The Renaissance
25. Ibid., 243.
26. Sismondi, 747.
27. Villari, Machiavelli, I, 89.
28. Pastor, I, 27.
29. Villari, Machiavelli, 83; Symonds, Revival of Learning, 234.
30. Villari, I.c.
31. Pastor, II, 201.
32. Symonds, Revival, 237.
33. Burckhardt, 503.
34. Symonds, Revival, 240.
35. In Dopsch, Economic and Social Foundations of European Civilization, 2.
36. Vasari, Lives, II, 270, Andrea da Fiesole.
37. Fattorusso, 209.
38. Vasari, Lives, II, 209, Baldassare Peruzzi.
39. Beard, 153.
40. Symonds, Fine Arts, 134; Cambridge Modem History, I, 548.
41. Vasari, II, 52, The Bellini Family.
42. Baedeker, Northern Italy, 567.
43. Vasari, II, 306, Andrea del Sarto.
44. Ibid.
45. Sarton, IIIb, 1132.
46. Vasari, II, 239, Raphael.
47. In Taylor, R. A., Leonardo, 60.
48. Morey, C. R., Medieval Art, 340.
49. Vasari, II, 3, Fra Filippo Lippi.
50. Crowe and Cavalcaselle, New History of Painting in Italy, II, 324.
51. Symonds, Sketches and Studies in Italy and Greece, 21–6.
52. Machiavelli, History, vii, 1.
53. Guicciardini, Fr., History of the Wars in Italy, I, 181.
54. Machiavelli, History, vii, 1.
55. In Young, G. F., The Medici, 77.
CHAPTER IV
1. Machiavelli, History, vii, 2.
2. Ibid.
3. Cambridge Modern History, I, 661; Roscoe, Lorenzo, 156–7.
4.Roscoe, 169.
5. Ibid., 278; Young, 220.
6. Sismondi, 659; Villari, Life and Times of Savonarola, 45; Beard, 156.
7. Machiavelli, viii, 7.
8. Guicciardini, I, 5.
9. Roscoe, Lorenzo, 235.
10. Storia florentina, ch. ix, in Villari, Machiavelli, I, 35.
11. Translation by Symonds, Italian Literature, I, 390.
12. Varchi, end of book ix.
13. Sellery, G. C., The Renaissance, 196.
14. Pastor, V, 154.
15. Villari, Machiavelli, I, 132.
16. Abrahams, I., Jewish Life in the Middle Ages, 421.
17. In Pater, W., The Renaissance, 32.
18. Translated from the Latin text as given in Burckhardt, 354–5.
19. Symonds, Sketches, II, 319–20.
20. Pulci, Morgante maggiore, i, 54f, in Owen, 151.
21. XVIII, 115f, in Symonds, Italian Literature, I, Appendix V.
22. Canto xxv.
23. XXV, 229–30, in Prescott, Ferdinand and Isabella, I, 496.
24. In Roscoe, Lorenzo, 311.
25. Vasari, Life of Rustici.
26. Vasari, II, 98, Andrea Verrocchio.
27. Müntz, E., Raphael, 146.
28. Berenson, B., Study and Criticism of Italian Art, 2.
29. Vasari, II, 23, Benozzo Gozzoli.
30. Berenson, Florentine Painters of the Renaissance, 63; Taine, H. A., Italy: Florence and Venice, 127.
31. In The Martyrdom of St. Peter in the Brancacci Chapel.
32. Vasari, II, 85, 87, Botticelli.
33. Crowe and Cavalcaselle, II, 431–3.
34. Von Reumont, Lorenzo il Magnifico, II, 590, Creighton, III, 296–8, and Roscoe, Lorenzo, 327, accept Politian’s account; Villari, Savonarola, 168–72, prefers Pico’s. Politian’s third condition seems too innocuous to be historic.
35. Machiavelli, History, viii, 7; Guicciardini, I, 10.
36. Roscoe, Lorenzo, 334.
CHAPTER V
1. Noyes, Ferrara, 98.
2. In Roeder, R., The Man of the Renaissance, 6.
3. Ibid., 5.
4. Ibid.
5. Savonarola, 28th Sermon on Ezekiel.
6. In Villari, Savonarola, 126.
7. In Roeder, 25.
8. Villari, Savonarola, 129.
9. Symonds, Italian Literature, I, 386.
10. Villari, 183.
11. Ibid., 189.
12. Guicciardini, I, 173.
13. Villari, 343.
14. Roeder, 57.
15. Villari, 330.
16. Ibid., 329.
17. Guicciardini, II, 391.
18. Cambridge Modern History, I, 672 and ch. xix.
19. Villari, 393.
20. Ibid., 376.
21. Ibid., 390.
22. Ibid., 400.
23. Ibid., 401.
24. Ibid., 406.
25. Ibid., 410.
26. Ibid., 474.
27. Cambridge Modern History, I, 179.
28. Lenten sermons of 1497, no. 22, in Villari, 516–8.
29. Sermon no. 28, in Villari, 519–20.
30. Villari, 522.
31. Cambridge Modern History, I, 179.
32. Villari, 601.
33. Ibid., 645.
34. Cambridge Modern History, I, 182.
35. Vasari, II, 176, Piero di Cosimo.
36. Id., III, 319, Lombard Artists.
37. Crowe, III, 562.
CHAPTER VI
1. Beard, 134.
2. Boissonnade, 326.
3. Pastor, V, 126.
4. Sismondi, 746; Burckhardt, 296.
5. Ibid., 297.
6. Hollway-Calthrop, 14.
7. Thompson, J. W., Economic and Social History, 236.
8. Noyes, Milan, 132.
9. Thompson, 460; calculations made by Schmoller from governmental archives.
10. Burckhardt, 14; Symonds, Age of the Despots, 151.
11. Machiavelli, History, vii, 6; Sismondi, 620–1.
12. Cartwright, J., Beatrice d’Este, 260.
13. Müntz, E., Leonardo da Vinci, I, 103.
14. Taylor, R., Leonardo, 104.
15. In Cartwright, Beatrice d’Este, 165.
16. Cf., e.g., Cartwright, 78.
17. Sismondi, 741.
17a. In Noyes, Milan, 165.
18. Ibid., 183.
19. Cartwright, Isabella d’Este, I, 151.
20. Cartwright, Beatrice (d’Este, 370–3.
21. Ibid., 141.
22. In Symonds, Revival of Learning, 273.
23. Ibid., 269.
24. Cellini, Autobiography, i, 26.
CHAPTER VII
1. Leonardo da Vinci, Phaidon, 21; Taylor, Leonardo, 49.
2. Ibid., 488.
3. Codice Atlantico, in Leonardo da Vinci, Notebooks, II, 502.
4. Fogli A ior in Notebooks, I, 106.
5. Vasari, II, 160, Leonardo da Vinci; Paolo Giovio in Phaidon Leonardo, 5.
6. Vasari, II, 162; Codice Atlantico, 167 v.c. in Notebooks, II, 394.
7. Müntz, Leonardo, I, 192.
8. Matteo Bandelli in Müntz, Leonardo, I, 184.
9. Ibid., 187.
10. In Taylor, Leonardo, 231.
11. Müntz, I, 185; Cartwright, Beatrice, 138.
12. E.g., Müntz, II, 123.
13. MS. B 83 ν in Notebooks, II, 204; illustration facing p. 212.
14. Notebooks, II, 212.
15. Popham, A. E., Drawings of Leonardo da Vinci, plate 309.
16. Ibid., plate 308.
17. Müntz, II, 96.
18. B. M. 35 r in Notebooks, II, 96.
19. Popham, plates 305, 298, 303.
20. Phaidon Leonardo, 19.
21. Ibid., 16, quoting a 1540 Life of Leonardo.
22. Müntz, II, 158.
23. Ibid., 124.
24. Vasari, II, 166, Leonardo.
24a. Phaidon Leonardo, 23.
25. Taylor, R. A., Leonardo, xii.
26. Andrea Corsali, writing to Giuliano de’ Medici in 1515, in Müntz, I, 17.
27. Vasari, II, 157.
28. Trattato della pittura, 27 v, in Notebooks, II, 261.
29. MS 2037, Bibliothèque Nationale, 10 r in Notebooks II, 177.
30. A
56 in Notebooks, II, 24.
31. Berenson, Florentine Painters, 68.
32. Quaderni III, 12 ν in Notebooks, II, 529.
33. Richter, J. P., Literary Works of L. da V., II, 385–92; Müntz, I, 82–4.
34. In Müntz, II, 19.
35. Notebooks, I, 363; II, 13, 287–92.
36. Trattato 31 r and 30 v; Notebooks, 267–9.
37. Richter, I, #10.
38. Trattato 2 r; Bibl. Nat. ms. 2038; Notebooks, II, 235.
39. In Taylor, Leonardo, 355.
40. Trattato, 20 r; Notebooks, II, 245.
41. B 16 r and 15 ν in Notebooks, II, 424.
42. Vasari, II, 157.
43. Usher, in Nussbaum, 80.
44. Life Magazine, July 17, 1939.
45. Notebooks, I, 25.
46. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th ed., XXI, 230c.
47. A 27 v.a.; Notebooks, II, 437.
48. Codice Atlantico, 381 v.a.; Notebooks, 515.
49. Codice Atlantico, 45 r.a.; Notebooks, I, 442.
50. Sul volo, in Notebooks, I, 436.
51. Ibid., 437.
52. Codice Atlantico, 161 r.a.; Notebooks, I, 511.
53. Popham, 317–8.
54. Notebooks, I, 427.
55. B 83 ν; Notebooks, I, 517.
56. B 89 r; Notebooks, I, 519.
57. Sul volo, in Notebooks, I, 441.
58. Codice Atantico, 318 v.a.; Notebooks, I,5i3.
59. Taylor, Leonardo, 225.
60. Trattato, #10.
61. H 90 E 42 in Notebooks, II, 75.
62. Duhem, P., Ètudes sur Léonard de Vinci, I, 20, 22, 30; III, 54f.
63. In Freud, Leonardo da Vinci, 102.
64. Codice Atlantico, 367 v.b. in Notebooks, II, 500.
65. Popham, plate 161.
66. G 96 v; Notebooks, I, 625.
67. Richter, I, 11, no. 3.
68. Codice Atlantico, 190 r.a.
69. Qaderni v., 25 r, and F 41 ν; Notebooks, I, 310, 298.
70. Codice Atlantico, 303 v.b.
71. Duhem, I, 25f
72. Ibid., 25, 30; Notebooks, I, 302.
73. F 79 r; Notebooks, I, 330–1.
74. About 1338. Cf. D. Müntz, II, 91.
75. Codice Atlantico, 155 r.b.; Leic 8 ν, 9 r.v.
76. Richter, II, 265.
77. Codice Atlantico, 84 r.a.
78. Ibid., 160 v.a.
79. A 56 r; Leic 33 v; Notebooks, II, 21, 368.
80. Leic 36 r; Notebooks, II, 373.
81. E 8 v; Notebooks, I, 628.
82. B.M. 151 r; Notebooks, I, 602.
83. Codice Atlantico, 302 v.b.; Notebooks, I, 529; Müntz, II, 71.
84. Müntz, II, 79.
85. B 6 r; Notebooks, I, 284.
86. Codice Atlantico, 345 v.b.; Notebooks, I, 253.
87. Codice Atlantico, 244 r.a.; Notebooks, I, 248.
88. Richter, I, $$70–82.
89. Müntz, II, 78.
90. B.M. 57 v; Notebooks, II, 98.
91. Duhem, I, 204.
92. Codice Atlantico, 314, in Müntz, II, 75.
93. Vasari, II, 157.
94. Müntz, II, 87.
95. Ibid., 80.
96. Notebooks, I, 13.
97. Castiglioni, History of Medicine, 413–17.
98. Richter II, p. 132; Müntz, II, 84.
99. Fogli B, 10 v; Notebooks, I, 124.
100. Taylor, Leonardo, 406.
101. Humboldt, A. von, Kosmos, II, 324, in Müntz, II, 60.
102. In Garrison, History of Medicine, 216.
103. F 41 r; Notebooks, II, 47.
104. Codice Atlantico, 345 v.b.; Notebooks, I,243.
105. In Müntz, II, 32n.
106. Richter, II, p. 302, 363–4.
107. Ibid., II, p. 369.
108. Codice Atlantico, B 70 r.a.; Notebooks, II,504.
109. F 5 r and 4 v ν; Notebooks, I, 295.
110. Taylor, Leonardo, 22.
111. Ibid., 462.
112. Müntz, II, 31.
113. Codice Atlantico, 51 r.b.
114. A 24 r; Notebooks, I, 538; Richter, II, p. 285.
115. Taylor, 7.
116. Quoted in Müntz, II, 207.
117. Basler, Leonardo, 6.
118. Marcel Raymond in Taylor, 449–50.
119. Notebooks, I, 36.
120. Müntz, II, 22.
121. Taylor, 466.
CHAPTER VIII
1. Sismondi, 593.
2. 2, Vasari, I, 183, Spinello.
3. Id., II, 147, Signorelli.
4. E.g., Symonds, Sketches, III, 151.
5. Allegretto Allegretti in Symonds, Age of the Despots, 616.
5a. Craven, Treasury of Art Masterpieces, 1952 ed., 6.
6. Vasari, III, 286, Sodoma.
7. Ibid., 285.
8. Emporium Magazine, June, 1939, 354.
9. Crowe, III, 104, 106.
10. Vasari, II, 18; Gentile da Fabriano.
11. Matarazzo, Cronaca, in Symonds, Sketches, III, 134–5.
12. In Villari, Machiavelli, I, 355.
13. Symonds, Sketches, III, 129.
14. Crowe, III, 293.
15. Ibid., 183.
16. Vasari, II, 133, Perugino.
17. Thorndike, L., History of Medieval Europe, 675–6.
18. Vasari, II, 132, Perugino; Crowe, III, 223.
19. Symonds, Fine Arts, 297n.
CHAPTER IX
1. Brinton, The Gonzaga Lords of Mantua, 91.
2. Mantegna, L’oeuvre, xiv.
3. Cartwright, Isabella, I, 362.
4. Ibid., 83.
5. Ibid., 152.
6. Ibid., 4.
7. Ibid., 288.
8. Maulde, Women of the Renaissance, 432.
9. Cartwright, Isabella, II, 381.
CHAPTER X
1. Gregorovius, Lucrezia Borgia, 267.
2. Noyes, Ferrara, 82.
3. Ibid., 136.
4. Burckhardt, 47.
5. Ariosto, Orlando furioso, xxxiii, 2.
6. Noyes, Ferrara, 83.
7. Ibid., 82–4.
8. Symonds, Revival, 298–301.
9. Burckhardt, 323.
10. Carducci in Villari, Machiavelli, I, 410.
11. Ariosto, I Suppositi, Prologue.
12. Cf. Symonds, Italian Literature, I, 496n, and Ariosto, Satire ii, 94–9.
13. Orlando furioso, x, 95–6.
13a. Cf. Croce, Ariosto, Shakespeare, and Corneille, 65.
14. Orlando furioso, x, 84.
15. Satire vii, tr. Symonds.
16. In Symonds. Italian Literature, II, 323.
17.Rabelais, Pantagruel, ii, 1, 7.
18. Gregorovius, Lucrezia, 362.
CHAPTER XI
1. Comines, Memoirs, vii, 17.
2. Molmenti, P., Part I, Vol. II, 62.
3. Young, Medici, 28.
4. Beazley, Dawn of Modern Geography, 474
5. Thompson, J. W., Economic and Social History, 490.
6. Guicciardini, IV, 359.
7. Speech of Mocenigo, in Sismondi, 534n.
8. Molmenti, l.c., 42.
9. Ibid., 33.
10. Sismondi, 788.
11. Molmenti, 30.
12. Sismondi, 789.
13. Ibid.
14. Molmenti, 37–9.
15. Ibid., 94.
16. Burckhardt, 63.
17. Cambridge Modern History, I, 263; Molmenti, 12; Villari, Machiavelli, I, 464, 466; Foligno, Padua, 141.
18. Machiavelli, History, vi, 4.
19. Molmenti, Part I, Vol. II, 98.
20. Id., Part II, Vol. II, 240.
21. Ibid.
22. Petrarch, Letter of Sept. 21, 1373, in Foligno, 126.
23. Molmenti, Part I, Vol. II, 269.
24. Ibid., 22.
25. Cambridge Modern History, I, 269.
26. Molmenti, Part I, Vol. II, 21.
27. Cambridge Modern History, I, 268.
28. Vasari, I, 357, Antonello da Mess
ina.
29. Ibid., 358.
30. Gronau, G., Titian, 6.
31. Vasari, II, 47, The Bellini.
32. Mather, F. J., Venetian Painters, 91.
33. Molmenti, Part I, Vol. II, 160.
34. Carlo Ridolfo in Mather, 195.
35. Mather, 206.
36. Gronau, 28.
37. Ibid., 38.
38. Ibid., 35.
39. Ibid., 62.
40. Mather, 300.
41. Lombardia, II, 85.
42. Renard, G., Guilds of the Middle Ages, 36; Dillon, E., Glass, 222.
43. Quoted by Alan Moorehead in The New Yorker, Feb. 24, 1951.
44. Symonds, Revival, 369.
45. Putnam, G. H., Books, I, 438.
46. Symonds, Revival, 381.
47. Ibid., 411; Gregorovius, Lucrezia, 305; Noyes, Ferrara, 163.
48. Pastor, VIII, 191.
49. Cambridge Modern History, I, 564; Symonds, Revival, 398.
50. Maulde, 366–7.
51. Berenson, B., Venetian Painters, 31.
52. Vasari, III, 48, Veronese Artists.
53. Ibid., 49
54. Ibid., 30, Giov. Fr. Caroto.
CHAPTER XII
1. Stoecklin, Le Corrége, 21.
2. Vasari, II, 175, Correggio.
3. James, E. E. C., Bologna, 301.
4. Vasari, II, 118, Francia.
5. Ibid., 122
6. Berenson, North Italian Painters, 70.
7. James, E. E., 355.
8. Vasari, II, 123.
9. Sismondi, 737.
10. Symonds, Sketches, II, 17.
11. Burckhardt, 454.
12. Sismondi, 737.
13. Villari, Machiavelli, I, 117–8; Pastor, III, 117.
14. Symonds, Sketches, II, 20.
15. Burckhardt, 454.
16. Pastor, III, 117.
17. Miniatures de la Renaissance, 79.
18. Müntz, Raphael, 5.
19. Castiglione, The Courtier, 231.
20. Roeder, Man of the Renaissance, 175.
21. Cartwright, Isabella, I, no.
22. Maulde, 294.
23. Roeder, 222.
24. Ibid., 397.
25. Castiglione, 188.
26. Ibid., 310.
27. Ibid., 304.
28. Ibid., 306.
29. Ibid., 286.
30. Cartwright, Baldassare Castiglione, II, 430.
CHAPTER XIII
1. Burckhardt, 226.
2. Pastor, I, 13–7; Villari, Machiavelli, I, 96–7; Symonds, Revival, 258.
3. Cf. Sellery, Renaissance, 202Î.
4. Pastor, I, 19–21; Villari, Machiavelli, I, 98.
5. Pastor, V, 115; Burckhardt, 36–7; Villari, Machiavelli, I, 58; Sismondi, 739; Symonds, Age of the Despots, 570–2; but these rely on Paolo Giovio, an historian favorable to the popes.