Team of Rivals

  “they did not mean…all colors everywhere”: AL, “Speech at Springfield, Illinois,” June 26, 1857, in CW, II, p. 406.

  “penetrate the human soul”: AL’s reply, “First Debate with Stephen A. Douglas at Ottawa, Illinois,” August 21, 1858, in CW, III, p. 29.

  “all this quibbling…men are created equal”: AL, “Speech at Chicago, Illinois,” July 10, 1858, quoted by Stephen Douglas in his reply, “Sixth Debate with Stephen A. Douglas at Quincy, Illinois,” October 13, 1858, in ibid., p. 263.

  “practical recognition of our Equality”: Frederick Douglass, quoted in David W. Blight, Frederick Douglass’ Civil War: Keeping Faith in Jubilee (Baton Rouge and London: Louisiana State University Press, 1989), p. 16.

  “the first great man…the colored race”: Frederick Douglass, “Lincoln and the Colored Troops,” in Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln, ed. Rice, p. 323.

  “having strong sympathies…and so on”: AL’s reply, “Seventh and Last Debate with Stephen A. Douglas at Alton, Illinois,” October 15, 1858, in CW, III, p. 300.

  “whole town…human beings”: Eyewitness at Alton debate, quoted in The Lincoln-Douglas Debates, ed. Holzer, p. 322.

  “More than a thousand…he ever made”: Koerner, Memoirs of Gustave Koerner, Vol. II, pp. 66–68.

  The “real issue…same tyrannical principle”: AL’s reply, “Seventh and Last Debate with Stephen A. Douglas at Alton, Illinois,” October 15, 1858, in CW, III, p. 315.

  He drew up…“to be struggled for”: AL, “1858 Campaign Strategy,” [July? 1858], in CW, II, pp. 476–81 (quote p. 479).

  “We are in…must be left undone”: AL to Gustave P. Koerner, July 25, 1858, in ibid., p. 524.

  Chase came to Illinois: Niven, Salmon P. Chase, p. 210; Blue, Salmon P. Chase, pp. 118–19.

  a gesture Lincoln would not forget: AL to SPC, April 30, 1859, in CW, III, p. 378; AL to Samuel Galloway, March 24, 1860, in CW, IV, p. 34.

  a dreary day, November 2, 1858: Illinois State Journal, Springfield, Ill., November 3, 1858.

  Lincoln anxiously awaited the returns: Baringer, Lincoln’s Rise to Power, p. 43; Oates, With Malice Toward None, p. 173.

  “by the gerrymandering…Republican votes”: Koerner, Memoirs of Gustave Koerner, Vol. II, p. 68.

  John Crittenden: Fehrenbacher, Prelude to Greatness, p. 118.

  “Thousands of Whigs…influence of Crittenden”: WHH to Theodore Parker, November 8, 1858, quoted in Baringer, Lincoln’s Rise to Power, p. 49.

  “The emotions of defeat…anything dishonorable”: AL to John J. Crittenden, November 4, 1858, in CW, III, pp. 335–36.

  “I am glad…after I am gone”: AL to Anson G. Henry, November 19, 1858, in ibid., p. 339.

  “must not be surrendered…hundred defeats”: AL to Henry Asbury, November 19, 1858, in ibid., p. 339.

  “You will soon…have fun again”: AL to Charles H. Ray, November 20, 1858, in ibid., p. 342.

  CHAPTER 7: COUNTDOWN TO THE NOMINATION

  “decided impression…candidate for the presidency”: Jesse W. Fell, quoted in Oldroyd, comp., The Lincoln Memorial, p. 474.

  “so much better known…you or anybody else”: AL, quoted by Jesse W. Fell, quoted in ibid., pp. 474, 476.

  when the Republican editor…“for the Presidency”: Thomas J. Pickett to AL, April 13, 1859, Lincoln Papers.

  “I certainly am…fit for the Presidency”: AL to Thomas J. Pickett, April 16, 1859, in CW, III, p. 377.

  Certain that Seward…overseas for eight months: Luthin, First Lincoln Campaign, p. 31.

  “All our discreet friends…recess of Congress”: WHS to George W. Patterson, April 6, 1859, quoted in Van Deusen, William Henry Seward, p. 196.

  Fanny Seward desolate…approaching departure: April 1859 entries, Frances (Fanny) Adeline Seward diary, reel 198, Seward Papers [hereafter Fanny Seward diary, Seward Papers].

  description of Fanny Seward, literary pursuits: Johnson, “Sensitivity and Civil War,” pp. 27, 76–78, 83–84.

  “‘my affinity’…instead of speak”: Fanny Seward, quoted in ibid., p. 55.

  Seward in Europe: Seward, Seward at Washington…1846–1861, pp. 362–436.

  prepared a major address: Taylor, William Henry Seward, pp. 115–16.

  Henry Stanton later…“posterity together”: Stanton, Random Recollections, pp. 212–13.

  “I wish it were over”: FAS to William H. Seward, Jr., February 29, 1860, reel 115, Seward Papers.

  Fanny…seated in the gallery: Entry for February 29, 1860, Fanny Seward diary, Seward Papers.

  “The whole house…was very still”: Entry for February 29, 1860, Fanny Seward diary, Seward Papers.

  Seward took as his theme: WHS, February 29, 1860, Congressional Globe, 36th Cong., 1st sess., pp. 910–14.

  “‘the irrepressible conflict’…the political aspirants”: Bancroft, The Life of William H. Seward, Vol. I, p. 519.

  “differences of opinion…always of their wants”: WHS, February 29, 1860, Congressional Globe, 36th Cong., 1st sess., pp. 912–14.

  produced deafening applause: Entry for February 29, 1860, Fanny Seward diary, Seward Papers; Baringer, Lincoln’s Rise to Power, pp. 197, 198; Van Deusen, William Henry Seward, p. 220.

  half a million copies were circulated: Van Deusen, William Henry Seward, p. 219.

  “killed Seward with me forever”: Cassius Marcellus Clay, The Life of Cassius Marcellus Clay. Memoirs, Writings, and Speeches, Showing His Conduct in the Overthrow of American Slavery, the Salvation of the Union, and the Restoration of the Autonomy of the United States (n.p.: J. Fletcher Brennan & Co., 1886; New York: Negro Universities Press/Greenwood Publishing Corp., 1969), pp. 242–43.

  “as an intellectual…agrees with me”: CS to Duchess Elizabeth Argyll, March 2, 1860, reel 74, Sumner Papers.

  “From the stand-point…matter of party justice”: Frederick Douglass, “Mr. Seward’s Great Speech,” Douglass’ Monthly (April 1860).

  “I hear of ultra…equally satisfactory”: Samuel Bowles to TW, March 5, 1860, quoted in Barnes, Memoir of Thurlow Weed, p. 260.

  “seems to be…set toward Seward”: Bancroft, The Life of William H. Seward, Vol. I, p. 519.

  Weed assured him that everything was in readiness: TW to WHS, May 2, 6, and 8, 1860, reel 59, Seward Papers.

  “oceans of money”: Halstead, Three Against Lincoln, p. 162.

  a longing for political office: Glyndon G. Van Deusen, Horace Greeley: Nineteenth-Century Crusader, (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1953), pp. 116–17, 185–86; Thurlow Weed, “Recollections of Horace Greeley,” Galaxy 15 (March 1873), pp. 379–80.

  Greeley’s plaintive letter to Seward: Horace Greeley to WHS, November 11, 1854, reel 48, Seward Papers.

  “full of sharp, pricking thorns”: WHS to TW, November 12, 1854, quoted in Seward, Seward at Washington…1846–1861, p. 239.

  mistakenly assumed…“mortal offense”: Carpenter, “A Day with Governor Seward,” Seward Papers.

  “insinuated…to the nomination”: Henry Raymond, quoted in Barnes, Memoir of Thurlow Weed, p. 274.

  Weed had a long talk with Greeley…“all right”: WHS to home, Seward, Seward at Washington…1846–1861, p. 395.

  Weed’s failure to meet…Seward relayed the message: WHS to TW, March 15, 1860, quoted in Barnes, Memoir of Thurlow Weed, p. 261.

  Seward’s visit to Lochiel: WHS to TW, April 11, 1859, Weed Papers; Lee F. Crippen, Simon Cameron, Antebellum, The American Scene: Comments and Commentators series (Oxford, Ohio, 1942; New York: Da Capo Press, 1972), p. 209.

  “He took me…to embarrass me”: WHS to TW, April 11, 1859, Weed Papers.

  “an honest politician…stays bought”: Simon Cameron, quoted in Macartney, Lincoln and His Cabinet, p. 46.

  “so much money…man in Pennsylvania”: NYT, June 3, 1878.

  Cameron’s political offices: Macartney, Lincoln and His Cabinet, p. 26.

  his “legislative child”: Hendrick, Lincoln’s War Cabinet, p. 53.

>   People’s Party state convention: Crippen, Simon Cameron, Ante-bellum Years, pp. 201, 205.

  Andrew Curtin…challenging Cameron: Hendrick, Lincoln’s War Cabinet, pp. 55–56.

  Chase and the Baileys…“in European tradition”: Niven, Salmon P. Chase, pp. 61, 123, 140–41 (quote p. 140).

  “detestable” Know Nothings: Gamaliel Bailey to SPC, November 27, 1855, reel 10, Chase Papers.

  “in the presidential…other man”: Gamaliel Bailey to SPC, June 26, 1855, reel 10, Chase Papers.

  “observing the signs…integrity or my friendship”: Gamaliel Bailey to SPC, January 16, 1859, reel 12, Chase Papers.

  “I do not doubt…spontaneous growth”: SPC to Gamaliel Bailey, January 24, 1859, reel 12, Chase Papers.

  “a slip of your pen…as a friend”: Gamaliel Bailey to SPC, January 30, 1859, reel 12, Chase Papers.

  preferred the unrealistic…on the first ballot: Hiram Barney to SPC, November 10, 1859, reel 13, Chase Papers.

  Failing once again to appoint: Donnal V. Smith, “Salmon P. Chase and the Election of 1860,” OAHQ 39 (July 1930), p. 520.

  He rejected an appeal from a New Hampshire supporter: Amos Tuck to SPC, March 14, 1860, reel 13, Chase Papers.

  He never capitalized…a series of letters: Reinhard H. Luthin, “Pennsylvania and Lincoln’s Rise to the Presidency,” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 67 (January 1943), p. 66; SPC to Hiram Barney, September 22, 1860, reel 13, Chase Papers; Smith, “Salmon P. Chase and the Election of 1860,” OAHQ (1930), pp. 520–21; Luthin, “Salmon P. Chase’s Political Career Before the Civil War,” MVHR (1943), p. 531.

  “I now begin…but he works”: James M. Ashley to SPC, April 5, 1860, reel 13, Chase Papers.

  “I shall have nobody…of the State”: SPC to Benjamin Eggleston, May 10, 1860, reel 13, Chase Papers.

  “The Ohio delegation…as yet”: Erastus Hopkins to SPC, May 17, 1860, reel 13, Chase Papers.

  “in a position…to occupy”: SPC to Benjamin R. Cowen, May 14, 1860, reel 13, Chase Papers.

  Kate convinced her father: Ross, Proud Kate, p. 42.

  Seward was very kind…“good deal of joking”: SPC to James A. Briggs, April 27, 1860, reel 13, Chase Papers (quote); WHS to FAS, April 27, 1860, quoted in Seward, Seward at Washington…1846–1861, p. 447.

  organized a party…“two rivals within”: WHS to FAS, April 28, 1860, quoted in Seward, Seward at Washington…1846–1861, p. 447.

  the Blairs threw…“well-cultivated”: WHS to FAS, April 29, 1860, quoted in ibid., p. 448.

  “attention to Katie…kind to me”: SPC to Janet Chase Hoyt, May 4, 1860, reel 13, Chase Papers.

  “Everybody seems…confidence in me”: SPC to James A. Briggs, April 27, 1860, reel 13, Chase Papers.

  “a great change…I was in Washington”: SPC to James A. Briggs, May 8, 1860, reel 13, Chase Papers.

  But he never left his home state…to visit him: See entries from January to May 1860 in The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866; Cain, Lincoln’s Attorney General, p. 95.

  “the first…two years”: Entry for February 22, 1860, in The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866, p. 101.

  his distance from the fierce arguments of the fifties: Introduction, ibid., p. xii.

  his “views and opinions…of the country”: Entry for April 20, 1859, in ibid., p. 1.

  The New York Whigs…“sectional prejudice”: EB to Whig Committee of New York, February 24, 1859, reprinted in entry for April 20, 1859, in ibid., pp. 1–9 (quotes pp. 1–2).

  “denouncing…the Republican party”: Entry for April 27, 1859, in ibid., p. 12.

  confirmed Bates’s…“well enough alone”: Entry for December 17, 1859, in ibid., pp. 78–79.

  “brighter every day”: Note of February 2, 1860, added to entry for January 28, 1860, in ibid., p. 94.

  “made up of ‘Bates men’”: Entries for February 25 and March 1, 1860, in ibid., pp. 102 (quote), 107.

  “good feeling…support Lincoln”: Entry for April 26, 1860, in ibid., p. 122.

  “would be the best…the South of it”: AL to Richard M. Corwine, April 6, 1860, in CW, IV, p. 36.

  endorsements by conventions: Entries for March 1 and March 13, 1860, in The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866, pp. 106, 108 (quote p. 106).

  the German-American contingent…party in 1856: Reinhard H. Luthin, “Organizing the Republican Party in the ‘Border-Slave’ Regions: Edward Bates’s Presidential Candidacy in 1860,” Missouri Historical Review 38 (January 1944), pp. 149–50.

  Blair suggested a questionnaire: Parrish, Frank Blair, p. 82.

  “beaten with…into the quicksands”: Joseph Medill, quoted in O. J. Hollister, Life of Schuyler Colfax (New York and London: Funk & Wagnalls, 1886), p. 147.

  Bates’s response to questionnaire: EB to Committee of the Missouri Republican Convention, March 17, 1860, reprinted in The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866, pp. 111–14.

  responses to Bates’s statement: See Cain, Lincoln’s Attorney General, pp. 104–05.

  “as a clap…a clear sky”: Lexington [Mo.] Express, reprinted in Daily Missouri Republican, St. Louis, Mo., April 5, 1860.

  “just as good…the Southern Conservatives”: Louisville [Ky.] Journal, extracted in the [Indianapolis] Daily Journal, quoted in Luthin, “Organizing the Republican Party in the ‘Border-Slave’ Regions,” MHR (1944), p. 151.

  “agitators…peace of our Union”: Memphis Bulletin, reprinted in Missouri Republican, St. Louis, Mo., March 31, 1860.

  Bates himself…“a good many papers”: Entry of April 7, 1860, in The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866, p. 118.

  “knowing the fickleness…a failure”: Entry of February 28, 1860, in ibid., pp. 105–06.

  “neither on the left…dead center”: Fehrenbacher, Prelude to Greatness, p. 147.

  “fairly headed off…of ultimate extinction”: AL to John L. Scripps, June 23, 1858, in CW, II, p. 471.

  He arranged to publish: Baringer, Lincoln’s Rise to Power, pp. 128, 137, 171; Donald, Lincoln, p. 237.

  nearly two dozen speeches: Fehrenbacher, Prelude to Greatness, pp. 143–44; Baringer, Lincoln’s Rise to Power, chapter 3.

  “I think it is…into Liberty”: James A. Briggs to AL, November 1, 1859, Lincoln Papers.

  The crowds that greeted…“many a day”: Janesville Gazette, quoted in Baringer, Lincoln’s Rise to Power, pp. 110–11 (quote p. 110).

  “Douglasism…of Republicanism”: AL to SPC, September 21, 1859, in CW, III, p. 471.

  stop was Cincinnati: Baringer, Lincoln’s Rise to Power, pp. 103–07.

  “greeted with…rising star”: Dickson, “Abraham Lincoln in Cincinnati,” Harper’s New Monthly (1884), p. 65.

  Lincoln’s speech in Cincinnati: AL, “Speech at Cincinnati, Ohio,” September 17, 1859, in CW, III, p. 454.

  “as an effort…had ever heard”: Cincinnati Gazette, reprinted in Illinois State Journal, Springfield, Ill., October 7, 1859.

  Lincoln’s crowded schedule…“the women come”: Joshua F. Speed to AL, September 22, 1859, Lincoln Papers.

  “Your visit to Ohio…in your favor”: Samuel Galloway to AL, October 13, 1859, Lincoln Papers.

  “We must take…are my choice”: Samuel Galloway to AL, July 23, 1859, Lincoln Papers.

  “to hedge against…we shall disagree”: AL to Schuyler Colfax, July 6, 1859, in CW, III, pp. 390–91.

  Colfax appreciated…“throughout the Union”: Schuyler Colfax to AL, July 14, 1859, Lincoln Papers.

  “with foolish pikes”: Stephen Vincent Benét, John Brown’s Body (New York: Henry Holt & Co., 1927; 1955), p. 52.

  John Brown at Harpers Ferry: See chapter 19 of Stephen B. Oates, To Purge This Land with Blood: A Biography of John Brown (New York: Harper & Row, 1970), pp. 290–306.

  “I am waiting…& of humanity”: John Brown to his family, November 30, 1859, quoted in Oswald Garrison Villard, John Brown, 1800–1859: A Biography Fifty Years After (Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1910), p. 551.
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  the dignity…eloquence of his statements: Villard, John Brown, 1800–1859, pp. 538–39.

  His death…“resolutions were adopted”: Potter, The Impending Crisis, 1848–1861, p. 378.

  “sent a shiver of fear…woman, and child”: Press and Tribune, Chicago, October 22, 1859.

  “Harper’s Ferry…dissolution must ensue”: Richmond Enquirer, November 25, 1859.

  “like a great…that abyss”: Craven, The Growth of Southern Nationalism, p. 309.

  “Weird John Brown”: Herman Melville, “The Portent,” in Battle-Pieces and Aspects of the War, reprinted in The Poems of Herman Melville, rev. edn., ed. Douglas Robillard (Kent, Ohio, and London: Kent State University Press, 2000), p. 53.

  “I do not exaggerate…in great numbers”: Robert Bunch, December 9, 1859, quoted in Laura A. White, “The South in the 1850’s as Seen by British Consuls,” Journal of Southern History I (February 1935), p. 44.

  “for seditious…in a good cause”: Editor’s description of St. Louis News article of November 23, 1859, pasted in entry of November 23, 1859, in The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866, p. 65.

  “the natural fruits…his subordinates”: Charleston [S.C.] Mercury, December 16, 1859.

  “one hundred gentlemen”…and Colfax: Advertisement by “Richmond,” quoted in Seward, Seward at Washington…1846–1861, p. 440.

  “The first overt act…the Shenandoah”: NYH, October 19, 1859.

  “necessary and just”: WHS, “The State of the Country,” February 29, 1860, in Works of William H. Seward, Vol. IV, p. 637.

  “seeking to plunge…universal condemnation”: Albany Evening Journal, October 19, 1859.

  “the wild extravagance…a madman”: Entry of October 25, 1859, in The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866, pp. 50–51.

  He discussed the incident…“his [dagger]”: Entry of November 21, 1859, in ibid., p. 63.

  “for a household…attempted to do”: Janet Chase Hoyt, “A Woman’s Memories. Salmon P. Chase’s Home Life,” NYTrib, February 15, 1891.

  Lincoln was back on the campaign trail: Baringer, Lincoln’s Rise to Power, p. 124; entry for December 2, 1859, Lincoln Day by Day, Vol. II, pp. 266–67.

  “the attempt…electioneering dodge”: “Second Speech at Leavenworth, Kansas,” December 5, 1859, synopsis of speech printed in the Leavenworth Times, December 6, 1859, in CW, III, p. 503.