The Bully Pulpit
“as stimulating as champagne”: Albuquerque [NM] Morning Journal, Oct. 16, 1909.
“Well, I’m back again”: New York Tribune, Nov. 11, 1909.
“full of despair”: AB to Clara, Nov. 14, 1909, in AB, Taft and Roosevelt, Vol. 1, p. 208.
CHAPTER TWENTY-FOUR: St. George and the Dragon
“a mere personal . . . matter of state”: Logansport [IN] Reporter, Nov. 18, 1909.
falling in behind Pinchot: AB to Clara, Nov. 14, 1909, in AB, Taft and Roosevelt, Vol. 1, p. 203.
the opening volley: New York Tribune, Nov. 10, 1909.
“there would be such a fire”: Current Literature (December 1909), p. 592.
“still in its infancy . . . astonishing consolidation”: New York Daily Tribune, Jan. 16, 1909.
“the public interest”: Emporia [KS] Gazette, April 29, 1909.
“I esteem it my duty”: New York Daily Tribune, Jan. 16, 1909.
“there was no time”: Pinchot, Breaking New Ground, p. 408.
“is the steward”: TR, An Autobiography, p. 464.
Within three weeks . . . to the public domain: Salt Lake Herald, April 22, 1909.
the previous administration had acted illegally: Washington Times, April 27, 1909.
Once the proper surveys . . . the Far West: Times-Herald (Burns, OR), April 3, 1909.
threat to “traditional western individualism”: Mowry, The Era of Theodore Roosevelt, p. 251.
“that a man could ride”: Times-Herald, April 3, 1909.
“on the basis of law”: WHT to William Kent, June 29, 1909, in Pringle, Life and Times, Vol. 1, p. 480.
“the end justified the means”: Springfield [MA] Daily Republican, April 30, 1909.
“sweeping declaration”: Knute Nelson, Louis R. Glavis, et al., Investigation of the Department of the Interior and of the Bureau of Forestry [hereafter Investigation] (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1911), Vol. 7, p. 4203.
“It is . . . not the Executive”: WHT to William Kent, June 29, 1909, in Pringle, Life and Times, Vol. 1, p. 481.
“further along . . . a different way”: Ibid., p. 476.
“Stop Ballinger”: Des Moines Daily News, May 2, 1909.
“cowboy methods”: Current Literature (December 1909), p. 592.
progressives, educated by . . . treachery of monopoly: Times-Herald, April 3, 1909.
“Attention! Land Thieves . . . predatory interests”: Tacoma [WA] Times, May 4, 1909.
“what was going on”: Pinchot, Breaking New Ground, p. 409.
Taft regarded Pinchot . . . a fanatical strain: WHT to Lawrence F. Abbott, Aug. 31, 1909, WHTP.
all too ready to attribute: WHT to HHT, Oct. 3, 1909, WHTP.
“protested as vigorously . . . water-power purposes”: Pinchot, Breaking New Ground, p. 409.
Greatly relieved, Garfield maintained: James R. Garfield, Diary, May 8, 1909, Garfield Papers.
“Everything is not . . . golden opportunities”: Springfield Daily Republican, April 30, 1909.
“five million acres”: Stephen Ponder, “ ‘Nonpublicity’ and the Unmaking of a President: William Howard Taft and the Ballinger-Pinchot Controversy of 1909–1910,” Journalism History (Winter 1994), p. 114.
“Was Conservation . . . the Old Guard?”: Pinchot, Breaking New Ground, p. 417.
“one excuse or another”: Spokane [WA] Press, Aug. 9, 1909.
enabling General Electric . . . millions of dollars: New York Tribune, Aug. 14, 1909.
“This is a true story”: Spokane [WA] Press, Aug. 9, 1909.
“Richard Achilles Ballinger . . . about it now”: Spokane [WA] Press, Aug. 10, 1909.
Pinchot’s speech . . . on the embattled secretary: NYT, Aug. 12, 1909.
“The purpose of . . . the gauntlet”: Pinchot, Breaking New Ground, p. 417.
“unequivocally . . . in process of formation”: The North American (Philadelphia), Aug. 11, 1909.
“strict construction . . . the many”: Pinchot, Breaking New Ground, p. 418.
“a storm of applause . . . wildest reception”: The North American, Aug. 11, 1909.
“deplorable fact . . . the second withdrawal”: Gifford Pinchot to WHT, Aug. 10, 1909, in Investigation, Vol. 2, p. 63.
“breathless interest . . . never been born”: Pinchot, Breaking New Ground, p. 419.
“He picked up his hat”: Spokane [WA] Press, Aug. 14, 1909.
“I have been in”: Seattle Star, Aug. 12, 1909.
“Hit ’em again . . . no conference with you”: Spokane [WA] Press, Aug. 14, 1909.
“questioned and quizzed . . . of the West”: Washington Post, Nov. 18, 1909.
“Mr. Ballinger’s silence”: San Francisco Call, Aug. 31, 1909.
“Gross misrepresentations”: The Ranch (Seattle, WA), Sept. 1, 1909.
“always believed . . . results accomplished”: Richard Ballinger to William Cowles, Dec. 9, 1909, in Ponder, “ ‘Nonpublicity’ and the Unmaking of a President,” Journalism History (Winter 1994), p. 117.
misplaced the decimal point: New York Tribune, Aug. 14, 1909.
“did not touch . . . its extreme corner”: Investigation, Vol. 2, p. 719.
“monopolists had grabbed off”: National Tribune (Washington, DC), Mar. 10, 1909.
“assumed a certain”: Chester Rowell to WHT, Aug. 27, 1909, WHTP.
“completely overshadowed”: Washington Times, Aug. 25, 1909.
“taken for granted . . . make good”: Washington Post, Aug. 26, 1909.
“the driving wedge . . . chasm”: Mowry, The Era of Theodore Roosevelt, p. 258.
“a slumbering volcano”: Tacoma [WA] Times, Aug. 24, 1909.
in desperation: L. R. Glavis to WHT, Aug. 11, 1909, in Investigation, Vol. 2, pp. 4–23.
acting “in good faith”: Gifford Pinchot to WHT, Nov. 4, 1909, in Vol. 4, p. 1224.
“into one property . . . benefit of all”: NYT, Jan. 2, 1911.
to give a Morgan-Guggenheim company . . . coal property: John Lathrop and George Kibbe Turner, “Billions of Treasure: Should the Mineral Wealth of Alaska Enrich the Guggenheim Trust or the U.S. Treasury?,” McClure’s (January 1910), p. 347.
“closely identified” with the members: Washington Times, Aug. 22, 1909.
“legal representative”: L. R. Glavis to WHT, Aug. 11, 1909, in Investigation, Vol. 2, p. 10.
“act as counsel”: Louis R. Glavis, “The Whitewashing of Ballinger,” Collier’s, Nov. 13, 1909, p. 16.
“I advised him . . . becoming public”: Gifford Pinchot to WHT, Aug. 10, 1909, in Investigation, Vol. 2, p. 63.
“Ballinger Mixed . . . evidence”: Salt Lake Tribune, Aug. 14, 1909.
would lead to the indictment of Ballinger: Washington Post, Aug. 26, 1909.
It was later revealed: Overton W. Price and A. C. Shaw to Gifford Pinchot, Jan. 5, 1910, in Investigation, Vol. 4, p. 1275.
“made notes upon his reading”: Titusville [PA] Herald, May 16, 1910.
“especially concerning . . . professional relation”: WHT to Richard Ballinger, Aug. 22, 1909, in Investigation, Vol. 2, p. 64.
he remembered little else: Gustav J. Karger, “Conversation with William Howard Taft, March 12, 1910,” Taft-Karger MSS, CMC.
“as full as possible”: WHT to Richard Ballinger, Aug. 22, 1909, in Investigation, Vol. 2, p. 64.
“has had nothing to do”: Frank Pierce to WHT, Sept. 1, 1909, in ibid., p. 188.
“issuance of patents”: H. H. Schwartz to WHT, Sept. 1, 1909, in ibid., p. 218.
“to kill some snakes”: Washington Post, Sept. 4, 1909.
On September 4 . . . left the land commissionership: Richard Ballinger to WHT, Sept. 4, 1909, in Investigation, Vol. 2, pp. 66–75.
in the summer of 1908 . . . “legal representative”: Richard Ballinger to WHT, Sept. 4, 9, & 10, 1909, in ibid., Vol. 2, pp. 68–70, 97, 100.
“several satchels”: Oakland [CA] Tribune, Sept. 6, 1909.
Myopia Hunt Club: Indiana [PA] Evening Gazette, Sept. 6, 1909
.
“reading the answers”: Titusville [PA] Herald, May 16, 1910.
“The cruel injustice”: WHT to Horace Taft, Sept. 11, 1909, WHTP.
“was very anxious . . . the evidence and his conclusions”: Titusville Herald, May 16, 1910.
“only shreds of . . . making false charges against them”: WHT to Richard Ballinger, Sept. 13, 1909, WHTP.
“misrepresentation . . . in his own defense”: These arguments were later made by Louis D. Brandeis on May 5, 1910, in Investigation, Vol. 7, pp. 3872–3874.
“The Ballinger adherents”: New York Tribune, Sept. 17, 1909.
“hasty action . . . of governmental discipline”: WHT to Gifford Pinchot, Sept. 13, 1909, WHTP.
“in holding Ballinger up”: WHT to Charles Nagel, Sept. 24, 1909, WHTP.
“Never at any . . . greatest losses”: Nevada State Journal, Sept. 26, 1909.
“as fanatical . . . after Ballinger”: WHT to George Wickersham, Oct. 7, 1909, WHTP.
“a state of . . . a break”: WHT to Charles Nagel, Sept. 24, 1909, WHTP.
“He is looking”: WHT to George Wickersham, Oct. 7, 1909, WHTP.
“I have been thinking”: Overton W. Price to Gifford Pinchot, Sept. 16, 1909, Pinchot Papers.
In the weeks . . . publicize his allegations: James R. Garfield, Diary, Sept. 21, 1909, Garfield Papers.
“as employees . . . immediate danger”: Overton W. Price and A. C. Shaw to Gifford Pinchot, Jan. 5, 1910, in Investigation, Vol. 4, p. 1279.
“going over in detail”: James R. Garfield, Diary, Sept. 21, 1909, Garfield Papers.
Shaw then aided Glavis: Norman Hapgood, The Changing Years, Reminiscences of Norman Hapgood (New York: Farrar & Rinehart, 1930), p. 182.
“Pinchot has spread”: WHT to HHT, Oct. 15, 1909, WHTP.
“read the article”: Hapgood, The Changing Years, p. 182.
No attempt was ever made: Pringle, Life and Times, Vol. 1, p. 498.
“the newspaper frenzy”: Ponder, “ ‘Nonpublicity’ and the Unmaking of a President,” Journalism History (Winter 1994), p. 116.
“The Whitewashing . . . in Ballinger’s Hands”: Glavis, “The Whitewashing of Ballinger,” Collier’s, Nov. 13, 1909, pp. 16–18.
The potential purchase of coal lands . . . railroads in the West: James L. Penick, Progressive Politics and Conservation: The Ballinger-Pinchot Affair (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1968), pp. 82–83.
“the natural resources of Alaska”: Pinchot, Breaking New Ground, p. 427.
“the muckrake periodical”: Mowry, The Era of Theodore Roosevelt, p. 257.
Glavis was likened to Ida Tarbell: Fairbanks [AK] Daily News-Miner, Dec. 17, 1909.
“a party to the conspiracy”: Filler, The Muckrakers, p. 333.
“circumstantial evidence . . . Alaska coal grants”: John Matthews to Gifford Pinchot, Jan. 8, 1910, Pinchot Papers.
Ballinger refused to give a detailed statement: Washington Post, Nov. 18, 1909.
“literary apostles . . . so asinine”: Richard Ballinger, “Press Release, Nov. 20, 1909,” Pinchot Papers.
“I have felt so thoroughly”: Richard Ballinger to William Cowles, Dec. 9, 1909, in Ponder, “ ‘Nonpublicity’ and the Unmaking of a President,” Journalism History (Winter 1994), p. 117.
“in favor of all”: James R. Garfield, Diary, Nov. 30, 1909, Garfield Papers.
“the goodness of a bad”: Gifford Pinchot to James R. Garfield, Dec. 4, 1909, Pinchot Papers.
“the whole controversy”: Gifford Pinchot to Charles R. Crane, Nov. 29, 1909, Pinchot Papers.
“that the situation had become”: Washington Post, Dec. 21, 1909.
“a coward . . . an honest man”: WHT to Reuben Melville, Dec. 24, 1909, WHTP.
“the whole affair”: Washington Post, Aug. 30, 1909.
Faced with Ballinger’s ultimatum: Washington Times, Dec. 22, 1909.
“any investigation . . . papers, or documents”: Pinchot, Breaking New Ground, p. 443.
“all the power . . . before the people”: Phillip Wells to William Kent, Dec. 22, 1909, WHTP.
A Washington “insider . . . to conduct the defense”: Filler, The Muckrakers, pp. 334–35.
“between special . . . at their expense?”: Pinchot, Breaking New Ground, pp. 444–45.
“out again defying . . . Let us see”: WHT to Horace Taft, Dec. 27, 1909, WHTP.
“the Ballingerites . . . old political time”: National Tribune (Washington, DC), Dec. 30, 1909.
“It remains true”: Current Literature (June 1910), p. 588.
“bring out . . . worst possible light”: Washington Times, Jan. 7, 1910.
the Forest Bureau’s involvement: Gifford Pinchot to Jonathan P. Dolliver, Jan. 5, 1910, in Investigation, Vol. 4, pp. 1283–85.
“to lay our hand”: Gifford Pinchot to W. K. Kavanaugh, Jan. 20, 1910, Pinchot Papers.
“official information . . . of public property”: Gifford Pinchot to Jonathan P. Dolliver, Jan. 5, 1910, in Investigation, Vol. 4, pp. 1283–84.
“One trouble . . . within him now”: AB to Clara, Jan. 7, 1910, in AB, Taft and Roosevelt, Vol. 1, pp. 253–54.
“had distressed him as much”: AB to Clara, Jan. 9, 1910, in ibid., p. 256.
“like a man almost ill”: AB to Clara, Jan. 7, 1910, in ibid., p. 254.
“There is only one”: AB to Clara, Jan. 9, 1910, in ibid., p. 256.
Taft directed Wilson to fire: El Paso [TX] Herald, Jan. 8, 1910.
“The plain intimations . . . a helpful subordinate”: WHT to Gifford Pinchot, Jan. 7, 1910, WHTP.
“looked refreshed”: AB to Clara, Jan. 9, 1910, in AB, Taft and Roosevelt, Vol. 1, p. 255.
“could have followed . . . to be overlooked”: La Crosse [WI] Tribune, Jan. 8, 1910.
“suffering from the same”: Post-Standard (Syracuse, NY), Jan. 8, 1910.
“Quite as admirable . . . public lands”: Literary Digest, Jan. 22, 1910, p. 128.
“the Roosevelt policies . . . friend of Mr. Pinchot”: Outlook, Jan. 22, 1910, p. 141.
“I cannot believe it”: TR to Gifford Pinchot, Jan. 17, 1910, Pinchot Papers.
“The appointment . . . meeting me in Europe?”: TR to Gifford Pinchot, Mar. 1, 1910, Pinchot Papers.
“The people have faith”: Pinchot, Breaking New Ground, p. 457.
“general-in-command . . . most convincing way”: National Tribune, Feb. 3, 1910.
“a keen disappointment . . . than a scandal”: Literary Digest, Feb. 12, 1910, p. 269.
“opened with a heavy volley”: National Tribune, Mar. 3, 1910.
had “been unfaithful”: Indianapolis Star, Feb. 28, 1910.
“the public clamor . . . unfaithful public servant”: National Tribune, Mar. 3, 1910.
“Pinchot has distinctly”: WHT to Horace Taft, Mar. 5, 1910, WHTP.
“proven nothing at all”: Horace Taft to WHT, Mar. 9, 1910, WHTP.
“so tedious” . . . Jim Jeffries: Arizona Republican (Phoenix, AZ), April 18, 1910.
“really decisive . . . he had to prove it”: Gifford Pinchot, “Interview with Louis D. Brandeis, March 3, 1940,” Pinchot Papers.
he finally discovered . . . after September 11: Frederick Kerby, “The Inside Story of How a Private Secretary Wrecked an Administration,” Unpublished ms [n.d.], enclosed in Frederick Kerby to Gifford Pinchot, Jan. 28, 1941, Pinchot Papers.
Brandeis revealed his discovery . . . cognizant of his peril: Pinchot, “Interview with Louis D. Brandeis, March 3, 1940,” Pinchot Papers.
“to make it appear”: New York Sun, April 23, 1910.
Prevented by the rules . . . leaked the story to the press: Washington Post, April 24, 1910.
Wickersham initially refused . . . backdated the report: Newport [RI] Daily News, May 12, 1910.
“there probably would”: National Tribune, May 19, 1910.
Their failure to do so . . . Congress and the country: Le Mars [IA] Globe-Post, May 16, 1910.
“an attitude of suspicion?
??: National Tribune, May 19, 1910.
“noted the similarities . . . match put to the pile”: Kerby, “The Inside Story,” Pinchot Papers.
“in his brief case . . . of the Lawler document”: Ibid.
“the so-called memorandum”: G. W. Wickersham to Knute Nelson, May 14, 1910, in Investigation, Vol. 7, p. 4364.
“of any material . . . resume of the facts”: Investigation, Vol. 7, pp. 3862, 3865–66.
“a restless tattoo”: New Castle [PA] News, April 30, 1910.
“an insult”: Investigation, Vol. 7, p. 3868.
“exhausted all channels”: Kerby, “The Inside Story,” Pinchot Papers.
He identified “certain portions”: Washington Times, May 14, 1910.
“specifically” prepared: Washington Times, May 15, 1910.
“Ballinger Accused”: Washington Times, May 14, 1910.
the story broke . . . on the golf course: Kerby, “The Inside Story,” Pinchot Papers.
suddenly “found . . . coincidences of all time”: Washington Times, May 16, 1910.
“treachery . . . unworthy”: Ibid.; Fort Wayne [IN] Weekly Sentinel, May 18, 1910.
“did not state . . . a written statement”: Titusville [PA] Herald, May 16, 1910.
“manly” assumption: Waterloo [IA] Evening Courier, May 18, 1910.
“the sequence of events”: Fort Wayne [IN] Weekly Sentinel, May 18, 1910.
“unimportant” statements: Washington Herald, May 15, 1910.
“There was absolutely . . . private offices”: Cited in Waterloo [IA] Evening Courier, May 18, 1910.
“the people who had”: National Tribune, May 19, 1910.
“until he was . . . fly into a rage”: Waterloo [IA] Evening Courier, May 18, 1910.
“came as a startling . . . the good faith”: San Antonio [TX] Light and Gazette, May 16, 1910.
“the puzzled . . . done nothing illegal”: Stewart Edward White, “The Ballinger Case,” The American Magazine (March 1910), p. 687.
“not a single fact”: Literary Digest, May 14, 1910.
“Rightly or wrongly”: Emporia [KS] Gazette, May 26, 1910.
Reflecting widespread sentiment . . . to resign: Indianapolis Star, June 10, 1910.
“His presence . . . long and unflinchingly”: Emporia [KS] Gazette, May 26, 1910.
“be regarded as”: “The Ballinger Case: A Review,” Outlook, June 11, 1910, p. 295.