Killing Pablo: The Hunt for the World's Greatest Outlaw

  Rodríguez-Gacha and, 109;

  in Somalia, 285;

  technological wizardry of, 356;

  U.S. presence in Colombia and, 345

  Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 13–15, 58, 98–9, 101–4, 108, 178, 180, 186, 187, 194–5, 208, 211, 217, 221, 225, 237, 256, 265, 273–4, 276, 279, 280, 289–93, 365–8, 371, 373;

  airplanes of, 204, 206;

  Cold War and, 96;

  Falcon Aviation and, 102–3;

  General Noriega and, 61;

  Los Pepes and, 289–90;

  overthrow of Salvador Allende and, 235;

  personality assessment of Escobar, 211;

  Marxist guerrillas and, 98;

  rivalry with Centra Spike, 227–8, 298, 352;

  speciality of, 187

  Cheney, Dick, 186, 196

  Chile, 235, 259, 349

  Chispas (outlaw), 18

  Christiani, Alfredo, 326

  civil wars, 12, 17, 42

  Clark, Dick, 290, 342

  Clinton, Bill, 224, 258, 289

  Clinton administration, 255–6, 260, 285, 287,

  cocaine, 24, 29–39, 42–3, 45–9, 56–7, 59–61, 63, 66–7, 74, 76, 78, 84–5, 92, 94, 109–10, 113, 126, 128, 135–8;

  Marxist guerrillas and, 58;

  U.S. war on drugs and, 56, 73

  cocoa, 20, 33, 58, 59, 63, 78

  Cold War, 15, 96

  Colombia, 11, 21, 29, 30, 37, 45, 47, 53–4, 60, 63, 66, 68, 69, 74, 78, 92, 93, 139, 360;

  armed forces of, 44–5, 78, 85, 104;

  elections in, 41;

  history of, 13, 15–17, 42, 45, 47;

  justice in, 40–41, 44, 72;

  martial law in, 75;

  national debt, 63;

  reaction to Escobar's death, 341, 352;

  ruling class of, 42, 45, 47, 51, 60, 120;

  sovereignty of, 44, 60, 70;

  treaties with United States, 43, 155;

  U.S. policy toward, 37, 72, 85, 99;

  violence as way of life in, 13, 17–19, 22, 127

  communism, 10, 15, 58, 186, 196

  Connolly, John, 101

  Conservative Party, 13, 17, 18, 48, 64

  contrabandistas, 24, 43

  Contras (Nicaraguan rebels), 67

  Corrales, Roberto, 278

  Correa, Fernando, 276, 277, 279

  Costa Rica, 259

  counterterrorism, 80, 86, 107, 183, 187, 236

  Cuba, 15, 235

  "Dakota," 191

  DAS (Departamento Administrativo de Seguridad), 32, 89, 98, 323, 348;

  assassinations and, 33, 72, 77, 95;

  bombing attack on, 106, 109;

  Escobar's imprisonment and, 154;

  telephone monitoring and, 110

  de Jesus Alvero. See "Limon" (Escobar's bodyguard)

  death squads, 236, 289

  debt collection, 27–8

  Delta Force, 187–8, 195–9, 201–4, 205, 206, 221, 225–6, 236, 260, 271, 286–8, 290, 340, 369, 370, 372–5;

  Escobar's death and, 344;

  Los Pepes and, 237, 289;

  technological wizardry of, 356

  Desquite (outlaw), 16

  dictatorships, 18

  DIFIN (Dirección Central de Policiá Judicial e Investigación), 89, 98, 110, 273, 313, 349

  Doctor, El. See Escobar, Pablo

  dons (powerful men), 25, 29, 39, 43, 61

  Downing, Gen. Wayne, 188, 286

  Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), 66, 67, 68, 73, 74, 181, 186, 357–9, 363, 366, 369–75;

  activities in Colombia, 85, 86, 264;

  Colombian police and, 98, 235;

  Escobar family's flight and, 294, 297;

  Escobar's escape and, 181;

  informants and, 299, 356;

  Los Pepes and, 237, 238, 260, 343;

  specialty of, 187

  Echavarria, Diego, 28–9

  Echavarria, Adriana, 282

  Ecuador, 32, 326

  El Salvador, 236, 243, 326

  ELN (Ejército de Liberación Nacional), 37, 45, 58, 73, 236, 237

  Escobar, Abel de Jesús (father of Pablo), 21, 22, 68

  Escobar, Juan Pablo (son of Pablo), 42, 76, 84, 209, 276, 297, 303–5, 316;

  activities of, 297, 321–2;

  arrested in Argentina, 352;

  attempts to leave Colombia, 249–51, 303, 308–9, 311, 312, 325–7, 352;

  Escobar family and, 277, 316;

  Escobar's death and, 350–51;

  Pablo's surrender and, 306, 323;

  radio communications of, 278–9, 291, 293, 298

  Escobar, Manuela (daughter of Pablo), 68, 76, 77, 84, 145, 297, 303–4, 316, 319;

  attempts to leave Colombia, 249–51, 303, 308–9;

  Escobar's death and, 350;

  as Pablo's favorite child, 211;

  police and, 313

  Escobar, Maria Victoria (wife of Pablo), 32, 68, 77, 145, 303–4, 314, 319;

  children's attempts to leave Colombia, 249, 251, 259, 305–6, 308–9, 311–12;

  fears for family, 259, 297, 305;

  letters to Pablo, 276–7, 297;

  Pablo Escobar's death and, 350;

  Pablo's efforts to protect, 316–17, 319–21;

  police and, 84;

  toll of life on the run, 352

  Escobar, Nicholas (nephew of Pablo), 259

  Escobar, Pablo:

  birth of, 19;

  childhood and youth of, 20–26;

  as congressman, 41–2, 50, 52, 54;

  death of, 3–5, 329–31, 335–53;

  death of Rodríguez-Gacha and, 110–12;

  escape from prison, 159–76;

  fan mail to, 208;

  imprisonment of, 124–31, 144–51;

  indicted for murder, 95;

  interviewed by press, 139, 212–17;

  kidnappings ordered by, 111, 122, 124;

  killings ordered by, 114–15, 223;

  lawyers of, 72, 73, 75, 76, 77, 84, 115, 128, 130, 150, 190, 191, 193–5, 234, 252–6, 258;

  leftist rhetoric of, 37;

  life on the run, 318;

  lifestyle of, 29–30, 35–6, 37, 39–40, 77, 209;

  Marxist guerrillas and, 44–5, 65, 73;

  offers of surrender, 231, 259, 306;

  in Panama City, 61–3, 66, 122;

  political ambitions of, 41–55;

  as Public Enemy Number One, 80, 233;

  radio communications with son, 278–9, 291, 293, 298;

  as Robin Hood figure, 45, 217;

  struggle against extradition, 55, 60, 62, 63, 69–71, 78, 122, 124, 155, 242;

  surrender and imprisonment of, 121–2, 125, 129–39;

  as threat to American citizens, 107, 108;

  violence of, 27–8;

  war with Cali cartel, 76, 78;

  war with Colombian government, 60, 68, 70, 76, 112, 120, 294;

  wealth of, 77

  Escobar, Roberto (brother of Pablo), 130, 132, 144, 147, 190, 298, 305;

  horse belonging to, 265;

  La Catedral hostage situation and, 168;

  surrender of, 234, 258

  Escobar family, 77, 84, 210, 233, 249–50, 254, 259–60, 273, 276–7, 303–4;

  arrests in Argentina, 352;

  attempts/plans to leave Colombia, 249, 251, 259, 276, 305–6, 308–9, 311–12;

  Escobar's death and, 350–351;

  Pablo on, 135;

  Pablo's efforts to protect, 297–8, 316–17, 319–21;

  police and, 84;

  visits to Pablo in prison, 305

  Espectador, El (newspaper), 53, 59, 72, 88, 94, 343, 367, 368, 371

  Estupinan, Maj. Luis, 346

  Extraditables, The, 69, 70, 74, 106, 112, 123, 125, 191, 192, 247, 370

  extradition, 43, 44, 45, 54, 60, 73, 114, 115, 121, 128, 129, 367;

  Escobar's struggle against, 55, 60, 62, 63, 69–71, 78, 122, 124, 155, 242;

  outlawed, 72, 127, 129, 165, 212;

  unpo
pularity of, 69–70, 106, 127

  Falcon Aviation, 102, 103

  FARC (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia), 37, 45, 58, 73, 88, 236, 237;

  cocaine and, 236;

  negotiations with Colombian government, 71

  Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 98, 186, 187

  Ford, Gerald, 108

  Franklin, Col. Waldemar, 84, 88, 95

  Gaitán Jorge Eliécer, 11–15, 48, 79, 365, 366, 367

  Galán, Luis, 41, 48, 54, 79–80, 94, 366, 369, 370;

  assassination of, 80, 84, 85, 86, 121;

  Escobar's responsibility for killing, 80, 84, 104, 133, 147;

  judges' strike and, 95;

  Rodríguez-Gacha and, 104;

  successor of, 80, 106, 120

  Galeano, Fernando, 155, 239

  Galeano, Mario, 157,

  Galeano, Mireya, 238, 246, 261

  Galeano, Raphael, 238, 246, 261

  Galeano brothers, 157, 192, 193, 237, 238, 239, 244

  Galeano family, 155, 237, 238, 239, 240, 244, 245, 246, 261, 285

  gangsters, 24, 35, 47

  García, Father Fernando, 130

  García, Eugenio, 246

  García Márquez, Gabriel, 123, 125, 130, 209, 365

  Garrison, Gen. William F., 196, 236, 243, 286, 287, 288

  Gaviria, César (president of Colombia), 20, 50, 119–29, 138, 147–9, 179–80, 188–92, 195, 197, 205–6, 231, 263, 353, 354, 364, 366, 368, 369, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 377;

  assassination plots and, 80, 106, 114–15, 178, 224;

  Colombian constitution and, 126, 178;

  Escobar family and, 306–7, 310;

  Escobar's death and, 339, 343;

  Escobar's first surrender and, 125, 133;

  Escobar's imprisonment and, 151–7, 161, 164, 177–8, 192–3, 202;

  Escobar's later surrender offers and, 259;

  hostage crisis and, 172, 174;

  hunt for Escobar and, 182–5, 187, 274, 290, 305, 310;

  Los Pepes and, 258, 262;

  Organization of American States (OAS) and, 353, 363

  Gaviria, Fortunato, 129

  Gaviria, Gustavo, 23, 112, 119, 135

  Gaviria, Hermilda (mother of Pablo), 21–2, 24, 25;

  death of Pablo Escobar and, 3–5, 346;

  hacienda burned, 232

  Germany, 309, 310, 311

  Gillespie, Charles, 74

  Giraldo, Hector, 94

  Gómez, Juan Vicente, 17

  Gonzáles, Andres, 156

  Gonzáles, Felipe, 136

  Gonzáles, Fernando, 23

  Gonzáles, Martha, 95

  Gonzáles, Norman, 239

  Gorman, Gen. Paul, 67

  Greiff, Gustavo de, 153, 189, 231, 232, 235, 240, 251, 255, 260–264, 299, 357, 364, 371, 372, 373, 374;

  Escobar family and, 278, 303–7, 312–13;

  Escobar's letter to, 256;

  Escobar's surrender and, 191, 259, 303–6;

  informants and, 245

  Greiff, Monica de, 127, 371

  Grenada, 235

  Guevara, Ernesto "Che," 65, 145, 209, 364, 366

  Guillermoprieto, Alma, 238, 285, 286, 294, 365, 374

  Haiti, 235, 307

  Hall, Keith, 288

  Harrell, Gary, 198, 199, 201, 202, 203, 206

  Henao, Carlos, 258

  Henao, Hernan, 119, 252

  Henao, Mario (Escobar's brother-in-law), 37, 39, 367

  Henao Vellejo, Maria Victoria. See Escobar, Maria Victoria (wife of Pablo)

  Hernandez, Gilberto, 33

  Herrera-Puerta, Juan Carlos, 304

  "hot money," 47–50, 53, 55, 59

  Hoyos, Carlos, 74

  indagatoria, 281–3, 353

  Isaza, Luis, 248

  Israel, 297–8

  Jacoby, Maj. Steve, 95, 103, 104, 105, 111, 112, 118, 203, 205–6, 233, 257, 371, 372;

  Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and, 99, 227;

  description of, 100;

  Escobar's death and, 345;

  hunt for Escobar and, 112, 113, 185–8;

  U.S. armed forces in Colombia and, 105

  James, Jesse, 20

  Jaramillo, Alejandro, 126

  Jaramillo, Bernardo, 115

  Jesuits, 17

  Jimenez Gómez, Carlos, 63

  journalists, 181, 206

  Kennedy, John F., 243

  kidnappings, 27, 28, 44, 68, 74, 75, 77, 78, 94–5, 110, 111, 212–2, 124–5, 127, 133, 139, 146, 211, 231, 239, 240, 245–6, 252, 258, 262–3, 304

  Kissinger, Henry, 79, 369

  Koren, Eitan, 149

  Lake, Anthony, 342, 364

  Lara, Rodrigo, 47, 48, 49–55, 59, 60, 79;

  murder of, 55, 56, 61, 63, 64, 69, 71, 72;

  raids of, 59, 78

  Ledwith, Bill, 264

  leftists, 10, 13, 14, 15, 37, 43

  Lehder, Carlos, 29, 34, 49, 51, 54, 55, 373;

  Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) and, 66;

  Escobar's betrayal of, 73;

  in exile, 61;

  extradition of, 242;

  as informant in hunt for Escobar, 242–3, 245, 246

  Liberal Party, 13, 17, 21, 22, 48;

  candidates for president, 79;

  Escobar kicked out of, 54, 79;

  founders of, 62;

  Liberal Renovation Front, 48;

  power shared with Conservative Party, 18

  "Limón" (Escobar's bodyguard), 329, 330, 335, 336, 374

  Londoño, Diego, 252

  López-Michelson, Alfonso, 34, 63

  López Trujillo, Cardinal Alfonso, 54

  Low, Enrique, 129

  Lozano, Jose, 255

  M-19 movement, 37, 44, 45, 58, 73;

  negotiations with Colombian government, 71, 123;

  Palace of Justice siege and, 71, 123, 173

  McNamara, Thomas, 129

  Magee, Kenny, 307, 308, 309, 311, 312, 355, 358

  marijuana, 20, 23, 24, 29, 38, 61, 136, 216

  Marin, Gonzalo, 258

  Martinez, Col. Hugo, 83–4, 87–91, 119, 123, 206, 207, 221, 226, 229–32, 247, 260–261, 263–4, 269–72, 291, 295, 313–14, 356;

  admiration for Escobar's talents, 231;

  bribe offer from Escobar, 93;

  Centra Spike and, 115, 117, 118, 228,–;

  Escobar's death and, 331, 336, 337, 341, 345, 347;

  Escobar's lifestyle and, 138;

  informants and, 348;

  life after Escobar, 347, 349–50;

  Los Pepes and, 248, 262, 264, 297, 299, 347, 358;

  son's radio efforts and, 291, 317;

  warnings from Escobar, 248

  Martinez, Gustavo,

  Martinez, Hugo, Jr., 206, 207, 271, 273, 274, 280, 291, 317;

  Escobar's death and, 328–9, 335, 344;

  life after Escobar, 349

  Marxists, 12, 18, 37, 44, 58, 59, 65, 209;

  Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and, 98;

  in Nicaragua, 67, 101

  Maza, Gen. Miguel, 77, 95, 109, 121, 136, 137, 369, 370

  Medellín, city of, 22, 24, 35, 40, 42, 54, 64, 68, 192, 225, 280, 352;

  bombings in, 118, 232, 239, 256;

  criminal life in, 19, 26;

  Escobar as fugitive in, 310, 314, 316, 317, 337;

  gangsters in, 68, 234, 245;

  Pablo's residences in, 3, 19, 20, 21, 29, 77, 84, 242;

  police of, 88–9;

  poor classes in, 28, 37, 41, 112, 120

  Medellín cartel, 52, 58–9, 71, 76, 78, 84, 94, 98, 103, 107, 111, 237, 270, 348;

  civil war within, 192, 238, 240, 252;

  Escobar as head of, 103, 137;

  Los Pepes and, 356;

  war with Los Pepes, 248–9, 255

  Medellín Cívica (newspaper), 43, 72

  Medellín Without Slums, 43

  Mendoza, Eduardo, 147–50, 151, 152, 153–62, 180–181, 189–90, 205, 363, 364, 371, 372, 373, 375, 377;

  to build new priso
n, 148–9, 189, 193, 282;

  Escobar's denial of taking hostage, 191;

  Escobar's escape from prison and, 162–76;

  life after Pablo Escobar, 353–4;

  return to Colombia, 284–4;

  in United States, 281–3

  Mermelstein, Max, 137–8

  Mesa, Gustavo, 114

  Mexico, 38, 66, 98

  middle class, 21, 22, 28

  Moncada, Dolly, 238, 239, 246

  Moncada, Gerardo, 155, 239

  Moncada, Marta, 238, 246

  Moncada, William, 155, 157, 238, 240

  Moncada brothers, 157, 192, 193, 237, 238, 239, 240, 244, 245

  Moncada family, 155, 237, 238, 239, 244, 245, 261, 285

  Montenegro, Col. Luis, 197, 198

  Montoya, German, 78

  Montoya, Marina, 78, 122, 127, 133

  Muerto de Sucuestradones (Death to Kidnappers), 44, 52, 247

  Muñoz, Brance "Tyson," 221–3, 259

  Muñoz, Dandeny, 147, 224

  murder, 14, 27, 40, 72, 127, 237

  Murillo, Diego, 246

  Murphy, Steve, 99, 197, 208, 225, 226, 235, 247, 307, 358, 363, 364, 369, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375;

  Escobar's death and, 336, 340–342;

  on Escobar's surrender deal, 305;

  Los Pepes and, 356;

  reports, 238, 260, 298, 356, 357;

  Search Bloc assaults and, 299

  mutilations, 19

  Nadaismo, 23

  narcos (cocaine traffickers), 43, 46, 48, 49, 54, 60, 63, 64, 67, 73, 78, 84, 87, 107, 125–6, 156, 178–9, 181, 185, 235–6;

  Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and, 58;

  communism and, 45;

  extradition immunity deal and, 121;

  Marxist guerrillas and, 44, 45, 58, 227;

  police and, 235;

  power and influence of, 42, 170;

  trained by mercenaries, 95;

  U.S. drugs war and, 56, 58, 85, 86

  National Army of Liberation. See ELN (Ejército de Liberación Nacional)

  National Security Agency (NSA), 96, 186

  Navas, Col. Hernando, 158, 159, 160, 162, 163, 166, 167, 169, 190;

  Escobar's denial of taking hostage, 191;

  as prisoner of Escobar, 171, 172, 175

  New Liberals, 41, 48, 54, 62, 79

  News of a Kidnapping (García Márquez), 130

  Nicaragua, 66, 67, 101, 236

  Nieves Ochoa, Martha, 44

  Ninth Inter-American Conference, 10

  Noriega, Gen. Manuel, 61, 66, 165, 183, 365

  North, Oliver, 61, 67

  Notables, The, 122, 123, 124

  Ochoa, Alonzo, 30

  Ochoa, Doria, 249, 250, 251

  Ochoa, Fabio, 30, 125, 245, 367

  Ochoa, Jorge Luis, 31, 62, 63, 126, 130, 131, 245;

  extradition of, 70;

  indictment in Miami, 67