Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin
excluded all circulation of air, and almost produced suffocation.
The captain and pilot had a long talk about the price, and some
altercation ensued, the captain not being willing to give the
price demanded by the pilot; during which time there was great
suffering below. The women became so exhausted that they
were mostly helpless; and the situation of the men was not much
better, though they managed with a stick to break some holes
through the canvass on their side, so as to let in a little air, but
a few only of the strongest could get there to enjoy it. Some
of them shouted for help as long as their strength would permit;
and at length, after what seemed to them an almost interminable
interview, the pilot left, refusing to assist them; the canvas
was removed, and the brig obliged to turn tack, and take another
course. Then one after another, as they got air and strength,
crawled out on deck. Mary and Emily were carried out by
their brothers as soon as they were able to do it.
Soon after this the stock of provisions ran low, and the water
failed, so that the slaves were restricted to a gill a day. The
sailors were allowed a quart each, and often gave a pint of it to
one of the Edmondsons for their sisters; and they divided it
with the other women, as they always did every nice thing they
got in such ways.
The day they arrived at the mouth of the Mississippi a
terrible storm arose, and the waves rolled mountain high, so
that, when the pilot-boat approached, it would sometimes seem
to be entirely swallowed by the waves, and again it would
emerge, and again appear wholly buried. At length they were
towed into and up the river by a steamer, and there, for the
first time, saw cotton plantations, and gangs of slaves at work
on them.
They arrived at New Orleans in the night, and about ten
the next day were landed and marched to what they called
the show-rooms, and, going out into the yard, saw a great many
men and women sitting around, with such sad faces that Emily
soon began to cry, upon which an overseer stepped up and
struck her on the chin, and bade her “stop crying, or he
would give her something to cry about.” Then pointing, he told
her “there was the calaboose, where they whipped those who
did not behave themselves.” As soon as he turned away, a slave-
woman came and told her to look cheerful, if she possibly could,
as it would be far better for her. One of her brothers soon
came to inquire what the woman had been saying to her; and
when informed, encouraged Emily to follow the advice, and
endeavoured to profit by it himself.
That night all the four brothers had their hair cut close,
their moustaches shaved off, and their usual clothing exchanged
for a blue jacket and pants, all of which so altered their ap-
pearance that at first their sisters did not know them. Then,
for three successive days, they were all obliged to stand in an
open porch fronting the street, for passers-by to look at, except,
when one was tired out, she might go in for a little time, and
another take her place. Whenever buyers called, they were
paraded in the auction-room in rows, exposed to coarse jokes
and taunts. When any one took a liking to any girl in the
company, he would call her to him, take hold of her, open her
mouth, look at her teeth, and handle her person rudely, fre-
quently making obscene remarks; and she must stand and bear
it, without resistance. Mary and Emily complained to their
brothers that they could not submit to such treatment. They
conversed about it with Wilson, a partner of Bruin and Hill,
who had the charge of the slaves at this prison. After this
they were treated with more decency.
Another brother of the girls, named Hamilton, had been a
slave in or near New Orleans for sixteen years, and had just
purchased his own freedom for one thousand dollars; having
once before earned that sum for himself, and then had it taken
from him. Richard being now really free, as the money was
deposited in Baltimore for his ransom, found him out the next
day after their arrival at New Orleans, and brought him to the
prison to see his brothers and sisters. The meeting was over-
poweringly affecting.
He had never before seen his sister Emily, as he had been
sold away from his parents before her birth.
The girls' lodging-room was occupied at night by about
twenty or thirty women, who all slept on the bare floor, with
only a blanket each. After a few days, word was received
(which was really incorrect), that half the money had been
raised for the redemption of Mary and Emily. After this they
were allowed, upon their brothers' earnest request, to go to their
free brother's house and spend their nights, and return in the
mornings, as they had suffered greatly from the mosquitos and
other insects, and their feet were swollen and sore.
While at this prison some horrible cases of cruelty came
to their knowledge, and some of them under their own observa-
tion. Two persons, one woman and one boy, were whipped to
death in the prison while they were there, though they were not
in the same pen, or owned by the same trader, as themselves.
None of the slaves were allowed to sleep in the day-time,
and sometimes little children sitting or standing idle all day
would become so sleepy as not to be able to hold up their
eyelids; but, if they were caught thus by the overseer, they
were cruelly beaten. Mary and Emily used to watch the little
ones, and let them sleep until they heard the overseers coming,
and then spring and rouse them in a moment.
One young woman, who had been sold by the traders for the
worst of purposes, was returned, not being fortunate (?) enough
to suit her purchaser; and, as is their custom in such cases, was
most cruelly flogged--so much so that some of her flesh
mortified, and her life was despaired of. When Mary and Emily
first arrived at New Orleans they saw and conversed with her.
She was then just beginning to sit up; was quite small, and
very fine-looking, with beautiful straight hair, which was formerly
long, but had been cut off short by her brutal tormentors.
The overseer who flogged her said, in their hearing, that he
would never flog another girl in that way--it was too much for
any one to bear. They suggest that perhaps the reason why he
promised this was because he was obliged to be her nurse, and
of course saw her sufferings. She was from Alexandria, but
they have forgotten her name.
One young man and woman of their company in the prison,
who were engaged to be married, and were sold to different
owners, felt so distressed at their separation that they could not
or did not labour well; and the young man was soon sent back,
with the complaint that he would not answer the purpose. Of
course, the money was to be refunded, and he flogged. He was
condemned to be flogged each night fo
r a week; and, after
about two hundred lashes by the overseer, each one of the male
slaves in the prison was required to come and lay on five lashes
with all his strength, upon penalty of being flogged himself.
The young woman, too, was soon sent there, with a note from
her new mistress, requesting that she might be whipped a
certain number of lashes, and enclosing the money to pay for it;
which request was readily complied with.
While in New Orleans they saw gangs of women cleaning the
streets, chained together, some with a heavy iron ball attached to
the chain; a form of punishment frequently resorted to for
household servants who had displeased their mistresses.
Hamilton Edmondson, the brother who had purchased his
own freeedom, made great efforts to get good homes for his
brothers and sisters in New Orleans, so that they need not be
far separated from each other. One day Mr. Wilson, the over-
seer, took Samuel away with him in a carriage, and returned
without him. The brothers and sisters soon found that he was
sold, and gone they knew not whither; but they were not
allowed to weep, or even look sad, upon pain of severe punish-
ment. The next day, however, to their great joy, he came to
the prison himself, and told them he had a good home in the
city with an Englishman, who had paid a thousand dollars for
him.
After remaining about three weeks in this prison, the Edmond-
sons were told that in consequence of the prevalence of the yellow
fever in the city, together with their not being acclimated, it
was deemed dangerous for them to remain there longer; and,
besides this, purchasers were loth to give good prices under
these circumstances. Some of the slaves in the pen were already
sick; some of them old, poor, or dirty, and for these reasons
greatly exposed to sickness. Richard Edmondson had already
been ransomed, and must be sent back; and, upon the whole, it
was thought best to fit out and send off a gang to Baltimore
without delay.
The Edmondsons received these tidings with joyful hearts, for
they had not yet been undeceived with regard to the raising of
the money for their ransom. Their brother who was free pro-
cured for them many comforts for the voyage, such as a mattress,
blankets, sheets, and different kinds of food and drink; and,
accompanied to the vessel by their friends there, they embarked
on the brig “Union” just at night, and were towed out of the river.
The brig had nearly a full cargo of cotton, molasses, sugar, &c.,
and, of course, the space for the slaves was exceedingly limited.
The place allotted the females was a little, close, filthy room,
perhaps eight or ten feet square, filled with cotton within two or
three feet of the top of the room, except the space directly under
the hatchway door. Richard Edmondson kept his sisters upon
deck with him, though without a shelter; prepared their food
himself, made up their bed at night on the top of barrels, or
wherever he could find a place, and then slept by their side.
Sometimes a storm would arise in the middle of the night, when
he would spring up and wake them, and, gathering up their bed
and bedding, conduct them to a little kind of a pantry, where
they could all three just stand, till the storm passed away.
Sometimes he contrived to make a temporary shelter for them
out of bits of boards, or something else on deck.
After a voyage of sixteen days, they arrived at Baltimore, fully
expecting that their days of slavery were numbered. Here they
were conducted back to the same old prison from which they
had been taken a few weeks before, though they supposed it
would be but for an hour or two. Presently Mr. Bigelow, of
Washington, came for Richard. When the girls found that they
were not to be set free too, their grief and disappointment were
unspeakable. But they were separated--Richard to go to his
home, his wife and children, and they to remain in the slave-
prison. Wearisome days and nights again rolled on. In the
mornings they were obliged to march round the yard to the
music of fiddles, banjoes, &c.; in the daytime they washed and
ironed for the male slaves, slept some, and wept a great deal.
After a few weeks their father came to visit them, accompanied
by their sister.
His object was partly to ascertain what were the very lowest
terms upon which their keeper would sell the girls, as he indulged
a faint hope that in some way or other the money might be
raised, if time enough were allowed. The trader declared he
should soon send them to some other slave-market, but he would
wait two weeks, and, if the friends could raise the money in that
time, they might have them.
The night their father and sister spent in the prison with
them, he lay in the room over their heads; and they could hear
him groan all night, while their sister was weeping by their side.
None of them closed their eyes in sleep.
In the morning came again the wearisome routine of the
slave-prison. Old Paul walked quietly into the yard, and sat
down to see the poor slaves marched around. He had never
seen his daughters in such circumstances before, and his feelings
quite overcame him. The yard was narrow, and the girls, as
they walked by him, almost brushing him with their clothes,
could just hear him groaning within himself, “O my children!
my children!”
After the breakfast, which none of them were able to eat, they
parted with sad hearts, the father begging the keeper to send
them to New Orleans, if the money could not be raised, as per-
haps their brothers there might secure for them kind masters.
Two or three weeks afterwards Bruin and Hill visited the
prison, dissolved partnership with the trader, settled accounts,
and took the Edmondsons again in their own possession.
The girls were roused about eleven o'clock at night, after they
had fallen asleep, and told to get up directly, and prepare for
going home. They had learned that the word of a slaveholder
is not to be trusted, and feared they were going to be sent to
Richmond, Virginia, as there had been talk of it. They were
soon on their way in the cars with Bruin, and arrived at Wash-
ington at a little past midnight.
Their hearts throbbed high when, after these long months of
weary captivity, they found themselves once more in the city
where were their brothers, sisters, and parents. But they were
permitted to see none of them, and were put into a carriage and
driven immediately to the slave-prison at Alexandria, where,
about two o'clock at night, they found themselves in the same
forlorn old room in which they had begun their term of captivity!
This was the latter part of August. Again they were em-
ployed in washing, ironing, and sewing by day, and always
locked up by night. Sometimes they were allowed to sew in
Bruin's house, and even to eat there. After they had been
 
; in Alexandria two or three weeks, their eldest married sister,
not having heard from them for some time, came to see Bruin,
to learn, if possible, something of their fate; and her surprise
and joy were great to see them once more, even there. After
a few weeks their old father came again to see them. Hopeless
as the idea of their emancipation seemed, he still clung to it.
He had had some encouragement of assistance in Washington,
and he purposed to go North to see if anything could be done
there; and he was anxious to obtain from Bruin what were the
very lowest possible terms for which he would sell the girls.
Bruin drew up his terms in the following document, which we
subjoin:--
Alexandria, Va., Sept. 5, 1848.
The bearer, Paul Edmondson, is the father of two girls, Mary Jane and Emily
Catherine Edmondson. These girls have been purchased by us, and once sent to
the South; and, upon the positive assurance that the money for them would be
raised if they were brought back, they were returned. Nothing, it appears, has
as yet been done in this respect by those who promised, and we are on the very
eve of sending them South the second time; and we are candid in saying that, if
they go again, we will not regard any promises made in relation to them. The
father wishes to raise money to pay for them; and intends to appeal to the libe-
rality of the humane and the good to aid him, and has requested us to state in
writing the conditions upon w