Team of Rivals

  “On the contrary…war against them”: AL to Henry J. Raymond, November 28, 1860, in ibid., p. 146.

  “has eyes…does not hear”: AL, quoted in Oates, With Malice Toward None, p. 213.

  “blaze of passion…offended deity”: William Smedes to Henry J. Raymond, December 8, 1860, enclosed in Raymond to AL, December 14, 1860, Lincoln Papers.

  “What a very mad-man…forgery out and out”: AL to Henry J. Raymond, December 18, 1860, in CW, IV, p. 156.

  the “Great Secession Winter”: See Henry Adams, The Great Secession Winter of 1860–61 and Other Essays, ed. George Hochfield (New York: Sagamore Press, 1958).

  “no compromise…any time hereafter”: AL to Lyman Trumbull, December 10, 1860, in CW, IV, pp. 149–50.

  “fugitive slaves…amongst us”: AL to WHS, February 1, 1861, in ibid., p. 183.

  “the Constitution should”…Fugitive Slave Law be repealed: Footnote to AL, “Resolutions Drawn up for Republican Members of Senate Committee of Thirteen,” [December 20, 1860], in ibid., p. 157n.

  Seward agreed…John Crittenden: WHS to AL, December 26, 1860, Lincoln Papers.

  The Crittenden Compromise: Potter, The Impending Crisis, 1848–1861, pp. 531–32.

  “the slightest…Loyalty stronger”: WHS to AL, December 26, 1860, Lincoln Papers.

  three federal forts…all three were in its domain: Entry for December 22, 1860, in Long, The Civil War Day by Day, p. 14.

  three commissioners…Buchanan administration: Thomas and Hyman, Stanton, p. 95.

  “From the first…the federal government”: JGN to TB, December 30, 1860, container 2, Nicolay Papers.

  “to surrender…hang him!”: JGN to [TB?], December 22, 1860, container 2, Nicolay Papers.

  “to either hold… may require”: AL to Elihu B. Washburne, December 21, 1860, in CW, IV, p. 159.

  “vying”…bolster Buchanan’s will: Thomas and Hyman, Stanton, pp. 91, 93 (quote).

  Anderson preempted…Castle Pinckney: Entries for December 26 and 27, 1860, in Long, The Civil War Day by Day, pp. 15–16.

  Buchanan agreed…and headed north: Entries for January 2, 5, 8, and 9, 1861, in Long, The Civil War Day by Day, pp. 21–24; entries for January 4 and 5, 1860, Lincoln Day by Day, Vol. III, p. 3.

  “a feverish excitement”: WHS to AL, December 28, 1860, Lincoln Papers.

  Edwin Stanton…“traitors and spies”: Edwin L. Stanton, quoted in George C. Gorham, Life and Public Services of Edwin M. Stanton, Vol. I (2 vols., Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin and The Riverside Press, 1899), p. 168.

  If Maryland and Virginia…“& the navy”: Stephen H. Phillips to Horace Gray, January 31, 1861, Papers of Horace Gray, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.

  “be made to believe… this danger”: EMS to SPC, January 23, 1861, reel 14, Chase Papers.

  “came to a momentous…for him to turn”: Thomas and Hyman, Stanton, pp. 98 (first quote), 99 (second quote), 100.

  Watson would call…“discussed and settled”: Henry Wilson, “Jeremiah S. Black and Edwin M. Stanton,” Atlantic Monthly 26 (October 1870), p. 465.

  “At length I have gotten…prudence is omitted”: WHS to AL, December 29, 1860, Lincoln Papers.

  “treason is all around and amongst us”: WHS to FAS, December 29, 1860, quoted in Seward, Seward at Washington…1846–1861, p. 488.

  “abettors near the President”: WHS to TW, December 29, 1860, quoted in ibid., p. 487.

  Stanton secretly spread word: Thomas and Hyman, Stanton, pp. 108, 110, 111; Henry Wilson, “Edwin M. Stanton,” Atlantic Monthly 25 (February 1870), p. 237.

  “By early disclosure…enemies of their country”: Henry L. Dawes, “Washington the Winter Before the War,” Atlantic Monthly 72 (August 1893), p. 163.

  Stanton invited Sumner to his office: Thomas and Hyman, Stanton, p. 111; Wilson, “Jeremiah S. Black and Edwin M. Stanton,” Atlantic Monthly (1870), p. 466.

  “found and read…place of deposit”: Dawes, “Washington the Winter Before the War,” Atlantic Monthly (1893), p. 163.

  “held the key to all discontent”: “Two Manuscripts of Gideon Welles,” ed. Muriel Bernitt, New England Quarterly XI (September 1938), p. 589.

  “came to be regarded…Republican party”: Wilson, “Jeremiah S. Black and Edwin M. Stanton,” Atlantic Monthly (1870), p. 465.

  “By common consent…ruler of the country”: Adams, The Great Secession Winter, p. 22.

  “Never in the history…from Lincoln himself”: Chicago Tribune, January 17, 1861.

  “The families of nearly”…Jefferson Davis: NYTrib, January 19, 1861.

  “No man was…his every word”: Boston Atlas and Bee, reprinted Cincinnati Commercial, January 20, 1861.

  “to set forth…destruction would involve”: NYT, January 14, 1861.

  of “perpetual civil war…everything is lost”: WHS, January 12, 1861, Congressional Globe, 36th Cong., 2nd sess., p. 342.

  “difficult to restrain…his handkerchief”: Boston Atlas and Bee, reprinted Cincinnati Commercial, January 20, 1861.

  “to meet prejudice…shall have ended”: WHS, January 12, 1861, Congressional Globe, 36th Cong., 2nd sess., pp. 343–44.

  five Southern senators: See farewell remarks of Senators Yulee, Mallory, Clay, Fitzpatrick, and Davis, January 21, 1861, Congressional Globe, 36th Cong., 2nd sess., pp. 484–87; entry for January 21, 1861, in Long, The Civil War Day by Day, pp. 28–29.

  “inexpressibly sad”: William C. Davis, Jefferson Davis: The Man and His Hour (New York: HarperCollins, 1991), pp. 295–96 (quote p. 296).

  “in a state…on despair”: NYT, January 23, 1861.

  “I am sure…wish you well”: Farewell remarks of Jefferson Davis, January 21, 1861, Congressional Globe, 36th Cong., 2nd sess., p. 487.

  Seward himself had visited…Democrats and Republicans: Davis, Jefferson Davis, p. 261.

  “Your man outtalked…but I didn’t”: Ishbel Ross, First Lady of the South: The Life of Mrs. Jefferson Davis (New York: Harper & Bros., 1958), p. 85.

  “Mrs Jef asked me…bonds between us”: EBL to SPL, December 17, 1860, in ed. Laas, Wartime Washington, p. 18.

  packed up their belongings…“ended in Washington”: Margaret Leech, Reveille in Washington, 1860–1865 (New York: Harper & Row, 1941; New York: Carroll & Graf, 1991), p. 31.

  His “great wish…of the disunionists”: Adams, The Great Secession Winter, pp. 13, 14.

  “As an indication…of every section”: NYT, January 14, 1861.

  “many are sanguine…tide of secession”: NYT, January 16, 1861.

  “fought…took new courage”: Adams, The Great Secession Winter, p. 23.

  “Secession has run its course”: Entry for February 20, 1861, Diary of George Templeton Strong. Vol. III: The Civil War, 1860–1865, ed. Allan Nevins and Milton Halsey Thomas (New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1952), p. 100.

  “for the new Administration…to subside”: WHS to FAS, January 23, 1861, quoted in Seward, Seward at Washington…1846–1861, p. 497.

  “I deplore S[eward]’s speech”: CS to John Jay, January 17, 1861, reel 74, Sumner Papers.

  “read me his speech…no such thing”: CS to Samuel Gridley Howe, January 17, 1861, reel 64, Sumner Papers.

  “seeks to purchase peace…years war”: Thaddeus Stevens to SPC, February 3, 1861, reel 14, Chase Papers.

  “What do you think…be found wanting”: Carl Schurz to his wife, February 4, 1861, in Carl Schurz, Intimate Letters of Carl Schurz, 1841–1869, trans. and ed. Joseph Schafer, orig. published as Vol. XXX of the Collections of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1928 (New York: Da Capo Press, 1970), pp. 242–43.

  “There he was…left him at Auburn”: Adams, Jr., Charles Francis Adams, 1835–1915, p. 79.

  “Eloquent as your speech…of your dangers”: FAS to WHS, January 19, 1861, reel 14, Seward Papers.

  “I am not surprised…most effective weapons”: WHS to FAS, quoted in Seward, Seward at Washington…1846–1861, pp. 496–97.

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nbsp; “It will do…by and with”: TW to WHS, January 19, 1861, reel 61, Seward Papers.

  “In the cars…jealousies and hatreds”: TW to WHS, February 14, 1861, reel 61, Seward Papers.

  “Your recent speech…over the country”: AL to WHS, January 19, 1861, in CW, IV, p. 176.

  “he had heard from…on it at present”: Entry of February 5, 1861, Charles Francis Adams diary, reel 76.

  “Seward made all…says so openly”: Carl Schurz to his wife, February 9, 1861, in Schurz, Intimate Letters of Carl Schurz, 1841–1869, p. 247.

  CHAPTER 11: “I AM NOW PUBLIC PROPERTY”

  Mary journeyed to New York: Turner and Turner, Mary Todd Lincoln, p. 69; Randall, Mary Lincoln, pp. 192–94.

  “wild to see”: MTL to Adeline Judd, June 13, 1860, in Turner and Turner, Mary Todd Lincoln, p. 64.

  fêted by merchants…“an obsession”: Randall, Mary Lincoln, p. 192.

  “Could he…disgrace the Nation?”: Elizabeth Todd Grimsley, “Six Months in the White House,” Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society XIX (October 1926–January 1927), p. 44.

  “outward appearance…Presidential father”: Entries for January 23–25, 1861, Lincoln Day by Day, Vol. III, p. 7; Villard, Lincoln on the Eve of ’61, p. 55 (quote).

  decided to rent out their house: Turner and Turner, Mary Todd Lincoln, p. 72.

  “the most brilliant…in many years”: Entry for February 6, 1861, Lincoln Day by Day, Vol. III, p. 9; Villard, Lincoln on the Eve of ’61, p. 63 (quote).

  “with a rope around…tar and feathers”: Villard, Lincoln on the Eve of ’61, pp. 52–53.

  he sought places to isolate himself: WHH, quoted in Miller, Lincoln’s Virtues, p. 442; Villard, Lincoln on the Eve of ’61, pp. 57–58.

  “unusually grave…old and faithful friends”: Villard, Lincoln on the Eve of ’61, p. 64.

  farewell to his beloved stepmother…father’s grave: Ibid., pp. 55–56.

  “If I live…nothing had ever happened”: AL, quoted in Donald, Lincoln, p. 272.

  packed his own trunk…“Washington, D.C.”: Weik, The Real Lincoln, p. 307.

  “His face was pale…a single word”: Villard, Lincoln on the Eve of ’61, p. 71.

  “My friends…an affectionate farewell”: AL, “Farewell Address at Springfield, Illinois [A. Version],” February 11, 1861, in CW, IV, p. 190.

  “As he turned…the silent gathering”: NYH, February 12, 1861.

  the luxurious presidential car…president-elect: Randall, Mary Lincoln, p. 202.

  “sat alone and depressed”: Villard, Lincoln on the Eve of ’61, p. 73.

  “forsaken…hilarious good spirits”: “Indianapolis Correspondence, 11 February 1861,” in Hay, Lincoln’s Journalist, p. 24.

  Jefferson Davis was beginning: Entries for February 11 and 18, 1861, in Long, The Civil War Day by Day, pp. 35–36, 38–39; Davis, Jefferson Davis, pp. 304–07; The Papers of Jefferson Davis. Vol. VII: 1861, ed. Lynda Lass-well Crist and Mary Seaton Dix (Baton Rouge and London: Louisiana State University Press, 1992), p. 46.

  Lincoln’s spirits began to revive…thirty-four guns: Villard, Lincoln on the Eve of ’61, pp. 76, 77.

  “the cheers”…before leaving Springfield: “Indianapolis Correspondence, 11 February 1861,” in Hay, Lincoln’s Journalist, pp. 25 (quote), 27.

  a direct, powerful talk…“free-love arrangement”: AL, “Speech from the Balcony of the Bates House at Indianapolis, Indiana,” February 11, 1861, in CW, IV, p. 195.

  “shaken off…tragedy would have been”: “Cincinnati Correspondence, 12 February 1861,” in Hay, Lincoln’s Journalist, p. 28.

  fêted in the state Capitol…his election official: Entry for February 13, 1861, Lincoln Day by Day, Vol. III, p. 13.

  “The votes have been…was no enemy”: FWS to Anna (Wharton) Seward, February 14, 1861, reel 116, Seward Papers.

  “have passed the 13th…people have chosen”: WHS to home, quoted in Seward, Seward at Washington…1846–1861, p. 505.

  “full evening dress”…lavish military ball: Entry for February 13, 1861, Lincoln Day by Day, Vol. III, p. 13.

  he danced with Chase’s lovely daughter: This story was told to the author by a tour guide at the Ohio State House during a visit to Columbus, Ohio, in 1998.

  “Mrs. Lincoln was piqued…at Washington”: “Kate Chase in 1893,” Star clipping, KCS vertical file, DWP.

  Never comfortable with extemporaneous speech: Harold Holzer, “Avoid Saying ‘Foolish Things’: The Legacy of Lincoln’s Impromptu Oratory,” in “We Cannot Escape History”: Lincoln and the Last Best Hope of Earth, ed. James M. McPherson (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1995), pp. 105–21.

  “there is really…will come to an end”: AL, “Speech at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,” February 15, 1861, in CW, IV, p. 211.

  “he should hardly…did not want to”: AL, “Remarks at Ashtabula, Ohio,” February 16, 1861, in ibid, p. 218.

  he kissed Grace Bedell: Entry for February 16, 1861, Lincoln Day by Day, Vol. III, p. 14.

  “a continuous carnival…grand popular ovation”: “Indianapolis Correspondence, 11 February 1861,” in Hay, Lincoln’s Journalist, p. 23.

  Every glimpse of Mary: Entry for February 19, 1861, Lincoln Day by Day, Vol. III, p. 18.

  “are rapidly reducing…frivolous and uncertain”: Entries for February 16 and 20, 1861, Charles Francis Adams diary, reel 76.

  “observed the utmost…his administration”: Nicolay, A Short Life of Abraham Lincoln, p. 170.

  “the man does not…the foot down firmly”: AL, “Address to the New Jersey General Assembly at Trenton, New Jersey,” February 21, 1861, in CW, IV, p. 237.

  “lifted his foot”…continue his remarks: “Philadelphia Correspondence, 21 February 1861,” in Hay, Lincoln’s Journalist, p. 40.

  “consent to…Union itself was made”: AL, “Reply to Mayor Fernando Wood at New York City,” February 20, 1861, in CW, IV, p. 233.

  “never had a feeling…to surrender it”: AL, “Speech in Independence Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,” February 22, 1861, in ibid., p. 240.

  the Baltimore plot: See Isaac H. [sic] Arnold, “Plot to Assassinate Abraham Lincoln,” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine 37 (June 1868), pp. 123–28.

  “This…in the afternoon”: Ward Hill Lamon, Recollections of Abraham Lincoln, 1847–1865, ed. Dorothy Lamon Teillard (n.p.: A. C. McClurg & Co., 1895; 1911; Lincoln, Nebr., and London: University of Nebraska Press, 1994), p. 39.

  Fred was in the Senate gallery…“‘let you know in the morning’”: Seward, Seward at Washington…1846–1861, pp. 509–10.

  Pinkerton insisted…in the afternoon as scheduled: Turner and Turner, Mary Todd Lincoln, p. 78.

  “side-tracked…Capitol came in sight”: Lamon, Recollections of Abraham Lincoln, pp. 40, 45.

  had “crept into Washington”: EMS, quoted in Helen Nicolay, Our Capital on the Potomac (New York and London: Century Co., 1924), p. 358.

  A scurrilous rumor spread…a long military cloak: Thomas, Abraham Lincoln, p. 244.

  “It’s to be hoped…on his Administration”: Entry for February 23, 1861, Diary of George Templeton Strong, Vol. III, p. 102.

  “Genl Jackson…where he left”: MB to AL, December 8, 1860, Lincoln Papers.

  had rented a private house: Lamon, Recollections of Abraham Lincoln, p. 34; Leech, Reveille in Washington, p. 36.

  “now public property…he is inaugurated”: TW, quoted in Lamon, Recollections of Abraham Lincoln, p. 34.

  “The truth is…have access to me”: Ibid., p. 35.

  “the President-elect…met him at the depot”: Seward, Seward at Washington…1846–1861, p. 511.

  “much out of breath…arrival of the train”: “Seward and Lincoln: The Washington Depot Episode,” University of Rochester Library Bulletin (Spring 1965), p. 33.

  “a virtuoso performance”: Daniel W. Crofts, “Secession Winter: William Henry Seward and the Decision for War,” New York History 65 (July 1984), p. 248.

>   breakfasted together…“pâté de foie gras”: Leech, Reveille in Washington, p. 8.

  “tall awkward Irishman…loud & unrefined”: Harriet Lane to unknown recipient, February 24, 1861, reel 3, Papers of James Buchanan and Harriet Lane Johnston, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.

  Seward shepherded Lincoln…conversation with Scott: Star, February 23 and 25, 1861.

  Lincoln had promised Weed and Seward: Crofts, “Secession Winter,” New York History (1984), p. 248.

  “living position in the South”: AL to WHS, January 12, 1861, in CW, IV, p. 173.

  “to grieve…in hostility”: WHS to AL, January 15, 1861, Lincoln Papers.

  he had met with a delegation…he reached Washington: Baringer, A House Dividing, pp. 289–90 (quote p. 289); James Millikin to Simon Cameron, February 22, 1861, in Concerning Mr. Lincoln: In Which Abraham Lincoln is Pictured as he Appeared to Letter Writers of His Time, comp. Harry E. Pratt (Springfield, Ill.: Abraham Lincoln Association, 1944), pp. 57–60; Titian J. Coffey to Simon Cameron, February 22, 1861, in ibid., pp. 60–63.

  Lincoln rested…his old adversary: Entry for February 23, 1861, Lincoln Day by Day, Vol. III, p. 21; Sandburg, Abraham Lincoln: The War Years, Vol. I, p. 90; Star, February 25, 1861.

  “The Blairs…they undertake”: AL, quoted in “[9 December 1863, Wednesday],” in Hay, Inside Lincoln’s White House, p. 123.

  Blairs had been appalled…aggression from the South: FPB to AL, January 14, 1861, Lincoln Papers.

  “that one Southern man…to despise”: MB to Gustavus V. Fox, January 31, 1861, reprinted in Confidential Correspondence of Gustavus Vasa Fox, Assistant Secretary of the Navy, 1861–1865, Vol. I, ed. Robert Means Thompson and Richard Wainwright, orig. published as Vols. IX–X of the Publications of the Naval History Society, 1920 (Freeport, N.Y.: Books for Libraries Press, 1972), pp. 4–5.

  “In your cabinet…for the succession”: FPB to AL, January 14, 1861, Lincoln Papers.

  “four carriages…considerable swearing”: Star, Washington, D.C., February 25, 1861.

  Seward’s home for a dinner: Entry for February 23, 1861, Lincoln Day by Day, Vol. III, p. 21; Van Deusen, William Henry Seward, pp. 265–68.