Antisemitism: Part One of the Origins of Totalitarianism

  MacDonald, Ramsay, [>]

  MacMahon, E. P. M. de, [>], [>]

  Madagascar, [>], [>]

  Maistre, Comte J. M. de, [>]

  Malan, Daniel Francois, [>]

  Malinovsky, Roman V, [>]

  Malraux, André, [>]

  Manchester system, [>], [>]

  mandate system, [>]

  mankind, concept of, in the French Revolution, [>], [>], [>] f.; and national principle, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]; and race doctrines, [>], [>] f., [>], [>], [>] f., [>]; as a political concept, [>]; as product, [>], [>]

  Mann, Thomas, [>]

  Mao Tse-tung, “Hundred Flowers” speech, [>]; and Stalin, [>]

  march on Rome, [>]

  Marks, Sammy, [>]

  Martin du Gard, Roger, [>]

  Marwitz, Ludwig von der, [>], [>], [>]

  Marx, Karl, [>], [>], [>] f., [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>] f., [>]

  Marxism, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]. See also law of History

  Masaryk, Thomas, [>], [>]

  masses, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>] f., [>] ff., [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]; mass leaders, [>]–[>]; mass propaganda, [>], [>] ff., [>]

  master race, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  materialism, [>]

  Maunz, Theodor, [>] f., [>], [>]

  Maurice of Saxony, [>]

  Maurras, Charles, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  McCarthyism, [>]

  Mendelssohn, Abraham, [>]

  Mendelssohn, Moses, [>], [>] f., [>]

  mercantilism, [>] f., [>]

  Mercier, General Auguste, [>], [>]

  Metternich, Prince Clemens, [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Mexico, [>]

  Meyer, Arthur, [>]

  middle classes, in Germany or Prussia, [>], [>], [>], [>] f.; in England, [>], [>] f.; in France, [>] f.; in Soviet Russia, [>]. See also bourgeoisie; lower middle classes

  middle-class parties, [>]

  Middle East, [>]

  “might-right” doctrine, [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Mill, James, [>]

  Millerand, Alexandre, [>]

  minority groups, [>], [>]–[>], [>]; and nation-state, [>]–[>]; congress of, [>] f.; and territorial principles, [>], [>]; stateless people and, [>]; and Rights of Man, [>] f.

  Minority Treaties, [>] f., [>] ff., [>]

  Mirabeau, Honoré Q. R. de, [>], [>]

  missionaries in South Africa, [>]

  mob, [>], [>], [>]; characteristics of, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>] f., [>]; and bourgeoisie, [>], [>], [>] f., [>]; and the Jews, [>] ff., [>] f., [>]; and intellectuals, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]; and imperialism, [>] ff., [>] ff., [>], [>] f., [>] f., [>]; and racism, [>], [>], [>]; and ideologies, [>]; and the masses, [>], [>]; and totalitarianism, [>], [>] f., [>]; and Nazism, [>] f.

  Moeller van den Bruck, Arthur, [>], [>], [>]

  Moldavia, [>]

  Molotov, V., [>], [>]

  Monita Secreta, [>]

  Monod, Gabriel, [>]

  Montesquieu, Charles de Secondât, Baron de, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Montlosier, Comte de, [>]

  Morès, Marquis de, [>]

  Moscow Trials, [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Mosenthal family, [>]

  Mosul oilfields, [>]

  movements, [>]–[>] passim, [>]–[>] passim; and rootlessness, [>]; and the state, [>], [>] f.; and class system, [>]; international, [>]; totalitarian, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]. See also pan-movements; Nazi movement; Bolshevik movement

  Mueller, Adam, [>], [>], [>]

  multinational states, [>], [>], [>]

  Munich crisis or pact, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Münster, Count, [>], [>]

  Muravyev-Amursky, Nikolai, [>]

  Mussolini, Benito, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Nansen office, [>], [>]

  Napoleon I, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]; legislation, [>], [>], [>]; wars, [>]; defeat of Prussia in 1806, [>], [>], [>]

  Napoleon III, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Naquet, Alfred, [>]

  nation or nation-state, [>]–[>], [>], [>]; and equality, [>], [>] ff., [>], [>]; Jews and, [>] ff., [>] f., [>], [>] ff., [>]–[>]; and imperialism, [>], [>], [>] ff., [>], [>]; and class system, [>] ff., [>] ff., [>]; and bourgeoisie, [>], [>] ff.; and peasants, [>], [>] f.; in Eastern Europe, [>], [>], [>]–[>]; birth of, [>] f., [>]; and Austria-Hungary, [>]; and France, [>], [>], [>]; and army, [>], [>] f., [>]; and world politics, [>]–[>], [>]; and naturalization, [>], [>] f.; and party system, [>] ff.; and stateless people, [>] ff. See also nationalism

  National Bolshevism, [>]

  nationalism, [>]–[>], [>]; in Soviet Russia, [>]; and antisemitism, [>], [>], [>]; in Austria-Hungary, [>] ff., [>]–[>] passim, [>] f., [>]; French, [>], [>], [>] f.; English, [>], [>], [>] ff., [>]; and imperialism, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]; and racism, [>], [>], [>]–[>]; German, [>]–[>], [>]; and class system, [>] f.; in Latin-European countries, [>]; and World War I, [>]; and Nazis, [>] f [>]; and socialism, [>]

  nationalisme intégral, [>], [>]

  nationality or nationalities, [>]–[>], [>]; in Austria-Hungary, [>] ff., [>], [>], [>] f.; and the state, [>] ff.; and statelessness, [>] f.; in Soviet Russia, [>]

  National-Liberal Party, German, [>]

  national liberation movements, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>] passim

  “national mission,” [>], [>], [>]

  national rights, and Rights of Man, [>] ff., [>] ff.

  National Socialism. See Nazism

  national sovereignty, [>]; and statelessness, [>]; and Rights of Man, [>]; and totalitarianism, [>] f.

  naturalization, [>], [>]–[>]

  Naumann, Friedrich, [>], [>]

  Nazi Germany, [>], [>], [>] f., [>], [>], [>], [>], [>] f., [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]; public opinion in, [>]; publication of ex-officials, [>]; and South Africa, [>]; foreign policy of, [>]; citizenship legislation, [>], [>] (see also denationalization, Nuremberg laws); economic structure, [>], [>] f.; occupied territories, [>], [>], [>] f.; as totalitarian state, [>]–[>]; administration, [>], [>]–[>]; and Weimar constitution, [>], [>], [>]. See also totalitarian regimes

  Nazi movement or party, [>], [>] f., [>], [>], [>], [>] f., [>] f., [>], [>], [>]–[>] passim, [>], [>] f., [>], [>] f., [>] f., [>], [>], [>]. See also totalitarian movements

  Nazism, [>], [>], [>]–[>] passim, [>]; and nationalism, [>], [>], [>], [>]; and antisemitism, [>]–[>], [>] f., [>], [>], [>], [>]; and the state, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]; and France, [>], [>]; and Bolshevism, [>], [>], [>] f., [>]–[>], [>]; and racism, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]; and South Africa, [>]; and Pan-Germanism, [>], [>], [>] f.; and German people, [>] f., [>] f., [>], [>]; and Fascism, [>], [>], [>]; and party or class system, [>], [>], [>]; and intellectuals, [>], [>] ff., [>], [>]; and “permanent revolution,” [>]; and jurists, [>] f., [>], [>]. See also totalitarianism

  Near East, [>], [>], [>]

  Nechayev, Sergei, [>], [>]

  Neesse, Gottfried, [>], [>], [>]

  Negroes, [>] f., [>], [>]; in United States, [>], [>]

  NEP (New Economic Policy), [>], [>]

  Netherlands, the, [>] f., [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Netherlands East Indies, [>] f.

  Neurath, Konstantin von, [>]

  New Zealand, [>], [>], [>]

  Nicholas II, [>]

  Nietzsche, Friedrich, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  “Night and Fog” operation, [>]

  nihilism, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Nilus, S. A, [>]

  NKVD, [>], [>], [>] f., [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>] f.; selection of members, [>], [>]

  nobility, see aristocracy

  Nordic race, [>], [>] f., [>] f.

  North Africa, [>]. See also Africa

  Nouvelle Revue Française, [>], [>]

  Novalis (Friedrich von Hardenberg), [>]

  November 1938 pogroms, [>], [>] f.,
[>]

  NSKK (National Socialist Automobilists Corps), [>]

  Nuremberg laws, [>], [>], [>]

  Nuremberg party days, [>]

  Nuremberg Trials, [>], [>]

  October Revolution. See Russian Revolution

  Okhrana, [>], [>], [>], [>]

  one-party rule, [>] f., [>], [>] f., [>] f., [>], [>] f., [>], [>]

  Oppenheim, Henry, [>]

  Oppenheimer, Samuel, [>], [>]

  Orleanist movement, [>]

  Orléans, Duke of, [>]

  Ostafrikanische Gesellschaft, [>]

  outlawry, [>]

  Ouvrard, G. J, [>]

  pacifism, [>], [>], [>]

  Pagodin, Michael, [>], [>]

  Palestine, [>]

  Panama Company, [>]

  Panama scandal, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Pan-Germanism or Pan-Germans, [>]–[>], [>]–[>] passim, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]

  Pan-German League (Alldeutscher Verband), [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Pan-Latinism, [>], [>] f.

  pan-movements, [>], [>]; and antisemitism, [>], [>] f., [>]; birth of, [>], [>]; and totalitarian movements, [>], [>]; and imperialism, [>]–[>]; and capitalism, [>] f.; and nation-state, [>], [>] ff., [>] ff.; and racism, [>], [>] f.; and ideologies, [>] ff. See also Pan-Germanism, Pan Slavism

  Pan-Slav Congress, [>]

  Pan-Slav federation, [>]

  Pan-Slavism, [>], [>], [>]–[>] passim, [>]–[>] passim

  paramilitary organizations, [>], [>], [>] f. See also SA, SS

  paraprofessional organizations, [>]

  Pareto, Vilfredo, [>]

  Paris society, [>]–[>], [>]

  Paris World Exposition, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Parliament, [>], [>]; French, [>] ff., [>]–[>] passim, [>]; British, [>]; Austrian, [>], [>]; Russian, [>]; Continental, [>] ff.; hostility to, [>] ff., [>], [>] ff., [>], [>], [>]

  “party above parties,” [>], [>], [>], [>], [>] ff.

  party systems or parties, [>], [>] ff., [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>] f., [>] f., [>]

  patriotism, [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Pauker, Ana, [>]

  Paulus, H. E. G., [>]

  peace treaties, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>] f.

  Pearson, Karl, [>]

  peasantry, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]; in Soviet Russia, [>]. See also kulaks

  Péguy, Charles, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Péreires Brothers, [>]

  “permanent revolution,” [>] f., [>]

  “personality cult,” see “leader principle”

  Pétain, Henri Philippe, [>] f., [>] f., [>], [>], [>]

  Peters, Carl, [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Picasso, Pablo, [>]

  Picquart, Colonel Georges, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Plato, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Plehve, Count V.K., [>]

  Pobyedonostzev, C., [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  pogroms, [>], [>]

  Poincaré, Raymond, [>]

  Poland or Poles, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  police, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>] f.; in nontotalitarian countries, [>] f. See also secret police

  Polish messianism, [>], [>]

  Politburo, [>], [>] f., [>], [>]

  polygenism, [>] f.

  poor whites, South Africa, [>]

  Popular Front policy, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Portugal, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Posen, [>]

  positivism, [>], [>]

  power, [>], [>]; in Soviet Russia, [>]; and Jews, [>], [>], [>], [>]; and capitalism, [>], [>], [>]; philosophy of, [>]–[>], [>] f.; in Czarist Russia, [>]; and bureaucracy, [>]–[>], [>] f.; and totalitarianism, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>] f., [>], [>]–[>], [>] ff., [>], [>] f., [>], [>]; and secret societies, [>]

  pragmatism, [>]

  Pravda, [>], [>]

  Prévost, Marcel, [>]

  Primrose League, [>]

  progress, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  proletariat, [>], [>]. See also working class

  propaganda, [>] ff., [>]; totalitarian, [>] ff., [>], [>]–[>] passim, [>], [>] ff., [>] f., [>], [>]; official Soviet publications, [>], [>] f., [>]

  Protestant Church, [>]

  “Protocols of the Elders of Zion,” [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>] ff., [>], [>]

  Proust, Marcel, [>]–[>] passim

  Prussia, [>], [>] f., [>], [>], [>], [>] ff., [>], [>], [>]–[>] passim, [>], [>]; Prussian Reformers, [>] ff., [>]

  Prussian-Austrian War of 1866, [>]

  psychological warfare, [>]

  purges, [>], [>], [>] f.; in Soviet Russia, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>] f., [>], [>] f„ [>], [>], [>], [>], [>] f., [>], [>], [>]; in China, [>], [>]; in satellite countries, [>], [>]; Great Purge, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>] f., [>] f., [>], [>], [>] f., [>], [>], [>], [>]; in Nazi Germany, [>]; and “permanent revolution,” [>]; their origin, [>]

  Quislings, see collaborationists

  race, problems, [>], [>]; and slavery, [>], [>]; and imperialism, in Africa, [>], [>]–[>], in Asia, [>]; society, [>] ff., [>] ff., [>], [>], [>]

  race doctrines, and Jews, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]; and aristocracy, [>], [>] f., [>]; and nationalism, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>] f., [>], [>]; French, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]; German, [>]–[>], [>]; English, [>]–[>]; and middle class, 180f.

  racism, and imperialism, [>], [>] f., [>] f., [>], [>], [>]; Nazi version of, [>], [>] f., [>], [>] f., [>], [>], [>], [>]; and pan-movements, [>], [>]; philosophy of, [>] ff.; and ideology, [>] f.

  Raeder, Erich, [>], [>]

  Rajk, Laszlo, [>]

  Rakovsky, Christian, [>]

  Rath, Ernst vom, [>] f.

  Rathenau, Walter, [>], [>], [>], [>]

  raw materials, [>], [>], [>]; human, [>] ff., [>]

  Red Army, xxxvf., [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Red Relief Organization, [>]

  Red Square, Moscow, [>]

  refugees, political, [>] f. See also asylum, right of; statelessness

  régime des décrets, [>]

  Régis, Max, [>] f.

  Reich health bill, [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Reichsinstitut für Geschichte des Neuen Deutschlands, [>]

  Reichssicherheitshauptamt, [>]

  Reichstag fire, [>]

  Reichswehr, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>] f., [>]; and Nazi party, [>]

  Reinach, Jacques, [>] f., [>], [>], [>]

  Rémusat, Comte de, [>]

  Renan, Ernest, [>], [>], [>]

  Renner, Karl, [>]

  repatriation, [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Resistance, French, [>]; German, [>]

  Reventlow, Graf E, [>]

  Revolution of 1848, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  revolutionary movements or parties, [>], [>] f., [>] f., [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Rhodes, Cecil, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>] f., [>] f., [>], [>]

  Rhodes Scholarship Association, [>]

  Ribbentrop, Joachim von, [>]

  Ribbentrop Bureau, [>]

  Richter, Eugen, [>]

  Rights of Man, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>] f., [>] f., [>]; and national rights, [>] ff., [>] f., [>]–[>]; and French Revolution, [>]; 19th century, [>] ff.; and statelessness, [>]–[>]; definition of, [>] f.; and rights of citizen, [>] f.; and Burke, [>] f.

  Rimbaud, Arthur, [>]

  Robespierre, Maximilien, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Roget, General Gaud£rique, [>] f.

  Rohan, Henri, Due de, [>], [>]

  Röhm, Ernst, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>] f., [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Rolland, Romain, [>]

  Roman Empire, [>], [>], [>]. [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Romans, [>]

  romanticism, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]

  rootlessness, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Ro
senberg, Alfred, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Rosicrucians, [>]

  Rothschild, Edmond de, [>]

  Rothschild family, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>] f., [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>] f., [>], [>], [>], [>], [>] f., [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Rothschild, Lionel, [>]

  Rothschild, Meyer Amschel, [>]

  Rousset, David, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Rouvier, Maurice, [>]

  Rozanov, Vassiliff, [>], [>]

  Ruehs, Christian Friedrich, [>]

  Ruhrputsch, [>]

  Rumania, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Russell, Lord John, [>]

  Russia, see Czarist Russia; Soviet Russia

  Russian-Finnish War, [>]

  Russian refugees, [>], [>]

  Russian Revolution, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Ruthenians, [>]

  SA (Sturmabteilung), [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]; -Reichswehr plot, [>]; and SS, [>] f; and torture, [>]; and concentration camps, [>]

  Sade, Marquis de, [>]

  Salazar, [>]

  Salisbury, Lord, [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Salomon, Saul, [>]

  Sandherr, Colonel Jean-Conrad, [>]

  Sartre, Jean-Paul, [>], [>]

  satellite countries, [>], [>], [>], [>] f., [>]; antisemitism in, [>] f.

  “Saxondom,” [>], [>], [>]

  Say, Léon, [>]

  Scandinavians, [>] f.

  Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph, [>], [>]

  Scheurer-Kestner, Auguste, [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Schlegel, Friedrich, [>], [>], [>]

  Schleicher, Kurt von, [>], [>]

  Schleiermacher, Friedrich, [>]

  Schmitt, Carl, [>], [>], [>]

  Schoenerer, Georg von, [>] f., [>], [>] f., [>], [>], [>], [>] f., [>]

  Schwartzkoppen, Major Max von, [>], [>]

  “scramble for Africa,” [>], [>], [>], [>], [>] ff., [>]

  Second Empire, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Second International, [>]

  “secret Judah,” [>], [>]

  secret literature, Nazi, [>]

  secret police, [>] ff., [>], [>] f., [>]; in Soviet Russia, [>], xxxvf., [>], [>] f., [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]; in Nazi Germany, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>] f.; in nontotalitarian governments, [>], [>], [>], [>]; and secret societies, [>] ff. See also Gestapo; Cheka; NKVD; Okhrana; police; Security Service

  “secret Rome,” [>], [>]