  Blue Jay, 325

  boarding boss, 137

  boiler malfunction, 268–69, 326

  Boomer, L. B., 211, 276

  boomers, 182

  Booth, George, 363, 365

  Booth, Lucius, 71, 73, 105, 113

  Boutwell, George Sewall, 335

  Bowles, Samuel, 159, 169, 202, 218–19, 247–48, 269

  Boyd, J. E., 258

  Bradford, Sam, 363, 365

  brakemen, 24

  brakes, whistle down, 182

  bridges:

  over American River, 107–8, 122

  Big Trestle, 338–39, 346, 348, 353

  Civil War construction of, 96

  over Dale Creek, 221, 256, 258, 259–61, 262

  on fire, 24

  Howe truss used in, 26, 211

  at Loup Fork, 175, 187

  over Mississippi River, 30

  over Missouri River, 30, 188, 260, 373

  prefabricated sections for, 211

  in Sierra Nevada, 154–55

  as temporary structures, 288

  over Truckee River, 237

  weather damage to, 234, 361

  of wood vs. iron, 252, 261

  Brooks, B. S., 162

  Brooks, James, 374, 375

  Bross, William, 159

  Brown, Arthur, 198, 234–35, 302–3, 304

  Brown, Charles Leroy, 29

  Browne, Percy, 215, 216, 221, 223

  Browning, Orville Hickman, 238, 255, 261, 276, 305, 306, 313, 330–31, 333, 334

  Buchanan, James, 61, 65–66

  Buck, S. M., 201

  buffalo, 143, 173, 257, 267

  “Building of a Railway, The” (Clarke), 25

  bumper, 182

  Burch, John C., 59, 64–65, 66, 67

  Burnettizer, 139–40

  California:

  agriculture in, 229

  Chinese population of, 150–52, 161n, 164–65, 243

  CP route in, 343

  first railroad built in, 56–58

  gold discovered in, 30, 43, 48, 50, 52, 229

  immigration to, 53–55, 243, 362

  legislation on transcontinental railroad to, 61

  mountainous barrier to, 146

  railroad consolidation in, 246, 373, 379

  sea routes to, 48–53, 56

  state elections in, 74

  statehood of, 18

  transcontinental railroad link to, 250

  wagon journeys to, 44–47, 52

  California and Oregon Railroad, 246

  California Central Railroad, 246

  Campbell, Jim, 351

  Canadian Pacific, 17–18

  canals, 28

  Cape Horn, railroad work at, 156–57, 159, 198, 307

  Carnegie, Andrew, 270

  Carson, Kit, 45

  car toad, 182

  Casement, Dan, 330, 354, 382

  Civil War experience of, 18, 170–71

  at completion ceremony, 363, 367

  labor force maintained by, 179, 184, 211, 274, 277, 327, 329

  track-laying operations run by, 170, 173–74, 210, 212, 226, 273–74, 351, 353

  weather delays and, 207, 324–25

  Casement, John S. “Jack,” 330, 354, 382

  on alkali desert, 269

  background of, 170, 330

  Civil War experience of, 18, 170

  at completion ceremony, 363, 367

  construction workforce maintained by, 177, 179, 182, 184, 210, 211, 221, 274

  on finance problems, 330, 342

  Indian relations with, 209–10

  Julesburg vice activities quelled by, 220

  on living conditions, 169, 337

  on rate of progress, 227, 228, 262, 277, 337

  supply facilities built by, 190

  track-laying operations run by, 170, 171, 173–74, 208, 209, 210, 212, 226, 273–74, 275, 323–24, 346, 351, 353

  weather delays and, 207, 325, 361

  casting, 119

  cattle grazing, 267

  Central Pacific Railroad (CP):

  accidents on, 325–26

  bridges constructed by, 107–8, 154–55, 234, 237, 338–39

  camp train of, 313, 314

  Chinese construction workers on, 18, 21, 149–58, 159, 161–62, 164–65, 198, 204–5, 231, 240–42, 243, 247, 298, 300, 308, 310, 327, 378

  clearing of roadbeds for, 157–58

  codes used by, 292

  in completion ceremonies, 354, 360–62, 363–67

  congressional legislation on, 77–81, 155

  construction contracts of, 105–6, 288–90, 321, 342, 375

  construction schedule of, 81, 102, 107, 165, 166, 204, 206

  corporate management of, 19, 43, 106, 111, 112–13, 114, 115–16, 321

  costs of, 71, 78, 102, 104, 106, 124, 147, 155, 161, 163, 165, 187, 200, 230, 231, 235, 245, 246, 247–48, 300–303, 372

  county and municipal support of, 109, 148

  eastern limit of, 95, 104, 155, 193–94, 225, 238, 254–55, 288, 289, 291, 312, 313, 315–17, 326–27, 332, 335, 339–40, 341, 345, 358

  engineers of, 19, 105, 110, 114, 116, 118, 158

  establishment of, 70–74, 365

  financial management of, 102–3, 106, 110–11, 113, 121, 124, 147–49, 165–66, 196, 246–47, 298, 301, 321, 374

  first runs made on, 117–18, 121, 306–8

  freight and passenger rates charged by, 305

  government bonds for, 102, 108, 109, 121, 123, 148–49, 165, 166, 195, 230, 238, 245, 312, 313, 330–31, 333–35

  grading work on, 118, 119–20, 147, 155–57, 237, 288–92, 332–33, 341

  groundbreaking ceremony of, 89, 106–7

  highest altitude of, 206, 210, 244

  initial investors in, 70–73, 105, 106, 121, 122, 196–97, 360, 379–80

  inspections of, 158–60, 165, 297, 300, 311–12, 313–14

  labor on, 107, 110, 118–20, 121, 147–48, 149–50, 152–55, 163, 198, 204–5, 206, 210, 231–32, 233–34, 240–42, 243, 246, 247, 281, 289, 298, 300, 306, 311–12, 314–15, 332–33, 349, 354, 378

  land grants to, 101, 103, 124, 238

  lobbying by, 193, 321–22

  locomotives of, 102, 115, 117, 124, 147, 298, 307, 312, 325, 331–32, 361

  Mormon contractors used on, 288–90, 291–92

  new states served by, 18

  passenger service of, 121–22, 124, 148–49, 203, 306–8, 323, 360, 361

  photos of construction on, 122

  political attacks on, 305, 318–20, 373, 374

  profitability of, 104, 121–22, 124, 149, 166, 238, 306n–7n, 374

  promotional excursions of, 118, 120–21, 159

  quality vs. speed in building of, 117, 252, 297, 300, 312, 323, 338–39

  rates of progress on, 148–49, 155, 161, 165, 166, 195, 201, 203, 206, 230, 231, 236, 244–45, 247, 252, 297–301, 305–9, 310, 312, 315–17, 332, 345, 346–52

  rival railroads’ charges against, 111, 122–23

  rolling stock of, 124, 298

  route of, 98, 112, 124, 201–2, 237–38, 286, 299, 305, 306, 312, 313, 316–17, 319, 343

  Sacramento office of, 103–4

  Sierra Nevada route of, 19, 74–75, 109–10, 118, 162–63, 230, 231, 244, 247–48, 306–8, 343

  snow problems on, 147, 233, 234–3
5, 245, 302–4, 305, 323–24

  Southern Pacific as successor to, 165, 377–78, 379, 380

  speed of, 121, 323

  stock sales of, 124, 165–66, 230

  supply transport on, 19–20, 118, 147, 203, 206, 231, 234, 237, 249, 301, 308–10, 321, 331

  towns developed along, 304, 309, 311, 313

  track-laying on, 118, 244, 311–12, 315, 346–52

  tunnels built by, 20, 75, 78, 104, 124, 147, 155–56, 160–61, 196, 197, 202, 203, 204–5, 206, 207, 230, 231–32, 233–34, 235–36, 244, 291, 307

  UP rivalry with, 155, 193–94, 201, 203, 225, 230–31, 238–39, 241, 242–43, 244, 247, 248, 249, 252, 274, 277, 282–83, 290–92, 300, 304–5, 306, 313, 316–17, 322–23, 337–40, 341–42, 346–52, 362–63, 365, 371–72

  wagon road constructed for, 72, 76–77, 104, 111, 112, 195, 233

  water supplies of, 195–96, 202, 230, 237, 301, 309

  weather problems experienced by, 147, 195, 197–98, 203–6, 231, 232–34, 245, 296, 302–3, 305, 323–24, 331

  Chandler, Alfred D., 100

  Charles Crocker Contract and Finance Company, 105–6, 111, 165, 246–47, 321, 339, 375

  Chesapeake & Ohio, 379

  Cheyenne, Wyo., 220–21, 227, 228, 229, 251, 259, 263, 271

  Cheyennes, 130, 136, 172–73, 211, 214, 222, 225–26, 265

  Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad, 126

  Chicago and Northern Railroad, 254

  Chicago Howe Truss Bridge Company, 211

  Chinese workers:

  backgrounds of, 152–53

  blasting expertise of, 235, 236

  Cape Horn grading work of, 156–57

  China returned to by, 164, 165

  Cornish miners vs., 200

  on CP construction, 18, 21, 149–58, 159, 161–62, 164–65, 198, 204–5, 231, 240–42, 243, 247, 298, 300, 308, 310, 327, 378

  discrimination against, 150–51, 153, 378

  Dodge on, 349

  in domestic service, 151, 153

  after end of CP construction, 164–65

  fatalities of, 204, 205, 206, 236, 237

  food provided for, 161–62, 232, 289

  Indians feared by, 310

  industry of, 315

  Irish workers’ conflicts with, 327

  living conditions of, 161–62, 204, 231, 232

  numbers of, 198, 237, 298

  recruitment of, 243

  strike by, 240–42

  on Trans-Siberian Railway, 18

  wages of, 300

  white foremen as bosses of, 231, 311

  Chinn, Thomas W., 204

  Civil War:

  codes used in, 292

  end of, 133

  former slaves’ participation in, 86

  military railroad work in, 84–85, 96

  national optimism after, 253

  onset of, 41, 73, 74, 102