Team of Rivals

  “all this quibbling…created equal”: AL, “Speech at Chicago, Illinois,” July 10, 1858, in CW, II, p. 501.

  “the central idea…govern themselves”: AL, quoted in “7 May 1861, Tuesday,” in Hay, Inside Lincoln’s White House, p. 20.

  “Four score and seven…shall not perish from the earth”: AL, “Address Delivered at the Dedication of the Cemetery at Gettysburg, November 19, 1863; Edward Everett Copy,” in CW, VII, p. 21.

  “the assemblage…there came applause”: Gitt, quoted in Wilson, Intimate Memories of Lincoln, p. 479.

  he turned to Ward Lamon…“disappointed”: Lamon, Recollections of Abraham Lincoln, p. 173.

  “I should be glad…in two minutes”: Edward Everett to AL, November 20, 1863, Lincoln Papers.

  Zachariah Chandler…tardiness on emancipation: Bruce Tap, “Chandler, Zachariah,” in Encyclopedia of the American Civil War, ed. Heidler and Heidler, pp. 398–99.

  “Your president…& hold him”: Zachariah Chandler to Lyman Trumbull, quoted in Williams, Lincoln and the Radicals, p. 179.

  Having read in the press…“buried three days”: Zachariah Chandler to AL, November 15, 1863, Lincoln Papers.

  “My dear Sir…wreck the country’s cause”: AL to Zachariah Chandler, November 20, 1863, in CW, VII, pp. 23–24.

  a mild case of smallpox: Entry for December 2, 1863, in French, Witness to the Young Republic, p. 439; entry for December 1863, Welles diary, Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 480.

  “Yes, it is a bad…that calls”: NYT, December 18, 1863.

  “the greatest question…practical statesmanship”: “31 July 1863, Friday,” in Hay, Inside Lincoln’s White House, p. 69.

  everyone assumed…of his divided party: Brooks, Mr. Lincoln’s Washington, p. 271.

  John Hay was present…“highly satisfactory”: “[9 December 1863, Wednesday],” in Hay, Inside Lincoln’s White House, pp. 121–22.

  Radicals were thrilled…“acts of Congress”: AL, “Annual Message to Congress,” December 8, 1863, in CW, VII, p. 51.

  “He makes Emancipation…of reconstruction”: CS to Orestes A. Brownson, December 27, 1863, in Selected Letters of Charles Sumner, Vol. II, p. 216.

  “God bless Old Abe…in the President”: “[9 December 1863, Wednesday],” in Hay, Inside Lincoln’s White House, p. 122.

  had written a letter to Nathaniel Banks…“included in the plan”: AL to Nathaniel P. Banks, in CW, VI, p. 365.

  He offered full pardons…remain as they were: AL, “Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction,” December 8, 1863, in CW, VII, pp. 54–56.

  Conservatives hailed…as it wished: EBL to SPL, December 8, 1863, in Wartime Washington, ed. Laas, p. 325.

  “theory is identical…different nomenclature”: CS to Orestes A. Brownson, December 27, 1863, in Selected Letters of Charles Sumner, Vol. II, pp. 216–17.

  Lincoln assured…“otherwise would”: AL, “Annual Message to Congress,” December 8, 1863, in CW, VII, p. 52.

  would devastate Confederate morale: Foner, Reconstruction, pp. 36–37.

  When the Blairs…“of modern times”: Brooks, Mr. Lincoln’s Washington, p. 273.

  “is the great man…clearly than anybody”: “[9 December 1863, Wednesday],” in Hay, Inside Lincoln’s White House, p. 122.

  Judd called…“was Mr. Chase”: Norman Judd and AL, quoted in “[9 December 1863, Wednesday],” in Hay, Inside Lincoln’s White House, p. 124.

  Chase had obstinately…perpetuate emancipation: SPC to AL, November 25, 1863, Lincoln Papers.

  “more positive…is not to be had”: SPC to Henry Ward Beecher, December 26, 1863, reel 30, Chase Papers.

  he detected a more hopeful…surprisingly well: AL, “Annual Message to Congress,” December 8, 1863, in CW, VII, pp. 49–50.

  invited his sister-in-law…“and left him alone”: David Davis, quoted in Daily Picayune, New Orleans, March 14, 1897.

  Emilie had been living…through Union lines: Helm, The True Story of Mary, p. 220.

  “I am totally at a loss…secure a pass?”: John L. Helm to Mrs. Robert S. Todd, October 11, 1863, quoted in ibid., p. 219.

  Lincoln personally issued…“to Kentucky”: AL to Lyman B. Todd, October 15, 1863, in CW, VII, p. 517.

  When Emilie arrived…explaining the dilemma: Helm, The True Story of Mary, pp. 220–21.

  “Send her to me”: AL, quoted in ibid., p. 221.

  was received at the White House…Confederate Army: Emilie Todd Helm diary [hereafter Helm diary], quoted in ibid., pp. 221–22.

  “Often the boundaries…chose sides”: John W. Shaffer, Clash of Loyalties: A Border County in the Civil War (Morgantown: West Virginia University Press, 2003), p. 2.

  they carefully avoided mention…“into other channels”: Helm diary, quoted in Helm, The True Story of Mary, p. 224.

  Mary did her utmost: Helm diary, quoted in ibid., pp. 222–23.

  “He comes to me…most of the time”: MTL, quoted in Helm diary, in ibid., p. 227.

  “the scape-goat…thrill in her voice”: MTL, quoted in Helm diary, in ibid., pp. 225, 227.

  he confided her presence…“it known”: Entry for December 14, 1863, in Browning, The Diary of Orville Hickman Browning, Vol. I, p. 651.

  invited Emilie to join them: Helm, The True Story of Mary, p. 228.

  Lincoln had personally…restore his spirits: Edgcumb Pinchon, Dan Sickles: Hero of Gettysburg and “Yankee King of Spain” (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Doran & Co., 1945), pp. 203–04.

  Mary also considered…merriment: MTL to Sally Orne, [December 12, 1869], in Turner and Turner, Mary Todd Lincoln, pp. 533–34.

  Senator Harris turned…“and Manassas”: Helm diary, quoted in Helm, The True Story of Mary, p. 229.

  Mary’s face “turned…assistance in the matter”: Helm diary, quoted in ibid., pp. 227, 229–31.

  prompted Emilie to leave: Helm diary, quoted in ibid., p. 231.

  “Oh, Emilie…hideous nightmare?”: MTL, quoted in Helm diary, ibid., p. 226.

  he took Nicolay and Hay…about the play: “[18 December 1863],” in Hay, Inside Lincoln’s White House, p. 128; Daily Morning Chronicle, Washington, D.C., December 19, 1863.

  “in fine spirits”: Entry for December 15, 1863, Welles diary, Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 485.

  returned to Ford’s…Bayard Taylor: “[18 December 1863],” in Hay, Inside Lincoln’s White House, p. 128; Daily Morning Chronicle, Washington, D.C., December 18 and 19, 1863.

  a peculiarly pleasant dream…the next day: “23 December 1863,” in Hay, Inside Lincoln’s White House, p. 132.

  Seward entertained…“cloud of smoke”: Seward, Seward at Washington…1861–1872, p. 206.

  Bates’s children: See introduction, entries for May 28; June 5 and 20; July 1; November 15, 22, 25, and 30; December 16, 19 and 22, 1863, The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866, pp. xv–xvi, 294, 295, 299, 315, 319, 320–21, 323.

  After forty years…word against him: Entry for September 4, 1863, in The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866, p. 306.

  he attended a funeral…“and die soon”: Entry for December 25, 1863, in ibid., p. 324.

  Edgar’s return…“on earth forever”: Entry for December 25, 1863, Welles diary, Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 494.

  “The year closes…the future than now”: Entry for December 31, 1863, ibid., pp. 499–500.

  the birth of a new baby girl…baptismal celebration: EMS to SPC, December 30, 1863, reel 30, Chase Papers.

  He shared with the men…“guests of the nation”: NYT, December 29, 1863.

  Lincoln invited Stanton…Point Lookout: AL to EMS, December 26, 1863, in CW, VII, p. 95 (quote); NYTrib, December 29, 1863.

  He had heard that…Confederate strongholds: Thomas and Hyman, Stanton, p. 309; “28 December 1863, Monday,” in Hay, Inside Lincoln’s White House, p. 134.

  “Oh! dying year!…brighter hopes dawn”: Entry for December 31, 1863, in Adam Gurowski, Diary: 1863–’64–’65, Vol. III. Burt Franklin: Research & Source Works #229 (Washi
ngton, D.C., 1866; New York: Burt Franklin, 1968), p. 57.

  “a tall…polish of appearance”: Entry for February 24, 1861, Charles Francis Adams diary, reel 76.

  “sphere of civilization”: Entry for March 8, 1861, Charles Francis Adams diary, reel 76.

  no “heroic qualities”: Entry for February 21, 1861, Charles Francis Adams diary, reel 76.

  “not equal…of his position”: Entry for August 16, 1861, Charles Francis Adams diary, reel 76.

  At a festive dinner…“to one great purpose”: Charles Francis Adams, quoted in NR, February 2, 1864.

  “foremost American…in his time”: “Lowell, James Russell,” in Dictionary of American Biography, Vol. VI, ed. Dumas Malone (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1933), p. 458.

  “Never did a President…still in wild water”: James Russell Lowell, “The President’s Policy,” North American Review 98 (January 1864), pp. 241–43, 249, 254–55.

  “very excellent…over-much credit”: Entry for January 5, 1864, Welles diary, Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 504.

  CHAPTER 23: “THERE’S A MAN IN IT!”

  New Year’s Day…scattered the clouds: Brooks, Mr. Lincoln’s Washington, pp. 273–74 (quote); Star, January 1, 1864; NR, January 2, 1864.

  “Murfreesboro…excel these”: NR, January 1, 1864.

  “We have a right…weathered the gale”: NR, January 13, 1864.

  “The instinct of all…danger is over”: Dispatch of January 18, 1864, in Stoddard, Dispatches from Lincoln’s White House, p. 203.

  the traditional New Year’s reception: Entry for January 1, 1864, in Lincoln Day by Day, Vol. III, p. 231; dispatch of January 4, 1864, in Stoddard, Dispatches from Lincoln’s White House, p. 199.

  “a human kaleidescope…petitioners”: NR, January 2, 1864.

  “public-opinion baths… and duty”: Carpenter, Six Months at the White House, pp. 281–82.

  “European democrats…American a custom”: Dispatch of January 4, 1864, in Stoddard, Dispatches from Lincoln’s White House, p. 199.

  Lincoln “appeared to be…word or two”: NR, January 2, 1864.

  Mary Lincoln “never looked better”…velvet dress: Brooks, Mr. Lincoln’s Washington, pp. 274–75 (quote p. 275).

  “We seem to have…cared about it”: FWS, quoted in Seward, Seward at Washington…1861–1872, p. 207.

  The winter social calendar…of cabinet officers: NR, January 19, 1864.

  “grace and elegance”: NR, January 26, 1864.

  “who with such…once a week”: NR, January 16, 1864.

  “observed of all observers”: NR, January 2, 1864.

  “one of the most lovable women”: Entry for January 3, 1864, in French, Witness to the Young Republic, p. 443.

  “frosty…a very close examination”: Brooks, Mr. Lincoln’s Washington, p. 275.

  Mary found it necessary…“human tide”: Stoddard, Inside the White House in War Times, p. 49; NR, January 2, 1864.

  ill dressed…their carpetbags: NR, January 13, 1864.

  “the lace curtains…as a man’s hand”: Brooks, Mr. Lincoln’s Washington, p. 253 (quote); B. B. French to Charles R. Train, January 5, 1863, p. 181, Vol. 14, reel 7; French to John H. Rice, March 7, 1864, p. 313, Vol. 14, reel 7; French to Rice, June 16, 1864, pp. 375–76, Vol. 14, reel 7, M371, RG 42, DNA.

  would inaugurate “the fashionable ‘season’”: NR, January 6, 1864.

  visiting members…“with their families”: NYT, January 8, 1864.

  “not so largely attended as usual”: NYH, January 13, 1864.

  she was “disappointed”: Entry for January 14, 1864, in French, Witness to the Young Republic, p. 443.

  The Sewards hosted…“most brilliant”: NR, January 26, 1864 (first quote); NR, January 15, 1864 (second quote); NYT, January 26, 1864 (third quote); Star, January 26, 1864.

  a pleasant evening…“relief from care”: Seward, Seward at Washington…1861–1872, p. 208.

  Mary could not relinquish…and supporters: Anson G. Henry to Isaac Newton, April 21, 1864, Lincoln Papers.

  Mary’s anger…“a patriot”: Keckley, Behind the Scenes, pp. 127–29 (quotes pp. 128, 129).

  and crossed out…“Schleswig-Holstein difficulty”: JGN to JH, January 18, 1864, in Nicolay, With Lincoln in the White House, p. 124.

  directed her wrath…“night or two”: JGN to JH, January 29, 1864, in ibid., p. 125.

  dinner “was pleasant…off very well”: Entry for January 22, 1864, Welles diary, Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 512.

  unable to share…“merry-making at a funeral”: GW to Edgar T. Welles, February 14, 1864, reel 22, Welles Papers.

  “the old secession”…stars of every occasion: Dispatch of February 6, 1864, in Stoddard, Dispatches from Lincoln’s White House, pp. 206–07 (quote p. 206).

  Ulric…expert waltzer: Stoddard, Inside the White House in War Times, p. 128.

  Fernando Wood…“personal intercourse”: Dispatch of February 1, 1864, in Stoddard, Dispatches from Lincoln’s White House, p. 205.

  Mary Lincoln sent…“to believe it”: MTL to Daniel E. Sickles, February 6, 1864, in Turner and Turner, Mary Todd Lincoln, pp. 167–68; see also note 3 of MTL to Sickles.

  when Emilie…Martha Todd White: See note 1 to JGN to Benjamin F. Butler, April 19, 1864, Lincoln Papers.

  Lincoln issued a pass: On the subject of Martha Todd White’s dealings with the Lincolns, see JGN to Butler, April 19, 1864; Butler to JGN, April 21, 1864, Lincoln Papers.

  “Here…of your master”: Undated newspaper article pasted in JGN to Butler, April 19, 1863, container 28, Butler Papers; newspaper reports of Martha Todd White’s statements to General Butler, quoted in Butler to JGN, April 21, 1864, Lincoln Papers.

  he directed Nicolay to ascertain the facts: JGN to Butler, April 19, 1863, container 28, Butler Papers.

  Butler replied…untoward had been found: Butler to JGN, April 21, 1864, Lincoln Papers.

  Nicolay used Butler’s letter: JGN to Butler, April 28, 1864; JGN to Horace Greeley, April 25, 1864; Greeley to JGN, April 26, 1864, Lincoln Papers. For an example of rebuttal issued, see NYTrib, April 27, 1864.

  Butler was surprised…so “silly”: Butler to JGN, April 21, 1864, Lincoln Papers.

  Nor did he want…sustain the rebel cause: O. Stewart to AL, April 27, 1864, Lincoln Papers.

  Browning requested a favor…“very good humor”: Entry for February 6, 1894, in Browning, The Diary of Orville Hickman Browning, Vol. I, p. 659.

  he had visited…Owen Lovejoy: Entry for February 6, 1864, in Lincoln Day by Day, Vol. III, p. 238.

  “the best friend [he] had in Congress”: AL, quoted in Carpenter, Six Months at the White House, p. 18.

  suffering from a debilitating liver and kidney ailment: NYT, March 28, 1864; Edward Magdol, Owen Lovejoy: Abolitionist in Congress (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1967), pp. 400, 402–03.

  “This war is eating…live to see the end”: AL, quoted in Carpenter, Six Months at the White House, p. 17.

  a fire alarm rang…his brother, Willie: Robert W. McBride, Personal Recollections of Abraham Lincoln (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1926), pp. 29–30, 44–46 (quotes pp. 44–45); Star, February 11, 1864; Daily Morning Chronicle, Washington, D.C., February 11, 1864.

  A coachman…setting the fire: Star, February 11, 1864; JGN to JH, February 10, 1864, in Nicolay, With Lincoln in the White House, p. 126.

  instructed him to consult…“have it rebuilt”: Commissioner B. B. French to John H. Rice, February 11, 1863, pp. 295–96, Vol. 14, reel 7, M371, RG 42, DNA (quote); Star, February 11, 1864.

  “carefully veiled…a hopeless one”: McClure, Abraham Lincoln and Men of War-Times, p. 136.

  Friends of Chase…biographical sketch: Niven, Salmon P. Chase, p. 358.

  “no matter how…flimsy political trick”: William Orton to SPC, January 6, 1864, in Chase Papers, Vol. IV, p. 247.

  “malignant denunciations”: SPC to AL, January 13, 1864, reel 30, Chase Papers.

  twenty-five
long letters…inspirational book: Chase’s series of autobiographical letters to John T. Trowbridge began on December 27, 1863, and ended on March 22, 1864, see Chase Papers; [John T. Trowbridge], The Ferry-Boy and the Financier, by a Contributor to the “Atlantic” (Boston: Walker, Wise, & Co., 1864).

  An excerpt appeared: J. T. Trowbridge, “The First Visit to Washington,” Atlantic Monthly 13 (April 1864), pp. 448–57.

  “So far…otherwise than I have”: SPC to J. W. Hartwell, February 2, 1864, reel 31, Chase Papers.

  “I think of you…you are—where?”: SPC to Charlotte S. Eastman, February 1, 1864, reel 31, Chase Papers.

  Susan Walker…“bluestocking”: Niven, Salmon P. Chase, pp. 97 (quote), 203–04.

  “I wish you could come…you enough”: SPC to Susan Walker, January 23, 1864, reel 31, Chase Papers.

  the public announcement…held a large interest: Niven, Salmon P. Chase, pp. 357, 359–60; Blue, Salmon P. Chase, p. 222.

  “eating a man’s bread…the same time”: David Davis, quoted in King, Lincoln’s Manager, p. 213.

  Chase busied himself lining up support: Hart, Salmon P. Chase, pp. 309–10.

  “gratified…should he be reelected”: SPC to Flamen Ball, February 2, 1864, reel 31, Chase Papers.

  “lamented the…distinct feeler”: Entry for February 3, 1864, Welles diary, Vol. I (1960 edn.), pp. 520–21.

  “immeasurably”…to any other candidate: Entry for March 22, 1864, in The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866, p. 350.

  “fair plump lady…altogether the advantage”: Entry for February 19, 1864, Welles diary, Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 528.

  the Pomeroy Committee…“available candidate”: “The Pomeroy Circular,” quoted in Schuckers, The Life and Public Services of Salmon Portland Chase, pp. 499–500.

  Pomeroy circular was leaked to the press: J. M. Winchell, quoted in NYT, September 15, 1874.

  “No sensible man…if it killed me”: David Davis, quoted in King, Lincoln’s Manager, p. 215.

  “had no knowledge…entire confidence”: SPC to AL, February 22, 1864, Lincoln Papers.

  the circular’s author…“would sustain”: J. M. Winchell, quoted in NYT, September 15, 1874.

  He understood the political…“enemies”: Entry for February 13, 1864, in The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866, p. 333.