The Age of Faith

  Ceuta, 284, 329

  Ceylon, 208, 238, 242, 993

  Chalcedon, 147, 424

  Council of, 49, 61, 64

  Chalcis, 9, 51

  Chalcondylas, Demetrius, 907

  Chama ben Ilae, 361

  Champagne, 401, 480, 615, 695

  champions, paid, 568

  champlevé, 849

  Champollion, Jean François, 237

  Chananya, 367

  chancery, papal, 545, 768

  chandeliers, 287, 303

  Chang-an, 198, 241

  Chanoch, 369

  Chanson de Roland, 462, 576, 578, 697, 1030-1031

  chansons de geste, 697, 1042, 1044-1051, 1054

  chants, Ambrosian, 896

  Gallican, 897

  Greek and Syrian, 895

  Gregorian, 895, 896-897, 899, 1085

  Mozarabic, 897

  chapels, 863, 891

  chapter house, 883

  Charibert, 94

  charity, 77-78, 360, 379, 433, 470, 521, 785, 805, 820, 844, 1060, 1083

  administration of, 831

  Christian, 1002

  communal, 382-383

  ecclesiastical, 706

  Jewish, 361

  of St. Francis, 796

  organized, 378, 818

  Charlemagne, 93, 150, 198, 200, 207, 370, 443, 450, 452, 459, 461-471, 476, 479, 480, 483, 484, 492, 500, 510, 525, 526, 528, 535, 541, 544, 547, 564, 579, 587, 626, 660, 662, 663, 673, 763, 765, 817, 831, 845, 848, 897, 913, 914, 1019, 1030, 1031, 1044, 1063, 1078

  capitularies of, 630, 633

  court of, 1018

  law of, 824

  truce of, 837

  “Charlemagne’s cloak,” 440

  Charles IV, 696

  Charles V, 315, 316

  Charles of Anjou, 694, 699, 726, 727, 912, 963

  Charles the Bald, Holy Roman Emperor, 472, 473, 474, 476-479, 497, 515, 531, 833, 904, 914

  Charles the Fat, Holy Roman Emperor, 472, 474

  Charles the Good, Count of Flanders, 568

  Charles Martel, 292, 461, 463, 766

  Charles III the Simple, King of France, 275, 472

  Charles, son of Charlemagne, 470, 471

  Charles of Valois, 730-731, 812

  Charter of Love, 788

  charters, 389, 638, 690, 699, 828, 882

  Chartres, 474, 475, 476, 481, 695, 753, 846, 863, 914, 923, 1023

  school of, 949-953

  Cathedral, 132, 317, 579, 691, 697, 753, 858, 859, 860, 861, 865, 873, 874, 875, 877-880, 882, 883, 892, 1084

  chastity, 76, 527, 798, 804, 805, 824, 1026, 1038

  Châteaudun, 892

  Château Gaillard, 892

  châteaux, 850, 892

  libraries in, 909

  Chaucer, Geoffrey, 343, 681, 805, 806, 830, 904, 905, 1019, 1045, 1052*, 1054

  chauvinism, 458

  cheating, 829

  checkers, 838

  chemistry, 122, 244-245, 305, 720, 911, 994, 996-997, 1000, 1012

  Chernigov, 448, 653, 656

  cherubim, 354, 1079

  chess, 342, 838, 928

  Chester, 487

  Chevalier de la charette, Le (Chrétien), 1045

  Chichester Cathedral, 871

  Childebert I, 92

  Childebert II, 92

  Childeric I, 91

  Childeric III, 461

  childlessness, voluntary, 360

  children, 138, 381, 466, 821, 825, 826, 864, 1007

  of aristocracy, 562-563

  care of, 360

  Christian, 388

  German, 838

  of heretics, 781

  illegitimate, 529, 822

  Jewish, 360-361, 380, 390

  peasant, 557

  poor, 914

  of priests, 542

  sacrifice of, 386

  school, 360

  unbaptized, 984-985

  Chilperic, 92-93, 94, 370, 530-531

  China, 49, 118, 140, 150, 152, 219, 236-238, 242, 263, 277, 285, 376, 441, 616, 617, 655, 658, 993

  Chinchilla, 851

  Chinese, 209, 216, 236, 328, 658, 989, 996

  Chinon, 672

  Chintila, 370

  Chioggia, 713

  Chios, 440

  Chirurgia (Salicetti), 1001

  Chirurgia magna (Lanfranchia), 1001

  chivalry, 459, 496, 551, 552-579, 651, 669, 698, 748, 844, 1018, 1039, 1045, 1046, 1049, 1084

  Chivi al-Balchi, 367

  Chlodio, 91

  Chlodomer, 92

  Chlotar I, 92, 94

  Chlotar II, 93, 460

  Chlotar IV, 461

  Choice of Pearls (ibn Gabirol), 406

  choirs, 859, 885, 886, 896, 1027

  cholera, 379

  Chosroes, see Khosru

  Chrétien de Troyes, 81, 1045-1046, 1049, 1086

  Christ, 18, 30, 53, 58, 59, 63, 66, 68, 69, 70, 74-75, 81, 83, 103, 123, 127, 128, 131, 132, 133, 139, 147, 161, 167, 184, 185, 186, 211, 214, 215, 229, 230, 231*, 238, 254, 342, 353*, 362, 367, 386, 401, 426, 439, 442, 477, 496, 508, 518, 523, 526, 528, 529, 546, 585, 591, 592, 593, 606, 630, 649, 705, 719, 720, 732, 733, 734, 737, 739, 740, 742, 743, 744, 759, 769, 772, 776, 787, 790, 793, 794, 796, 802, 808, 820, 860, 887, 889, 908, 942, 944, 945, 946, 976, 977, 994, 1017, 1018, 1021, 1022, 1023, 1024, 1028, 1031, 1046, 1063, 1066, 1070, 1078, 1079

  blood of, 741, 744, 1020

  divinity of, 7-8, 47, 48, 49, 62, 385, 418

  horoscope of, 988

  mosaic of, 439, 440

  nature of, 107, 115, 116, 205, 249, 524

  Vicar of, 551

  visions of, 799, 855

  “Christ” (Cynewulf), 491

  Christ in Glory (Cimabue), 855

  Christendom, 72, 75, 121, 127, 138, 186, 209, 217, 223, 239, 249, 253, 267, 311, 332, 337, 338, 341, 342, 343, 347, 403, 405, 406, 414, 441, 444, 512, 529, 554, 572, 586, 588, 602, 607, 608, 626, 671, 738, 787, 808, 811, 819-844, 914, 929, 949, 951, 987, 1006

  East and West, 544

  evils of, 763

  intellectual center of, 434

  and Islam, 376

  Jewish life in, 374-385

  Jews of, 366, 380, 395

  Latin, 221, 257, 298, 517, 526, 627, 765, 817, 868, 982, 990

  literature of, 1049

  united, 763, 777, 817

  Western, 1009, 1022

  Christian belief, 338

  conquest of Europe, 530-537

  Fathers, 985

  shrines, 858

  Christianity, 15-16, 17, 21, 30, 32, 44-79, 81, 83, 88, 90, 91, 93, 95, 99, 101, 111, 112, 123, 126, 127, 128, 132, 139, 143, 145, 156, 163, 170, 176, 178, 182, 183, 185, 187, 200, 204, 252, 258, 289, 290, 305, 333, 340, 341, 343, 347, 356, 360, 370, 386, 388, 389, 390, 402, 415, 425, 426, 442, 443, 444-445, 456, 470, 477, 483, 489, 492, 496, 497, 502, 503, 504, 505, 508, 511, 523, 535, 551, 569, 575, 576, 579, 585, 586, 608, 658, 659, 710, 714, 721, 732, 733, 736, 737-738, 769, 777, 786, 801, 802, 807, 811, 820, 821, 825, 843, 844, 857, 867, 905, 930, 932, 939, 949, 955, 958, 962, 966, 974, 977, 978, 980, 982, 983, 1010, 1012, 1022, 1036, 1068, 1082, 1083

  Armenian, 204-205

  British, 533-534

  challenge to, 530

  doctrines of, 735

  early, 835

  Eastern, 74, 116

  German, 534-535, 665

  Gnostic, 251

  Greek, 426, 432, 442, 446, 655, 808

  Greek and Roman, 103, 140, 205, 528, 530, 535, 544

  hatred for, 364

  heretical, 530

  Oriental, 70

  rationale of, 941

  Roman, 116, 445, 446, 468, 535, 655, 659, 660, 706, 783, 816

  Spanish, 459

  Christians, 7-9, 18, 21, 34, 35, 38, 46, 48, 49, 51, 53, 56, 58, 62, 63, 72, 75, 76, 77, 78 112, 122, 142, 147, 156, 163, 164, 180, 182, 190, 194, 202, 208, 216, 218, 222, 233, 243, 252, 285, 289, 290, 292, 299, 300, 301, 303, 305, 307, 309, 312, 314, 315, 316, 333, 334, 338, 343, 347, 348, 349, 355, 356, 360, 371, 372, 373, 3
74, 375, 377, 379, 380, 385, 389, 401, 404, 407, 408, 410, 416, 447, 458-460, 464, 467, 481, 517-551, 564, 572, 575, 588, 590, 591, 593, 596, 597, 598, 600, 607, 608, 612, 616, 645, 652, 697, 705, 711, 725, 732, 734, 770, 777, 780, 792, 802, 820, 829, 831, 895, 910, 929, 938, 939, 980, 984, 985, 1008, 1014, 1018, 1023, 1027-1028, 1041

  in Arabia, 171

  Coptic, 440

  Damascene, 230

  Eastern, 219

  islamic, 300

  and Jews, 370

  laws for, 755

  Monophysite, 282

  Nestorian, 138, 240, 993

  persecution of, 554, 784, 844

  in Persia, 139-140

  Spanish, 955

  Christmas, 797, 841

  mythology, 62*

  Christopher, St., 743, 1021-1022

  Christos Pantocrate, 705

  Chrobati, 446

  Chronica maiora (Matthew Paris), 1020

  Chronicle (Jocelyn), 926

  Chronicle (Nennius), 1045

  Chronicle (Salimbene), 804

  Chronicle of the XXIV Generals of the Order, 1014

  chroniclers, 429, 674, 767, 1019, 1045, 1084

  chronicles, 308, 851, 854, 1019, 1044

  Chronicles (Froissart), 822

  Chronicon (Cassiodorus), 99

  Chronographia (Psellus), 438

  chronology, 1009, 1067

  Chrysanthius, 11

  Chrysoloras, 1082, 1086

  Chrysostom, St. John, 9, 54, 55, 57, 63-64, 78, 120, 825, 842

  Church, the, 18, 44-46, 68, 73, 75-78, 79, 89, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 100, 113, 300, 341, 353*, 364, 377, 392*, 401, 404, 416, 425, 429, 430, 431, 450, 456, 461, 462, 464, 467, 468, 471, 480, 514-516, 517-551, 554, 556, 557, 559, 566, 568, 571, 572, 574, 575, 576, 586, 600, 612, 621, 626, 628, 630. 632, 664, 668, 671, 672, 675, 690, 694, 695, 698, 699, 701, 707, 722, 754, 763, 772-774, 777, 779, 780, 785, 786*, 791, 801-804, 809, 810, 811, 812-813, 816, 818, 819, 820, 823, 824, 825, 826, 828, 829, 830, 831, 835, 841, 842, 845, 848, 854, 865, 881, 903, 906, 907, 913, 917, 925, 926, 930, 931, 932, 937, 945, 947, 952, 953, 958, 968, 978, 980, 981, 985, 986, 987, 988, 996, 1012, 1014. 1022, 1027, 1028, 1029, 1036, 1038, 1041, 1055, 1063, 1083, 1085

  Armenian, 205

  benefices, 542

  British, 534

  Christian, doubts of, 769

  creed of, 857, 1083

  and dancing, 838

  doctrines, 47-49, 929, 941

  dogmas of, 957, 1052

  Eastern, 50, 64, 74, 124, 426, 525, 527, 581, 765

  Eastern and Western, 107, 108, 115-116

  English, 676, 766

  Fathers, 55, 426, 630, 921, 933, 939, 944, 959, 967, 975

  feudalized, 564

  French, 571, 697, 864, 923, 976

  German, 511, 535, 543

  Greek, 424, 431, 469, 527-533, 536, 544, 592, 605, 651, 652, 762, 765

  Irish, 682

  Italian, 1086

  and Jews, 387, 393

  Monophysite, 107

  role of, 917

  Roman, 51, 88, 112, 434, 469, 529, 605, 611, 651, 765, 817, 923

  Roman Catholic, 539*, 732-768

  Russian, 536, 653, 656

  in Scotland, 683

  secular heirarchy of, 537

  Spanish, 370

  and state, 45-46, 364, 468, 472, 547-551, 760, 923, 976

  wealth of, 631, 767, 1026

  Church of the Apostles, Constantinople, 441

  Church History of the English Nation (Bede), 488

  Church of the Holy Sepulcher, Jerusalem, 285

  churches, 93, 218, 230, 272, 285, 289, 300, 404, 408, 426, 429, 432, 435, 440, 444, 449, 456, 474, 476, 479, 484, 492, 500, 503, 529, 532, 631, 636, 652, 666, 703, 753-754, 767, 785, 863, 895, 914

  abbey, 846, 863

  Eastern, 867

  English, 870

  Greek Christian, 348

  Milan, 896

  pre-Gothic, 873

  Roman, 127, 812

  Romanesque, 869-870

  Sienese, 727

  Cicero, Marcus Tullius, 15, 32, 52, 72, 76, 78, 85, 87, 93, 100, 120, 860, 879, 915, 1014, 1018, 1022, 1070

  letters of, 439

  orations of, 539

  Cid, 701, 1030

  Cid, El, 459-460, 1031

  Cilicia, 13, 425, 599, 652, 663

  Cimabue, 802, 846, 852, 855-856, 888, 1085

  Cincinnatus, Lucius Quintius, 34

  Cino da Pistoia, 1057

  Cinque Ports, 617, 677

  cipher, 241

  Circumcelliones, 48

  circumcision, 233, 299, 357, 379, 382, 418, 751

  circuses, 127, 450, 840

  Cistercians, 621, 792, 805, 812, 909

  Cîteaux, 789

  monastery at, 788

  monks of, 602

  cities, 293, 295, 296, 347, 374, 456, 484, 572, 618, 637, 639, 642-643, 645, 685, 766, 797, 803, 913, 915, 916, 1018, 1084

  Baltic, 915

  Chinese, 710

  Dutch, 640

  English, 842

  Flemish, 621, 640

  free, 699

  French, 690, 841, 842

  German, 511, 665, 710, 842

  holy, 264

  Islamic, 227-234, 291

  Italian, 474, 662-663, 712, 724, 888, 918, 919, 1062, 1085

  Lombard, 638, 664, 713, 716, 721, 723, 791, 916, 1063

  Moorish, 304

  Portuguese, 702

  Roman, 637

  Russian, 653, 656

  Spanish, 295, 297, 459, 699, 701

  Western, 846

  of Western Asia, 341

  citizenship, 388, 712

  City of God (Augustine), 30, 72-73

  city-states, Italian, 762

  of Moslem Spain, 306

  Spanish, 296

  Ciullo d’Alcamo, 1056

  civilization, 206, 278, 282, 332, 343-344, 405, 445, 451, 459, 464, 470, 475, 534, 579, 788, 819, 820, 844, 852, 854, 900, 1063, 1083, 1085, 1086

  Anglo-Saxon, 485-491

  Byzantine, 118-135, 427-428, 442, 450

  Christian, 697

  classic, 894

  European, 646, 656

  French, 575, 771

  German, 514-516

  Greek, 442

  Irish, 496-501

  Islamic, 153-344, 609, 611, 1082*

  Italian, 456-458

  Judaic, 345-419

  Roman, 23, 107, 843

  Sasanian, 243

  Spanish, 701

  Viking, 504-510

  Clairvaux, 594, 789-791, 792

  clans, 495, 497, 501

  Serb, 657

  Clara, St., 798, 805-806

  Clarendon, 671

  Assize of, 680

  Constitutions of, 671, 672

  class, artisan, 619

  mercantile, 618, 631

  differences, 379, 839, 840

  feeling, in Britain, 648

  raiment, 833

  war, 209-210, 295-296, 306, 646-649, 685, 729

  classes, 637, 646, 695, 756, 845, 934

  business, 908

  educated, 263, 294, 307, 954

  in Florence, 729

  university, 921

  upper, 280, 302

  classics, 365, 477, 724, 907, 939, 944, 952, 1018, 1027

  Confucian, 265

  copies of, 906

  Greek, 239, 497, 907, 1086

  Latin, 466, 915, 1023, 1086

  classrooms, 927

  Claudian, 30, 33, 56, 75, 78

  Claudius, Bishop of Turin, 743

  cleanliness, 356-357, 386, 456, 835, 836, 1001

  Clement I, St., 525

  Clement II, 540

  Clement III, 550-551

  Clement IV, 726, 765, 993, 1007, 1014

  Clement V, 610, 680, 695, 755, 782, 783, 815-816, 1000, 1072

  Clement of Alexandria, 630

  Cleopatra, 1070

  clerestory, 867, 873

  clergy, 53, 426, 429, 434, 441, 463, 465, 466, 467, 468, 472, 481, 500, 515, 521, 53
7, 541-542, 546, 551, 553, 559, 640, 646, 653, 696, 706, 754, 756-760, 763, 768, 769, 784, 812, 813, 817, 847, 878, 900, 904-905, 908, 915, 916, 921, 927, 941, 998, 1000, 1013, 1029-1030

  Anglo-Saxon, 668

  Christian, 18, 373, 389, 596, 763

  of Constantinople, 529

  Dutch, 686

  English, 668, 671, 675, 676, 677, 679, 683

  French, 694, 814, 815

  Gallic, 531, 533

  German, 543, 663

  Greek, 528, 604, 605

  Irish, 682

  Italian, 540

  Latin, 528, 652

  Norman, 668

  Russian, 653

  secular, 404, 521, 757, 785, 787, 802, 914

  Spanish, 95, 700

  Clericos laicos (Boniface VIII), 813, 815

  Clermont, 86, 87, 586

  Council of, 387

  Clichy, Council of, 630

  Cligès (Chrétien), 1045

  clinics, 330

  clocks, 995, 1084

  cloisonné, 847

  Clonard, school at, 497

  Clonmacnois, 500

  school at, 497

  Clontarf, 500

  Clorumia, 147

  Clotaire, see Chlotar

  Clothilde, 91, 92

  Clovis, 91-92, 93, 94, 349

  Cloyne, 500

  Cluny, 537, 786, 791, 831, 847, 868-869, 946, 947

  library of, 909

  monk artists of, 845

  Clyde, Firth of, 501

  Cnut, 485, 491, 492-493, 503, 924, 986

  Code des Rhodiens, 620

  codes, barbarian, 434, 567

  maritime, 342, 1083

  Codex Constitutionum, 111-112

  Coimbra, 292, 869

  coin clipping, 378, 625

  coinage, 299, 695

  Arab, 208

  gold, 622, 625-626

  private, 566

  rights, 626

  silver, 487

  coins, Augustan, 625

  clipped, 380

  of Frederick II, 718-719

  German, 1041

  coitus, 1002

  coitus interruptus, 824

  Colchis, 119

  College of Eighteen, Paris, 922

  Collège des Hautes Études, Paris, 440

  colleges, 236, 239, 285, 293, 304, 319, 366, 500, 514, 828, 922, 923, 924, 925, 978, 1084

  collegia, 29, 922

  Colmar, 472

  Cologne, 12, 88, 92, 369, 390, 391, 462, 474, 476, 516, 545, 606, 615, 619, 624, 635, 640, 642, 769, 830, 870, 903, 914, 922, 960, 962, 977, 980, 1025

  Archbishop of, 664, 758

  Cathedral, 865, 886-887, 889

  Colonna family, 706, 812, 815, 817

  Colonna, Jacopo and Pietro, 812-813

  Sciarra, 815

  colonies, 370, 440, 447, 1086

  colonnades, 865, 891

  colors, 879-880

  heraldic, 562*

  and mixtures, 847

  oil, 854, 997

  Colosseum, Rome, 450

  Columba, St., 532, 533, 579

  Columban, St., 532-533

  Columbkille, 532

  Columella, Lucius Junius Moderatus, 558

  Columbus, Christopher, 617, 1010, 1082, 1085