Team of Rivals

  “in the hands…malignant Democrats: Benjamin Wade, paraphrased in ibid., p. 240.

  “had been disgraced”: Ibid., p. 241.

  “lukewarmness…of him unperceived”: Entry for December 19, 1862, in The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866, p. 269.

  “shocked and grieved…confidence and zeal”: Entry for December 19, 1862, Welles diary, Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 195.

  “earnest and sad…nor passionate”: Entry for December 19, 1862, in The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866, p. 269.

  “expressed his satisfaction…interview”: Fessenden, Life and Public Services of William Pitt Fessenden, Vol. I, pp. 242–43.

  “he must work it out…on the matter”: “30 October 1863, Friday,” in Hay, Inside Lincoln’s White House, p. 104.

  He sent notices…and “good feeling”: Entry for December 19, 1862, Welles diary, Vol. I (1960 edn.), pp. 194–95.

  “could not afford to lose”: Entry for December 19, 1862, in The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866, p. 269.

  “possible for him”…was forced to acquiesce: Entry for December 19, 1862, Welles diary, Vol. I (1960 edn.), pp. 195–96 (quote p. 195).

  Lincoln began…“a reasonable consideration”: Entry for December 20, 1862, ibid., p. 196; Fessenden, Life and Public Services of William Pitt Fessenden, Vol. I, p. 243 (quote).

  “all had acquiesced…once decided”: Entry for December 20, 1862, Welles diary, Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 196.

  He went on to defend Seward…Emancipation Proclamation: Fessenden, Life and Public Services of William Pitt Fessenden, Vol. I, pp. 243–44, 245–46.

  “the whole Cabinet…and energetic action”: Entry for December 20, 1862, Welles diary, Vol. I (1960 edn.), pp. 196–97.

  Blair followed…“plural Executive”: Ibid., p. 197.

  “had differed much…matters of that kind”: MB, paraphrased in Fessenden, Life and Public Services of William Pitt Fessenden, Vol. I, p. 245.

  Bates expressed…as did Welles: Entry for December 19, 1862, in The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866, p. 270.

  As he contemplated…“regard to his Cabinet”: Entry for December 20, 1862, Welles diary, Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 199.

  “he should not have come”…that substantially strengthened it: SPC, paraphrased in Fessenden, Life and Public Services of William Pitt Fessenden, Vol. I, pp. 244, 246.

  Neither Stanton nor Smith: Ibid., p. 249.

  Lincoln asked each…would be made: Ibid., pp. 246–49; Nicolay and Hay, Abraham Lincoln, Vol. VI, p. 266.

  When Collamer…“He lied”: Jacob Collamer, quoted in entry for December 22, 1862, in Browning, The Diary of Orville Hickman Browning, Vol. I, p. 603.

  Lincoln agreed…tell the truth!: AL, paraphrased by Robert Todd Lincoln, in Nicolay, Personal Traits of Abraham Lincoln, pp. 159–60.

  Welles paid an early call…where he found Stanton: Entry for December 20, 1862, Welles diary, Vol. I (1960 edn.), pp. 199–200.

  “Suppose you…be left in it?”: EMS, quoted in Seward, Seward at Washington…1861–1872, p. 147.

  Welles told Seward…“greatly pleased”: Entry for December 20, 1862, Welles diary, Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 200.

  Monty Blair entered…Seward’s resignation: Seward, Seward at Washington…1861–1872, p. 147.

  When Welles returned…hand in his own resignation: Entry for December 20, 1862, Welles diary, Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 201.

  Word had already leaked…“course of difficulties”: Henry Cooke to Jay Cooke, December 20, 1862, in Oberholtzer, Jay Cooke, pp. 224, 226 (quotes p. 226).

  “had been painfully…neither of you longer”: Entry for December 20, 1862, Welles diary, Vol. I (1960 edn.), pp. 201–02.

  Lincoln wrote a letter…“your Departments respectively”: AL to WHS and SPC, December 20, 1862, in CW, VI, p. 12.

  “Seward comforts…deems a necessity”: Entry for December 23, 1862, Welles diary, Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 205.

  “Yes, Judge…end of my bag!”: AL, quoted in Seward, Seward at Washington…1861–1872, p. 148.

  “I have cheerfully…to your command”: WHS to AL, December 21, 1862, Lincoln Papers.

  “come as soon as possible”: Entry for December 22, 1862, Fanny Seward diary, Seward Papers.

  “Will you allow me…than in your cabinet”: SPC to AL, December 20, 1862, Lincoln Papers.

  When Chase received…return to the Treasury: SPC to AL, December 22, 1862, Lincoln Papers.

  “Seward was feeling…had been for weeks”: Entry for December 23, 1862, Welles diary, Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 205.

  Seward magnanimously invited…Christmas Eve: SPC to FWS, December 24, 1862, reel 24, Chase Papers.

  “a triumph over…drive him out”: JGN to TB, December 23, 1862, container 2, Nicolay Papers.

  Chase declined…“his hospitality”: SPC to FWS, December 24, 1862, reel 24, Chase Papers.

  “she regretted”…exception of Monty Blair: EBL to SPL, January 14, [1863], in Wartime Washington, ed. Laas, p. 231.

  a visit to a Georgetown spiritualist…“had success”: Entry for January 1, 1863, in Browning, The Diary of Orville Hickman Browning, Vol. I, pp. 608–09.

  “I do not now see…I put it through”: “30 October 1863, Friday,” in Hay, Inside Lincoln’s White House, p. 104.

  CHAPTER 19: “FIRE IN THE REAR”

  a “general air of doubt”: NYT, December 27, 1862.

  “Will Lincoln’s…Nobody knows”: Entry for December 30, 1862, Diary of George Templeton Strong, Vol. III, p. 284.

  As Frederick Douglass…give up ground: Douglass’ Monthly (October 1862).

  The final proclamation…“upon this act”: Allen C. Guelzo, Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation: The End of Slavery in America (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2004), pp. 178–81, 254–60 (quotes p. 260); entry for December 31, 1862, Welles diary, Vol. I (1960 edn.), pp. 210–11.

  On the morning…fitful sleep: Quarles, Lincoln and the Negro, p. 140; Guelzo, Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation, p. 181.

  He then met with General Burnside…offered to resign: Conversations with Lincoln, ed. Charles M. Segal (1961; New Brunswick, N.J., and London: Transaction Publishers, 2002), pp. 232–34 (quote p. 232); Donald, Lincoln, pp. 409–11.

  he would replace Burnside with “Fighting Joe” Hooker: Entry for January 25, 1863, in Lincoln Day by Day, Vol. III, p. 165.

  A West Point graduate…at Antietam: “Hooker, Joseph (1814–1879),” in Sifakis, Who Was Who in the Union, pp. 199–200.

  Seward returned…for correction: Guelzo, Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation, p. 181.

  New Year’s reception…“trimming on the waist”: Entry for January 1, 1863, Fanny Seward diary, Seward Papers.

  “looking like a fairy queen”: EBL to SPL, January 1, 1863, in Wartime Washington, ed. Laas, p. 224.

  “Oh how pretty she is”: Entry for January 1, 1863, Fanny Seward diary, Seward Papers.

  the gates to the White House…shake the president’s hand: Noah Brooks, Mr. Lincoln’s Washington: Selections from the Writings of Noah Brooks, Civil War Correspondent, ed. P. J. Staudenraus (South Brunswick, N.J.: Thomas Yoseloff, 1967), pp. 58–60.

  “grievously altered…cavernous eyes”: Ibid., p. 29.

  “his blessed…People’s Levee”: Ibid., p. 60.

  “Oh Mr. French…remain until it ended”: Benjamin B. French, quoted in Randall, Mary Lincoln, p. 320.

  At Chase’s mansion…“china, glass, and silver”: Brooks, Mr. Lincoln’s Washington, pp. 61–62.

  “little, aristocratic”…years as a lawyer: Ibid., p. 176.

  Stanton’s salary…Ellen’s dreams: Thomas and Hyman, Stanton, p. 392.

  At 2 p.m…. soon joined him: Guelzo, Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation, p. 182.

  he “took a pen”…put the pen down: Carpenter, Six Months at the White House, p. 269.

  “I never…signing this paper”: AL quoted in Seward, Seward at Washington…1861–1872, p. 151.

  “If my name…soul is in it”: Car
penter, Six Months at the White House, p. 269.

  “stiff and numb”: Seward, Seward at Washington…1861–1872, p. 151.

  “If my hand trembles…‘He hesitated’”: Carpenter, Six Months at the White House, p. 269.

  “slowly and carefully”…sent out to the press: Seward, Seward at Washington…1861–1872, p. 151.

  “Has Lincoln played false to humanity?”: Entry for January 1, 1863, in Adam Gurowski, Diary from November 18, 1862 to October 18, 1863. Vol. II. Burt Franklin: Research & Source Works #229 (New York, 1864; New York: Burt Franklin, 1968), p. 61.

  At Tremont Temple…Anna Dickinson: Frederick Douglass, Life and Times of Frederick Douglass, Written by Himself (1893 edn.), reprinted in Frederick Douglass, Autobiographies. Library of America Series (New York: Literary Classics of the United States, 1994) p. 790 (quote); Boston Journal, January 2, 1863; Boston Transcript, January 2, 1863.

  At the nearby Music Hall…Oliver Wendell Holmes: Boston Journal, January 2, 1863; Boston Post, January 2, 1863; Quarles, Lincoln and the Negro, p. 143.

  “Every moment…one other chance”: Douglass, Life and Times of Frederick Douglass, p. 791.

  “had absolutely no foundation…to the quick”: Helm, The True Story of Mary, pp. 208–09.

  Mary had rushed…the joyous occasion: MTL to CS, December 30, 1862, in Turner and Turner, Mary Todd Lincoln, p. 144.

  “was becoming agony…joy and gladness”: Douglass, Life and Times of Frederick Douglass, p. 791.

  “It was a sublime…with us, here”: Eliza S. Quincy to MTL, January 2, 1863, Lincoln Papers.

  a crowd of serenaders…in securing their freedom: Guelzo, Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation, p. 186; NYT, January 3, 1863 (quote).

  “Whatever partial…goes backward”: Boston Daily Evening Transcript, January 2, 1863.

  “Strange phenomenon…in all future ages”: James A. Garfield to Burke Hinsdale, January 6, 1863, quoted in Theodore Clarke Smith, The Life and Letters of James Abram Garfield. Vol. I: 1831–1877 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1925), p. 266.

  “Fellow-citizens…the latest generation”: AL, “Annual Message to Congress,” December 1, 1862, in CW, V, p. 537.

  “had done nothing…will be realized”: AL, paraphrased in Joshua F. Speed to WHH, February 7, 1866, in HI, p. 197.

  “discord in the North…spirit of the nation”: Louisville Journal, quoted in Boston Post, January 2, 1863.

  “union and harmony…destruction”: WHS to FS, September 1862, quoted in Seward, Seward at Washington…1861–1872, p. 135.

  “It is my conviction…sustained it”: AL, quoted in Carpenter, Six Months at the White House, p. 77.

  “slavery and quiet… by tremendous majorities”: Walt Whitman, “Origins of Attempted Secession,” The Complete Prose Works of Walt Whitman, Vol. II (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons/The Knickerbocker Press, 1902), p. 155.

  “A man watches…strong enough to defeat the purpose”: AL, quoted in Carpenter, Six Months at the White House, p. 77.

  Horatio Seymour denounced…inaugural message: Guelzo, Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation, p. 187.

  James Robinson recommended: NYT, January 10, 1863.

  Democratic legislatures…“crusade against Slavery”: Oliver P. Morton to EMS, February 9, 1863, reel 3, Stanton Papers, DLC.

  “under the subterfuge…oppose the War”: JGN to TB, January 11, 1863, container 2, Nicolay Papers.

  The “fire in the rear”: AL, quoted in CS to Francis Lieber, January 17, 1863, quoted in Edward L. Pierce, Memoir and Letters of Charles Sumner. Vol. IV: 1860–1874 (Boston: Roberts Brothers, 1893), p. 114.

  Army of the Potomac into winter quarters…“Valley Forge of the war”: McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, pp. 586–88, 590 (quote).

  Copperheads: McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, pp. 493, 591, 593, 600; John C. Waugh, Reelecting Lincoln: The Battle for the 1864 Presidency (New York: Crown Publishers, 1997), p. 91.

  “fearfully changed”…a piercing shriek: Brooks, Mr. Lincoln’s Washington, pp. 105–06.

  “Ought this war”…then let her go: Clement L. Vallandigham, “The Constitution—Peace—Reunion,” January 14, 1863, Appendix to the Congressional Globe, 37th Cong., 3rd sess. pp. 55, 57–59 (quotes on p. 55).

  The time had come…let her go: Brooks, Mr. Lincoln’s Washington, p. 70.

  Saulsbury…removed from the Senate floor: Ibid., pp. 87–88.

  “baneful…only for the negro”: Andrew H. Foote, paraphrased in entry for January 9, 1863, in Browning, The Diary of Orville Hickman Browning, Vol. I, p. 611.

  Orville Browning, who considered…“the government”: Entry for January 26, 1863, in ibid., p. 620.

  “conversed with…will re enlist”: Entry for January 29, 1863, in ibid., pp. 620–21 (quotes p. 621).

  “the alarming condition…a fixed thing”: Entry for January 19, 1863, in ibid., p. 616.

  “the democrats would soon…leave them”: Entry for January 26, 1863, in ibid., p. 620.

  “The resources…can be maintained”: AL, “To the Workingmen of London,” February 2, 1863, in CW, VI, pp. 88–89.

  the people’s representatives had passed: See Curry, Blueprint for Modern America.

  “the grandest pledge…means to prevail”: NYT, February 20, 1863.

  “largest popular gathering…home of the brave”: NYT, April 21, 1863.

  “the greatest popular…in Washington”: Daily Morning Chronicle, Washington, D.C., April 1, 1863.

  Lincoln was dressed…of his father’s embrace: Jane Grey Swisshelm, quoted in St. Cloud [Minn.] Democrat, April 9, 1863, in Frank Klement, “Jane Grey Swisshelm and Lincoln: A Feminist Fusses and Frets,” Abraham Lincoln Quarterly 6 (December 1950), pp. 235–36.

  Lincoln sent a telegram to Thurlow Weed…“and so I sent for you”: AL, quoted in Barnes, Memoir of Thurlow Weed, pp. 434–35.

  The amount needed was $15,000: Ibid., p. 435; AL to TW, February 19, 1862, in CW, VI, pp. 112–13.

  “to influence…Connecticut elections”: Entry for February 10, 1863, Welles diary, Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 235.

  “a stunning blow to the Copperheads”: NYT, April 8, 1863.

  “puts the Administration…seas to the end”: NYT, April 9, 1863.

  “frightened”…depress voter sentiment: JH to Mrs. Charles Hay, April 23, 1863, in Hay, At Lincoln’s Side, p. 38.

  “I rejoiced…the War commenced”: EMS to Isabella Beecher Hooker, May 6, 1863, in Wolcott, “Edwin M. Stanton,” p. 160.

  “The feeling of…everywhere manifest”: JGN to TB, March 22, 1863, container 2, Nicolay Papers.

  “The glamour…the denunciations”: Brooks, Mr. Lincoln’s Washington, p. 138.

  when Lincoln engaged…“be crippled”: Entry for January 17, 1863, Fanny Seward diary, Seward Papers.

  “Well…not one has got there yet”: AL, quoted in “Personal,” Daily Morning Chronicle, Washington, D.C., May 2, 1863.

  “smoking cigars…‘good victuals’”: Brooks, Mr. Lincoln’s Washington, p. 175.

  At one dinner party…“[had] ever known”: Entry for January 28, 1863, Diary of George Templeton Strong, Vol. III, p. 292.

  welcome diversion in the telegraph office: Bates, Lincoln in the Telegraph Office, pp. 41–42, 143, 190.

  “Abe was in…‘none anywhere else’”: AL, quoted in entry for April 21, 1863, in Dahlgren, Memoir of John A. Dahlgren, p. 390.

  “a little after midnight…queer little conceits”: Entry for April 30, 1864, in Hay, Inside Lincoln’s White House, p. 194.

  “Only those…heart bleeds”: MTL to Mary Janes Welles, February 21, 1863, reel 35, Welles Papers.

  Mary had gamely resumed…“to bear up”: MTL to Benjamin B. French, March 10, 1863, in Thomas F. Schwartz and Kim M. Bauer, “Unpublished Mary Todd Lincoln,” Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association 17 (Summer 1996), p. 5.

  “affable and pleasant…out of sight”: Entry for February 22, 1863, in French, Witness to the Young Republic, p. 417.

 
“much shorter…his composition”: Entry for February 12, 1863, Fanny Seward diary, Seward Papers.

  In gratitude to Rebecca Pomroy…“look their best”: Boyden, Echoes from Hospital and White House, pp. 131–32.

  “brilliantly lighted…children’s children”: Pomroy, quoted in ibid., pp. 132–33.

  Swisshelm had initially…“and its cause”: Jane Grey Swisshelm, Half a Century (Chicago: J. G. Swisshelm, 1880), pp. 236–37 (quotes p. 237).

  Mary was delighted…Nettie Colburn: Nettie Colburn Maynard, Was Abraham Lincoln a Spiritualist?, or Curious Revelations from the Life of a Trance Medium (Philadelphia: Rufus C. Hartranft, 1891), p. 83.

  “very choice spirits…agreeable ladies”: Joshua F. Speed to AL, October 26, 1863, Lincoln Papers.

  “Welcome, Mr. Lincoln…I was coming”: Mr. Laurie and AL, quoted in Maynard, Was Abraham Lincoln a Spiritualist?, p. 83.

  The guests settled into…“easy chairs of the day”: S. P. Kase, quoted in J. J. Fitzgerrell, Lincoln Was a Spiritualist (Los Angeles: Austin Publishing Co., 1924), pp. 18–19.

  “Well, Miss Nettie…say to me to-night?”: Maynard, Was Abraham Lincoln a Spiritualist?, p. 85.

  There is no evidence that Lincoln…“learn the secret”: “Lord Colchester—Spirit Medium,” Lincoln Lore, no. 1497 (November 1962), p. 4.

  She spoke for an hour…“not this wonderful?”: S. P. Kase, quoted in Fitzgerrell, Lincoln Was a Spiritualist, pp. 20–21.

  “I have neither…I must resume it”: SPC to Horace Greeley, January 28, 1863, reel 24, Chase Papers.

  Chase became physically ill…make it through: SPC to Richard C. Parsons, February 16, 1863, reel 25, Chase Papers.

  his own handsome face…every dollar bill: SPC, “Going Home to Vote.” Authentic Speeches of S. P. Chase, Secretary of the Treasury, During His Visit to Ohio, with His Speeches at Indianapolis, and at the Mass Meeting in Baltimore, October, 1863 (Washington, D.C.: W. H. Moore, 1863), p. 25; Brooks, Mr. Lincoln’s Washington, p. 176.

  his own strained finances…bonds to the public: SPC to Jay Cooke, June 2, 1863, reel 27, Chase Papers.

  Charles Benjamin…quickly make amends: Benjamin, “Recollections of Secretary Edwin M. Stanton,” Century (1887), p. 759.

  asked why he disliked…“detested it”: Entry for April 25, 1863, Diary of George Templeton Strong, Vol. III, p. 314.