Alexander Hamilton

  in Connecticut Compromise, 236

  Federalist and, 248, 257–58

  impeachment powers of, 257–58, 718–19 Jefferson’s presiding over, 572, 593, 601

  New York’s selection for, 285–86, 288

  in Philadelphia, 343, 349

  Republican control of, 657

  Smith appointment rejected by, 560, 561 titles considered by, 278

  treaty powers of, 257, 259, 486, 497

  September Massacres, 432–34, 465

  Serle, Ambrose, 78, 80

  Seton, William, 201, 360, 380, 382, 383, 385 Sewall, Jonathan, 518

  Seward, William H., 730

  Sharples, James, 187, 482–83

  Shaw, William, 622

  Shays, Daniel, 225

  Shays’s Rebellion, 224–25, 253, 255

  Sheridan, Richard Brinsley, 282, 291, 465

  Sherman, Roger, 236

  Shippen, Margaret, see Arnold, Margaret Shippen Shippen, William, 191

  Short, William, 432, 693

  Six Nations, 131, 337

  Six Per Cent Club, 380

  Slater, Samuel, 371

  slavery, slaves, 6, 22, 27, 175, 210–16, 244, 285, 341,

  376, 558, 581, 628–29, 726

  AH’s alleged ownership of, 210–11, 215, 581 British compensation for, 394–95, 485, 486, 495 Burr and, 214–15, 581, 675, 698–99, 716, 717 Congress and, 306–8

  Constitutional Convention and, 213, 216, 238–39,

  306

  election of 1796 and, 512–14

  former, resettlement schemes for, 212, 213, 513,

  538

  insurrections of, 12, 32, 33, 122, 448, 515 Jefferson and, 175, 210–13, 307, 312–16, 407,

  512–14, 581, 628, 663–64

  Louisiana Purchase and, 671–72, 678

  punishment of, 11, 19, 33

  renting out of, 12, 17, 23

  runaway, 32, 33, 40, 123, 212, 213–14, 295 sugar production and, 8, 10, 19, 23, 41, 211, 581 trade in, 8, 32, 33, 212, 216, 239, 306

  of Washington, 87, 212, 279

  in Washington, D.C., 635–36, 730

  smallpox, 128, 164, 191, 450

  Smith, Abigail (Nabby) Adams, 560, 561

  Smith, Adam, 347, 376, 377

  Smith, Melancton, 263, 268, 303, 380

  slavery and, 214–16

  Smith, Samuel, 634, 638

  Stevens, Ann, 27

  Stevens, Edward, 27–28, 30, 38, 41, 51–53, 478 Stevens, Eleanora, 449

  Stevens, Hester Amory, 449

  Stevens, Thomas, 27–28, 38

  Stirling, Lord (William Alexander), 45, 48, 72, 74, 79,

  84, 85, 105, 115

  stock exchanges, 202, 344

  Stoddert, Benjamin, 597

  Story, Joseph, 189–90

  Strong, George W., 691–92

  Strong, John, 691–92

  Stuart, Gilbert, 2, 88, 335, 642

  sugar, 7–11, 22, 23, 39, 119, 580

  slavery and, 8, 10, 19, 23, 41, 211, 581

  trade in, 7, 14–15, 17, 32, 41

  Sullivan, John, 120, 150, 155

  Sullivan, William, 92, 188, 250, 333, 334

  Supreme Court, New York, 168–69, 670–71, 689, 710 Supreme Court, U.S., 280, 288, 491, 647, 718–19 AH’s views on, 233, 259, 260

  carriage tax and, 501–2

  Jay as justice of, 288, 446, 461, 486

  Swartwout, John, 662

  Swartwout, Samuel, 717

  Syrett, Harold C., 5, 683

  health problems of, 584, 667, 723

  marriage of, 135, 147

  as senator, 285, 304, 389, 421

  slaves of, 210, 211

  Tory-Indian raid on, 159–60

  Washington’s friendship with, 128, 277

  in yellow-fever epidemic, 451

  Schuyler, Philip, II, 582–83

  Schuyler, Philip Jeremiah, 129, 676–77, 706 Schuyler, Rensselaer, 129

  Schuylerville, N.Y., 135–36

  Scotland, 12–15, 386, 641

  Arkwright’s mills in, 370–72, 374

  Scott, Winfield, 730

  Scottish Enlightenment, 51

  “scrippomania,” 357–61, 373, 379

  Seabury, Samuel, 57–60, 68

  Sears, Isaac, 68, 185, 201

  secession movement, 672, 678–79, 683, 697, 718 Second Bank of the United States, 355, 647, 717,

  726

  Second Continental Congress, 66–67, 77, 88, 94, 99,

  104–9, 134, 137–40, 172–83, 195, 274, 538 AH as delegate to, 172–83

  AH’s criticism of, 108, 124, 125, 135, 138–39, 140,

  149, 157, 158, 165, 171, 566

  AH’s financial reforms proposed to, 137–38 dollar adopted by, 201, 355

  French relations with, 120, 150

  Gates-Washington rivalry and, 104–6

  Laurens proposal and, 121–22

  money printed by, 108, 124, 137

  payment issues and, 176–82, 206

  peace treaty ratified by, 198–99

  Pennsylvania mutineers and, 180–83

  Philip Schuyler and, 65, 135, 149

  slavery and, 212

  taxes and, 124, 127, 158, 171, 221

  threat of Newburgh mutiny and, 176–80 Washington’s correspondence with, 83, 84, 89, 90,

  127

  securities, 305, 319–20, 321, 342, 387

  crash in, 359

  trading of, 298, 300–301, 303, 384

  see also bonds; stock exchanges

  Sedgwick, Theodore, 599, 661

  Adams’s outbursts to, 593, 594, 611

  AH’s correspondence with, 574, 611, 615, 633, 697 sedition, 57, 306, 529

  Sedition Act (1798), 570, 572–76, 663, 667–69, 718 Senate, New York, 91, 389, 421, 669

  Senate, U.S., 238, 251, 265, 280, 294, 327, 329, 403,

  455, 522, 539

  AH’s views on, 232–33

  appointments confirmed by, 288, 310, 461, 556,

  558

  bank bill and, 349, 355

  Smith, William, 225, 560–61, 562, 567

  Smith, William Loughton, 306, 308, 458–59, 533, 535, 547

  Smith, William S., 489, 723–24

  smuggling, 292, 340, 468

  Society for Establishing Useful Manufacturing (SEUM), 372–74, 379–80, 384–88, 411 Society for the Relief of Widows with Small Children, 582, 585

  Society of the Cincinnati, 216–18, 283–84, 304, 601, 692, 709, 711, 723

  sodomy, 95, 664

  Sons of Liberty, 55–56, 58, 62, 64, 68, 185, 197, 201, 438

  South America, 566–68, 595

  South Carolina, 21, 25, 207, 262, 322, 438, 558 in American Revolution, 121–23, 138, 172, 284–85, 308–9

  election of 1800 and, 590, 612, 621, 626

  slavery in, 211, 238

  Southern Army, 138, 284

  Spain, 32, 433, 437, 442

  American Revolution and, 61, 118–19, 566 colonial revolutions against, 566–68, 720 Spectator, The (Addison and Steele), 206

  Spencer, Ambrose, 189, 668, 670

  Stamp Act (1765), 44, 54, 55, 77, 468, 517

  “Stand, The” (Hamilton), 551–52

  Stark, John, 66

  State Department, U.S., 294–95, 394–95, 406, 504 Freneau and, 396, 397, 400, 403, 445, 453 mint controlled by, 356–57

  size of, 291

  see also specific secretaries of state

  Staten Island, 76, 79, 149, 582–83, 640, 722 states, 182, 221–24, 290, 352

  AH’s views on, 3, 103, 108–9, 124, 170, 176, 183, 195, 198–99, 221, 226, 254–56, 266, 290, 297, 299, 320, 342, 600

  Connecticut Compromise and, 236

  debt of, 225, 297, 298–99, 301, 303, 308, 321–31, 342, 423

  militias of, 108, 138, 157, 180–82, 284, 308–9, 553, 564, 577, 599, 635, 636

  New Jersey Plan and, 231

  Society of the Cincinnati and, 216, 217

  taxing of, 124, 127, 170–72

  treatment of former Tor
ies and, 195, 198–99 Virginia Plan and, 230–31, 234

  states’ rights, 174, 215, 226, 231, 308, 320, 425, 628 Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions and, 573–74 Steele, Richard, 206

  Sterne, Laurence, 721–22

  Steuart, James, 355

  Steuben, Frederick William August von, 109–10, 113, 128, 205, 206, 282, 335, 338, 382, 564

  Society of the Cincinnati and, 216, 217

  Taft, William Howard, 4

  Talleyrand-Périgord, Charles-Maurice de (Talleyrand), 465–67, 548–51, 630

  Tappan, Fanny Antill, 203–4, 363, 582

  tariffs, 377, 468

  see also duties, import

  taxes, tax system, 4, 254, 354, 608, 626, 646, 658

  AH as advocate of, 170, 176, 225, 226, 296, 299–300, 330–31, 341–44, 480, 491, 501–2, 556, 599

  AH as New York receiver of, 170–72

  in American colonies, 44, 54–55, 59, 60, 281, 319, 468–69

  Continental Congress and, 124, 127, 138, 158, 221

  excise, 342–44, 403, 423, 460, 468–78, 480, 491, 501–2

  in Federalist, 255–56

  property, 578, 592

  see also duties, import

  Tayler, John, 680, 681

  tea, 54–55

  taxes on, 54, 59, 170, 300

  Ten Broeck, Dirck, 188, 696, 705, 715

  textiles, 14, 108, 277, 370–72, 374, 376, 386, 387 Tilghman, Tench, 92, 127, 129, 151, 152, 159

  on Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton, 130, 132 Tillary, James, 335, 380

  tobacco, 14, 19, 211, 313, 348, 393

  Todd, Dolley Payne, see Madison, Dolley Payne Todd Todd, John, Jr., 453

  Trenton, Battle of (1777), 84, 85, 104, 538

  Trenton, N.J., 181, 182, 276, 325, 327, 336, 597–99 Trespass Act (1783), 195, 198–99

  Troup, Robert, 102, 269, 334, 381, 382, 430, 508, 528,

  550, 585, 590, 649, 657, 693, 720

  on AH, 72, 73, 190, 554, 555, 584, 636, 637, 644,

  645, 651, 655, 656, 667, 691

  AH offered land deal by, 484

  AH’s correspondence with, 221–22, 285, 381, 382,

  389–90, 633

  as AH’s executor, 491–92

  on AH’s writings, 61, 70, 89–90, 249–50, 535, 624 American Revolution and, 72, 73, 85, 105, 120 on Burr, 421, 561, 636, 637, 644, 662

  Federalist and, 248, 249–50

  health problems of, 696

  at King’s College, 51–54, 63, 64, 70

  King’s correspondence with, 554, 555, 561, 584,

  606, 637, 644

  as lawyer, 169, 188, 198, 287

  on Philip Hamilton, 651, 654, 655

  slavery and, 214–16

  Trumbull, John, 282, 315, 583–84, 679, 692, 693,

  701

  Tryon, William, 56, 75

  Tories (Loyalists), 44, 46, 56–68, 121, 134, 141 AH’s defense of, 186, 194–99

  in New York, 42, 49, 53, 56–58, 62–65, 67–70, 75,

  81, 159–60, 169, 183–86, 188, 194–99, 318 postwar flight of, 183–84, 185, 188

  trade, 6, 13, 14, 15, 60, 344, 354, 371 AH’s writings on, 170, 183

  colonists’ embargo of, 55, 57–58, 59

  free, 183, 377

  interstate conflicts over, 221–24

  Jay Treaty and, 485, 487, 495, 496

  Jefferson’s recommendations for, 458

  in St. Croix, 23, 27, 29–32

  slave, 8, 32, 33, 212, 216, 239, 306

  sugar, 7, 14–15, 17, 32, 41

  U.S.-British, 341, 393, 459, 462

  U.S.-French, 547, 553

  U.S.–West Indies, 295, 341, 458, 485, 486, 487

  Treasury Department, U.S., 281, 288, 293, 360 AH as secretary of, 2, 4, 5, 112, 170, 286–310, 319–33, 338–62, 370–462, 485, 488–89, 491, 530, 620, 724

  AH’s alleged abuses in, 281, 425–28, 440, 453, 455, 488–89, 492, 529, 530, 538–41, 646–47, 724

  AH’s resignation from, 479–80, 483

  AH’s staff in, 292–94, 339, 360, 371–72

  Bank of the United States and, 344–55, 357–61

  debt assumption–capital site deal and, 326–31

  excise taxes and, 342–44

  Fraunces’s relations with, 428–30

  Gallatin as secretary of, 639, 646–47, 658, 718

  Giles investigations and, 425–28, 440, 455, 530

  House investigations of, 426–28, 455, 456–57, 468, 480

  James Reynolds and, 368, 413–15

  manufacturing and, 370–79, 384–87

  and minting of coins, 355–57

  petitions to, 455, 456

  Philadelphia offices of, 338–39

  public debt bill and, 480–81

  reports to Congress by, see Report on a Plan for the Further Support of Public Credit; Report on Manufactures; Report on Public Credit; Report on the Mint

  size of, 291

  splitting of, 446

  Wolcott as secretary of, 479, 495, 503–4, 523, 524, 531, 547, 556, 558–59, 565, 572, 578, 595, 599, 611, 620, 621

  Wolcott as temporary head of, 452

  see also Coast Guard, U.S.; Customs Service, U.S. treaties, 112

  commercial, 294, 547

  Senate powers and, 257, 259, 486, 497

  U.S.-British, see American Revolution, peace treaty in; Jay Treaty

  U.S.-French, 436, 440, 442, 547, 630

  Uppington, Mary, see Faucette, Mary Uppington Valesco, Don Alvarez de, 26

  Valley Forge, Pa., 104, 107–13, 127–28

  Van Buren, Martin, 726

  Van Cortlandt, Pierre, Jr., 674–75

  Van Ness, William P., 683, 685–90, 695–96, 699–704,

  715–17

  Van Rensselaer, Margarita Schuyler (Peggy), 129,

  133, 160, 282, 641

  AH’s correspondence with, 130, 148

  death of, 644–45, 723

  Van Rensselaer, Stephen, 133, 285, 327, 421, 486, 542,

  644–45, 674

  Varick, Richard, 141, 198, 334, 482, 587

  Vattel, Emmerich de, 52

  Venable, Abraham B., 414–17, 424, 427, 530, 532–33,

  537–40

  Venezuela, 560, 566

  Venton, Ann Lytton (daughter), 39, 209

  Venton, Ann Lytton (mother), see Mitchell, Ann Lytton Venton

  Venton, John Kirwan, 39

  Vermont, 211, 580

  election of 1800 and, 632, 636, 638

  Verplanck, Gulian, 587

  Viomenil, baron de, 585

  Virginia, 152, 174–75, 223–24, 239, 305, 310–14, 327,

  330, 393, 498, 632, 678, 718

  in American Revolution, 160–65, 175, 313 armed insurrection expected in, 577–78, 599, 600 colonial, 65, 122

  debt of, 321, 322, 328

  election of 1800 and, 607, 610

  James Reynolds in, 365, 368

  militia of, 636

  ratification of Constitution in, 244, 257, 261, 262, 266, 267, 268, 538

  slavery in, 211, 212–13, 267, 312, 513

  Whiskey Rebellion and, 473

  Virginia Assembly, 213, 223, 313

  Virginia Plan, 230–32, 234, 238, 248

  Virginia Resolutions, 573–74, 576, 577

  Voltaire, 193, 314, 722

  Bank of the United States and, 349–54, 358 biography of, 351, 479

  birthday of, 661

  Burr’s relationship with, 74, 562

  cabinet appointments of, 286–87, 310, 458, 479, 504 capital site selection and, 326, 329

  Constitutional Convention and, 224, 228, 235, 236, 240, 241, 246, 499

  critics of, 82, 104–5, 113, 115, 116, 424, 425, 497–98, 530–31, 539

  death of, 600–601, 623, 710, 712, 713

  in election of 1789, 270–73

  in election of 1792, 419, 421, 423–24

  farewell address of, 505–8, 531, 544

  Federalist alliance of, 504, 601

  Federalist Papers and, 248, 249, 270–71

&nb
sp; Fraunces’s correspondence with, 428, 430 French Revolution and, 431, 434, 435–47, 465, 503

  Gates’s rivalry with, 104–6

  health problems of, 283, 323–24, 443

  inauguration of, 276–78, 281, 325, 431, 489 Jay Treaty and, 485–88, 494, 496–500, 502–3, 506, 539

  Jefferson-Madison-Hamilton feud and, 399, 400, 402–8, 424, 426, 611

  Jefferson’s correspondence with, 310, 314, 316, 320, 358, 380–81, 399, 454

  made head of Continental Army, 65, 66, 518 Madison’s break with, 498, 499

  military strategy of, 61, 83

  as military vs. political leader, 89, 90, 153 murder plots against, 75

  Neutrality Proclamation of, 435–43, 445 in New York, 66, 74–80, 140–42, 150–55, 184, 185, 276–83, 292, 295, 338, 489

  popularity of, 106, 114–15, 152

  portraits of, 2, 88, 335, 505, 642

  as president, first term, 276–83, 286–92, 294, 295, 302, 304, 310, 320, 323, 326, 329, 338, 340, 342, 345–46, 349–56, 358, 374, 389, 392, 395, 396, 399, 400, 402–8, 413, 431, 523

  as president, second term, 419, 421, 423–26, 428, 430, 431, 435–49, 452, 454, 455, 456, 458–61, 465, 468–83, 485–88, 494, 496–500, 502–10, 523, 539

  reserve of, 88, 89, 153, 173, 178, 240, 277–78, 279

  Shays’s Rebellion and, 225

  slavery and, 87, 212, 279

  Society of the Cincinnati and, 216, 217, 601 superb judgment of, 289–90

  surrogate sons of, 87, 88–89, 96

  temper of, 87, 88, 107, 149, 151–52, 424, 445 third term rejected by, 505

  threat of Newburgh mutiny and, 177–80 Virginia Resolutions and, 574

  Wolcott, Oliver, Jr. (cont.)

  Reynolds affair and, 423–26, 532

  as treasury secretary, 479, 495, 503–4, 523, 524,

  531, 547, 556, 558–59, 565, 572, 578, 595, 599,

  611, 620, 621

  Wood, Gordon, 184, 345, 552

  Wyche, William, 168–69

  Wythe, George, 228

  Waddington, Benjamin, 197

  Waddington, Joshua, 197–99

  Wadsworth, Jeremiah, 134, 200, 532

  Walker, Betsey, 532, 664

  Walker, John, 532, 664

  Walpole, Robert, 324

  War Department, U.S., 291, 598

  AH’s responsibility for, 471–77, 558

  Knox as secretary of, 289, 291, 329, 339, 358, 393, 440, 441, 445, 446, 471, 558, 596–97

  McHenry as secretary of, 504, 523, 524, 547, 553,

  557, 558, 559, 563, 565, 566, 593, 595, 596,

  611–14, 623

  War of 1812, 646, 647, 726

  Warren, Mercy, 363, 364, 522

  Washington, D.C., 276, 386, 727–28, 730–31 as capital, 357, 613, 635–39, 644, 657

  description of, 635–36

  Washington, George, 4, 5, 30, 42, 45, 196, 263, 431,

  481, 520, 572, 624, 627, 640, 648, 657, 659 Adams’s correspondence with, 557, 559–60 AH as wartime adjutant to, 5, 66, 85–129, 137–47,