The Odyssey

West, J.B. Hainsworth, et al., eds. A Commentary on Homer's Odyssey. Vol. 1: Introduction and Books i-viii. Oxford, 1988.

Heubeck, A., and A. Hoekstra, eds. A Commentary on Homer's Odyssey. Vol. 2: Books ix-xvi. Oxford, 1989. For vol. 3, see Russo et al., below.

Hughes, B. Helen of Troy: Goddess, Princess, Whore. New York, 2005.

Johnston, S. I. The Restless Dead: Encounters between the Living and the Dead in Ancient Greece. Berkeley, CA, 1999.

Jong, I. J. F. de. A Narratological Commentary on the Odyssey. Cambridge, 2001.

Kahane, A. Homer: A Guide for the Perplexed. London, 2012.

*Latacz, J. Homer: His Art and His World. Trans. J. P. Holoka. Ann Arbor, MI, 1998.

Leaf, W., ed. Homer: The Iliad. 1886-88. 2nd ed. 2 vols. London, 1900-1902.

Lattimore, R., trans. The Odyssey of Homer. New York, 1965.

Lloyd-Jones, H. The Justice of Zeus. Berkeley, CA, 1971. Rev. ed., 1983.

Long, A.A. "Morals and Values in Homer." Journal of Hellenic Studies 90 (1970): 121-39.

Lord, A.B. The Singer of Tales. Cambridge, MA, 1960.

Malkin, I. The Returns of Odysseus: Colonization and Ethnicity. Berkeley, CA, 1998.

Mendelsohn, D. An Odyssey: A Father, a Son, and an Epic. New York, 2017.

Marincola, J. "Odysseus and the Historians." Syllecta Classica 18 (2007): 1-79.

Monro, D.B. Homer's Odyssey: Books XIII-XXIV. Oxford, 1901.

Most, G.W., trans. and ed. Hesiod. 2 vols. Vol. 1: Theogony, Works and Days, Testimonia. Vol. 2: The Shield, Catalogue of Women, Other Fragments. Cambridge, MA, 2006-7.

*Murray, A.T., trans. and ed. Homer: Odyssey. 1919. 2 vols. 2nd ed., rev. George E. Dimock. Cambridge, MA, 1995.

------, trans. and ed. Homer: Iliad. 1924. 2 vols. 2nd ed., rev. William F. Wyatt. Cambridge, MA, 1999.

Murray, G. The Rise of the Greek Epic. 4th ed. Oxford, 1934.

Nagy, G. Homer's Text and Language. Urbana, IL, 2004.

Olson S.D. Blood and Iron: Stories and Storytelling in Homer's Odyssey. Leiden, 1995.

*+Onians, R.B. The Origins of European Thought about the Body, the Mind, the Soul, the World, Time, and Fate. 1951. 2nd ed. Cambridge, 1954.

Osborne, R. Greece in the Making: 1200-479 BC. London, 1996.

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Index


NOTE


Some major entries consist of two sections: the first of events in order of occurrence, the second an alphabetically ordered selection of topics.





LOCATOR FORMATS AND SEQUENCE


Map: lowercase small roman numerals, e.g., xiimap Introduction: italic typeface

Translation: plain typeface in book/line format, e.g., 1.111

Synopsis: typeface italic

Glossary: bold typeface

Achaia, Achaians, ixmap; 11.166, 481; 13.249; 21.107; 23.68; 441; application of term, 2.7&n1; 441

Acheron, river of Hades, ixmap; 10.513&n5; 441

Achilleion, near Sigeion, 24.82n2

Achilles, son of Peleus, 441; Athene restrains, at Troy, 18-19; and Antilochos, 4.188n6; contest over arms, 11.544-56; 401; death and burial, 5; 3.109; 5.308-310; 24.35-97; 436-37; 450, 467; and Neoptolemos, 4.5n1; 11.492-93, 506-40; 401; 441, 467, 477; quarrel with Odysseus at feast of gods, 8.73-82; 388-89; 450; sea raiding, 3.106; shade in underworld, 24.15, 19-98; 436-37, (meeting with Odysseus) 11.467-540; 401; 441, 467, 481

Achilles, son of. See Neoptolemos action, density of, 12-13

Adreste, 4.122-23

adultery, fines for, 8.332-33, 346-56; 390

Aegean Sea, xmap; 441

aegis, 22.297-98; 432; 441

Aeschylus; reading of ex halos, 11.134n2

Aethiopis, 5; 445

Agamemnon, king of Mykenai, 15-17; 441-42; death, 17; 1.35-43; 3.193-94, 234-35; 4.512-37&n11; 11.397-434, 439, 452-53; 24.20-22, 95-97, 199-202; 375, 378, 380-81, 400, 437; 442, 459, 461, (chronology) 16, 17; 3.255-57, 275n3; 7.295n5; 460, (see also under Aigisthos; Klytaimnestra; Menelaos); grave mound in Egypt, 4.584-85; 381; and Iphigeneia, 16-17; 459; Odysseus saved from similar fate, 13.383-84; 406; 442-43; Orestes avenges, 17; 1.30, 40-41, 298-300; 3.195-98, 306-10; 4.546-47; 375, 378, 381; 442, 460, 470; return from Troy delayed to offer sacrifice, 3.135-50, 155-56; 377; shade in underworld, 16, 17; 11.387-464; 24.19-98, 102-204, (and Achilles' shade) 24.19-98; 436-37, (and Amphimedon's shade) 24.102-204; 437-38, (contrasts Klytaimnestra with Penelope) 17; 11.441-56; 24.192-202; 438, (Odysseus meets) 11.387-464; 400; 442, 481, (on own death) 11.405-34; 24.95-97, 199-202; 442, (on women's untrustworthiness) 11.441-56; 400; 442; and Trojan War, 8.77-81; 14.70, 116-17; 24.115-19&n3; 389, 437; and Zeus, 24.24-25; 436

Agelaos, son of Damastor, 20.320-37; 22.131-34, 212-23, 241, 247-54, 292-93, 327; 427, 432; 442

agkon, 14.494&n5

agriculture. See farming

Aiaia, 442; events on, 10.135-574; 11.70-78; 12.1-152; 395, 401-2; location, 10.507-8; 12.3-4; 442; mythical nature, 14. See also Kirke Aiakos, grandfather of Achilles, 11.471; 442

Aias (1), son of Telamon, 442, 481; at Troy, 5; 3.109; 442; shade in Underworld, 11.469-70, 543-64; 24.17-18; 401, 436; 442, 481

Aias (2), son of Oileus, 4.499-511&n10; 5.108n3; 380; 442, 460

Aidon, daughter of Pandareus, 11.265n3

Aietes, king of Kolchis, 10.137-39; 12.70; 442

Aigai, 5.381

Aigisthos, 15-17; 1.29-46; 3.247-75, 301-10; 442-43; seduction of Klytaimnestra, 17; 3.262-75&n3; 378; 442; killing of Agamemnon, 17; 1.35-46; 3.194, 234-35; 4.91-92, 518-37; 11.409-34; 24.20-22, 95-97; 375, 378, 381, 400; 442-43; marriage to Klytaimnestra, rule in Mykenai, 16, 17; 1.36-46; 3.255-75, 303-5; 7.259n5; 378; 442; killing by Orestes, 17; 1.298-300; 3.195-98, 306-10; 4.546-47; 375, 378, 381; 442, 470

------. and Atreus' crimes, 442; chronology of events, 16, 17; 3.255-57, 275n3; 7.259n5; 460; epithet amumon, 16; 1.29&n1

Aigyptios, an Ithakan, 2.15-34; 376

Aigyptos; used to signify the Nile (q.v.), 451

Aiolos, Aiolia, 6-7; 10.1-79; 11.237; 23.314-16; 394-95, 436; 443

Aison, king of Iolkos, 11.259; 443

Aithiopes, -ians, 1.22-26; 4.84; 5.282, 287; 384; 443. See also Memnon Aithon (Odysseus' assumed name), 19.183-84; 423

Aitolian, fugitive on Ithake, 14.378-85

Akarnania, ixmap; 443

Akastos, king of Doulichion, 14.336; 451

Akroneos, 8.111

Aktor, daughter of, 23.227-29; 435

Alektor, daughter of, 4.10

Alexandros. See Paris/Alexandros Alkandre, wife of Polybos, 4.125-32

Alkinoos, king of Phaiakians, 6.12; 443; and Nausikaa's trip to washing troughs, 6.49-71; 385; Odysseus comes to house, 6.194-97, 251-315, 316-331; 7.14-77, 81-85, 133-54; 386-87; reception of Odysseus, 7.167-206, 230-334; 387-88; at assembly, 8.1-7, 24-45; 388; hosts feasting and games for Odysseus, 8.37-45, 56-104, 233-55, 385-97; 388-89; organizes guest-gifts, 8.385-97, 420-43, 430-32; 390-91; and Odysseus' story, 8.534-86; 11.347-76; 391, 400; proposes further gifts, 13.1-15; 404; and Odysseus' departure, 3; 13.20-25, 37-39, 49-52, 64-65; 404

------. ancestry, 7.54-63; gift-giving, 3; 8.385-97, 420-43; 11.350-61; 13.1-15; 390, 391, 400, 404; house described, 7.81-132; 387; irony, 14; 11.356-76; 443; king's share of profits, 7.10-11; Odysseus would be welcome son-in-law, 20; 7.311-16; 388; 466-67; on oracle foretelling Poseidon's revenge, 13.171-83; 404-5; sons, 6.62-65; 7.4-6; 8.419-21, (see also Halios; Klytoneos; Laodamas); tact and understanding, (defuses argument) 8.233-55; 389, (and Nausikaa) 6.66-70, (and Odysseus' distress) 8.93-104, 532-45, 577-86; 389, 391; weakness compared to wife, 6.308-15; 446; wife. See Arete Alkippe, 4.124

Alkmaion, 15.248; 443

Alkmene, 2.120-21&n2; 11.266-68; 399; 444

Aloeus, 11.305

Alpheios, river and god, ixmap; 3.489; 15.187; 444

Alybas (fictitious place in Sicily), 24.304-6&n5; 438

amber, 15.460; 18.295-96; 421

ambiguity of language, 12

ambrosia, 4.445-46; 5.93, 199; 9.359; 12.62-65; 380; and beauty, 8.364-65; 18.190-94&n6; epithet ambrosios, 5.45; 24.59, (of night) 4.429&n9, 574; 7.283; 9.404; 15.8

Amnisos, xmap; 19.188-89; 423; 444

Amphialos, son of Polyneos, 8.114, 128

Amphiaraos, 15.244-47&n5, 253; 444, 479, 452

Amphilochos, 15.248

Amphimedon, 22.241-45, 277-78, 284; 432; shade in underworld, 24.102-204; 437-38; 444

Amphinomos, son of Aretias, 16.351-57, 394-405; 18.118-57; 414, 420; Penelope enjoys conversation, 16.397-98; 444; opposes plans to kill Telemachos, 16.400-406; 20.244-47; 427; 444; kind to beggar/Odysseus, who attempts to warn him, 18.119-50, 395, 412-22, 424; 420, 422; death, 18.155-56; 22.89-96, 246n3; 420, 431; 444

Amphion, son of Iasos, 11.283-84&n6

Amphion, son of Zeus and Antiope, 11.262-65&n3; 19.522n16; 399; 444, 466

Amphithee, wife of Autolykos, 19.416-17

Amphitrite, 3.91&n2; 4.404n8; 5.422; 12.60, 97; 444

Amphitryon, 11.266, 270; 399

Amythaon, 11.259

Anabesineos, 8.113

Anchialos, a Phaiakian, 8.112

Anchialos, lord of the Taphians, 1.180, 264, 418

anchor stones, 9.137; 15.498

anenue (backwards movement of head in negation), 21.129&n6

animal husbandry, 2; Libyan sheep, 4.85-89. See also under Ithake; Polyphemos Antikleia, mother of Odysseus, 11.84-89, 141-224; 23.325; 398, 399, 436; 444-45

Antiklos, 4.285-89

Antilochos, 445; burial, 24.78-79; 437; 445; family remember, 3.111-12; 4.186-202&n6; 379; shade in underworld, 11.468; 24.16; 401, 436; 445

Antinoos, 445; argues with Telemachos, 1.383-98; 376; tells assembly of Penelope's deception, 2.84-128; 376; and Telemachos' journey to Peloponnese, 2.301-22; 4.628-47; 377, 381; 445; and plan to kill Telemachos, 4.660-72, 773-78; 16.363-92, 416-33; 381-82, 414; 445; and Odysseus disguised as beggar, 17.374-464, 472-88; 417-18; 445; and fight between Odysseus and Iros, 18.34-49, 78-87, 118-19; 419; initiates suitors' gifts to Penelope, 18.284-94; 421; on need to put up with Telemachos, 20.270-75; 427; and contest of the bow, 21.83-100, 140-43, 167-80, 186-87, 256-68, 277-80, 287-310; 429, 430; 445; death, 22.8-23; 24.179-80; 431, 437; 445; Eurymachos tries to lay blame on, 22.48-53; 431

------. character, 5; 2.85-128; 445; father. See Eupeithes; Odysseus' cover story to, 14; 17.412-44; 417; Penelope's opinion of, 17.500; 418; on Penelope's shrewdness, 2.120-21; 444; Telemachos makes flattering reference, 18.65

Antiope, 11.260-65; 19.522n16; 399; 445

Antiphates, a Laistrygonian, and family, 10.105-18, 198-99; 395

Antiphates, son of Melampous, 15.242-43

Antiphos, an Ithakan, 17.67-71

Antiphos, son of Aigyptios, Odysseus' crew-member, 2.17-20; 376

Aornos, river of Hades, 10.514n5

Apeire, 7.8, 9

Apheidas (fictitious Sicilian), 24.305

Aphrodite, 445-46; and Ares, 8.266-366; 390; 446; erotic euphemisms, 22.444; 445-46; Helen blames for her actions, 4.261-62; as Kythereia, 8.288&n2; 18.193-94&n7; 462; and Pandareus' daughters, 20.68-69, 73-74; Penelope compared to, 17.37&n1; 19.54; sanctuary at Paphos, 8.362-63; 390; 449, 470; yardstick for beauty, 4.14; 17.37&n1; 19.54

Apollo, 446; and Amphiaraos, 15.244-45; and Aphrodite's affair with Ares, 8.323, 334-37; 390; bringer of death, 3.278-83; 11.318; 15.409-11; 17.251-52; and Delphic oracle, 8.79-81; 11.581n11; 389; epithet kourotrophos, guide and protector of young men, 19.86&n2; and Eurytos, 8.226-28; 389; grove on Ithake, 20.277-78; Maro, priest at Ismaros, 9.197-211; 392; and Niobe, 11.265n3; and prophecy, 8.79-81; 15.252

Apollonios of Rhodes, 4, 23

appearance, changes in: Odysseus' disguised entry into Troy, 4.240-58. See also Athene (forms taken by; Laertes rejuvenated by; and Odysseus; and Penelope) apple trees, 7.115, 120; 24.340-42; 387

apteros (unwinged, of words), 17.57&n2; 19.29; 21.386; 22.398

archery: aristocratic disdain for, 468-69; Herakles' prowess, 8.223-25; 389; Odysseus' bow, 21.11-41, 393-403; 22.119-21; 428, 430-31; Odysseus' prowess, 8.215-28; 21.393-427; 22.1-21, 81-82, 116-21; 389, 430-31; 457, 468-69; poisoned arrows, 1.260-64; 468-69. See also bow, contest of Ares: and Aphrodite, 8.266-366; 390; 446; and warfare, 8.115, 517; 11.537; 14.216; 16.269

Arete, wife of Alkinoos, queen of Phaiakians, 7.53-77; 443, 446; ancestry, 7.53-66, 146; 387; 446; authority, 6.308-15; 7.66-74; 13.56-60; 446; and domestic matters, 6.51-53, 75-80; 7.335; and Odysseus, 8.420-57; 13.56-60, 66; 388, 391, 404, (he supplicates her) 6.303-15; 7.139-52; 386, 387, (and his story) 7.230-345; 11.335-41; 387-88, 400

Arethousa, spring of, on Ithake, 13.408

Aretos, son of Nestor, 3.414, 440-42

Argo, 8; 12.66-72&n1; 402; 442, 459, 463

Argolid, ixmap; 446

Argos, city, ixmap; 446-47; Diomedes' home, 3.181; 378; 447; 'horse-grazing', 3.263; 4.99, 562; 15.239, 274; Iasian, 18.246; 447; Melampous in, 15.238-42; Theoklymenos on run from, 15.224, 272-74; 410; used of Greece as a whole, 18.246; 24.37; 447; used of Peloponnese, 3.251, 263; 4.99, 562; 447, 457, (in formula 'Hellas and mid-Argos') 1.344; 4.726, 816; 15.80; 457

Argos, hound of Odysseus, 2; 17.291-327; 416

Argos, monster; Hermes' epithet as slayer of, 1.38; 5.43&n1, 49, 75, 94; 458

Argives; application of term, 447

Ariadne, 11.321-25&n8; 400; 447, 450

aristocracy: and archery, 468-69; Eumaios' innate, 14.48&n1, 140-43; 15.413-14; 453; Melanthios apes, 17.220, 222; 20.180-82; 465. See also honor, code of Arkeisios, father of Laertes, 4.755; 14.182; 16.118; 412; 462

arm; agkon as 'bent', 14.494&n5

armor: Herakles' golden baldric, 11.609-14; for killing of suitors, 22.121-25, 138-202; 432

arms. See armor; bow, contest of; swords; weapons Arneios, beggar. See Iros

Arnold, Matthew, 20

Artakie, Laistrygonian spring, 10.107-8

Artemis, 447; and Ariadne, 11.324-25&n8; bringer of death, 11.172-73, 324-25&n8; 15.478; 20.60-90; 447, (kindly) 5.123-24, 409-11; 18.202; epithet, 'of the golden distaff', 4.122; Nausikaa likened to, 6.102-9, 150-52; 385, 386; and Niobe, 11.265n3; and Pandareus' daughters, 20.71; Penelope and, 17.37&n1; 19.54; 20.60-90; 426; in simile, as huntress, 6.102-4; 447; yardstick of beauty, 17.37&n1; 19.54

Arybas, 15.426

Asopos, river and god, ixmap; 11.260; 447

aspen leaves, in simile, 7.106; 387

Asphalion, 4.216-17

asphodel, 11.539, 573; 24.13; 456, 481

assemblies; of Ithakans, 2.1-259; 376; of dead suitors' kinsmen, 24.419-62; 439

Asteris, islet near Ithake, 4.844-47; 383

Astyanax, son of Hektor, 467

Astyoche, wife of Telephos, 11.521n10

Athene, 447-48; pleads Odysseus' case with Zeus, 1.44-62, 80-95; 375; 482; flies to Ithake, 3; 1.95-103; 375; advises Telemachos to go to Peloponnese, 1.93-323, 404-20; 375; helps prepare for journey, 19; 2.260-95, 382-406, 416-21; 377; in Pylos with Telemachos, 16; 3.1-31, 51-63, 225-38, 330-37, 371-85; 4.653-56; 377, 378, 381; reassures Penelope, 4.751-53, 760-67, 787-841; 382, 383; Zeus agrees to her helping Odysseus and Telemachos, 5.5-28; 383; and Odysseus' journey to Scheria, 6; 5.382-87, 427, 436-37, 491-92; 385; and Odysseus' meeting with Nausikaa, 6, 19; 6.2-3, 13-47; 110-14; 229-35; 381, 385, 386; assists Odysseus on Scheria, 6.321-31; 7.14-81; 8.7-23, 193-200; 13.299-302; 386-87, 388, 389, 405; advises Odysseus on arrival on Ithake, 8-9; 13.187-96, 221-438; 405-6; brings Telemachos home from Sparta, 9; 13.412-27, 439-40; 15.1-43, 292; 406, 409; and Odysseus' reunion with Telemachos, 16.155-77, 207-12; 412-13; support against suitors, 16.233-35, 260-69, 282, 297-98&n2, 454-59; 17.360-64&n3; 18.69-70; 18.155-56; 412-13, 414, 417, 419, 420; prompts Penelope to appear, 18.158-62, 187-97; 420; 447; heartens Odysseus and Telemachos, 18.346-48; 19.33-43; 421, 422; prevents Penelope recognizing Odysseus, 19.476-79; 424; supports Odysseus, 20.30-55, 284-86; 425-26, 427; arouses hysteria among suitors, 20.345-46&n2; 428; and killing of suitors, 22.205-40, 273, 297-98; 24.443-49; 432; and Odysseus' reunion with Penelope, 20; 23.156-63, 240-46, 344-48; 435, 436; and Odysseus' visit to Laertes, 23.371-72; 24