The Greater Journey: Americans in Paris

  409 “Walking about and talking”: Ibid., 141.

  410 “John thinks of nothing else”: Olson, John Singer Sargent, 153–54.

  410 In September of 1887: Ormond and Kilmurray, John Singer Sargent: The Early Portraits, Vol. I, xvi.

  411 A group of aspiring young Mormon painters: Gibbs, Harvesting the Light, 18.

  411 “the highest possible development of talent”: Ibid., 3.

  411 Anna Klumpke, a tiny young woman: Dwyer, Anna Klumpke, 3–5.

  411 “Prepare yourselves to compete”: Ibid., 19.

  411 “The immense value”: Beaux, Background with Figures: Autobiography of Cecilia Beaux, 174.

  412 “I am painting sunlight”: Weinberg, Childe Hassam: American Impressionist, 64.

  412 “To go about Paris”: Ibid., 60.

  412 “The people I saw copying at the Louvre”: Clara Belle Owen to her mother, November 12, 1880, Archives of American Art.

  412 “The day was so short”: Ibid., December 20, 1880.

  412 “the privilege we have of working there”: Ibid.

  412 “I am too busy for that”: Letter of Clara Belle Owen, June 13, 1881, Archives of American Art.

  412 “Paris! We are here!”: Robert Henri Diary, September 22, 1888, Archives of American Art.

  413 “Dust and dirt are everywhere”: Ibid., September 26, 1888.

  413 “bungling attempts”: Ibid., September 25, 1888.

  413 “a pretty woman”: Ibid., November 5, 1888.

  413 “Made start—poor one”: Ibid.

  414 Since I have been here: Ibid., December 25, 1888.

  414 “Who would not be an art student in Paris?”: Ibid., September 27, 1888.

  414 Flags everywhere: Ibid., May 6, 1889.

  414 Some 150,000 Americans: Jonnes, Eiffel’s Tower, 266.

  414 “shed over Paris a shower of gold”: Ibid., 265.

  415 Thousands of electric bulbs: Harriss, The Tallest Tower, 137.

  415 The Palais des Machines: Ibid., 129.

  415 One of the many new productions: Kimes, The Star and the Laurel: The Centennial History of Daimler, Mercedes, and Benz, 48.

  416 “the unchecked brutality”: Reports of the U.S. Commissioners to the Universal Exposition of 1889, 27.

  416 portrait by Rosa Bonheur: Jonnes, Eiffel’s Tower, 253.

  416 By the close of the fair: Harriss, The Tallest Tower, 116.

  417 To the Americans who made the ascent: Jonnes, Eiffel’s Tower, 158.

  417 “The glory of Eiffel is in the magnitude”: Ibid., 214.

  417 Among the wealthy, prominent New Yorkers: Weitzenhoffer, The Havemeyers, 56.

  417 For Louisine a great part of the excitement: Ibid., 58.

  417 “indelibly graven”: Ibid., 262.

  417 “Her horse had slipped upon the pavement”: Ibid., 60.

  418 “What a man Courbet was!”: Ibid.

  418 With Mary on the “lookout”: Ibid.

  418 Since the death of her sister: Mathews, Mary Cassatt, 171.

  418 “Mame has got to work again”: Mathews, ed., Cassatt and Her Circle: Selected Letters, 166.

  418 “lamentably deficient in good sense”: Robert Cassatt to Alexander Cassatt, July 18, 1883, Archives of American Art.

  418 “She is dreadfully headstrong.…”: Ibid., August 20, 1883, Archives of American Art.

  419 “and the constant anxiety”: Mary Cassatt to Alexander Cassatt, January 5, 1884, Archives of American Art.

  419 In 1886, when the French art dealer: Mathews, Mary Cassatt, 175–76.

  419 But it was then, in 1889: Ibid., 190.

  419 “easily the most distinguished”: Jonnes, Eiffel’s Tower, 105.

  420 “had become a silent and broken old one”: Charteris, John Sargent, 246.

  420 “I say!”: Ibid., 101.

  420 “to enter a new world altogether”: The Times (London), May 3, 1889.

  14. Au Revoir, Paris!

  While a great deal about Saint-Gaudens’s struggle with depression is included in his Reminiscences, many important additional details are to be found among the miscellaneous notes in the collection at Dartmouth College. What little is known about Davida Clark and Louis, and the Frances Grimes interview, are also there, as well as financial records kept by Gussie and the recollections of James Fraser. The immense photographic collection at the Saint-Gaudens National Historic Site has also been a major source of information for this and previous chapters.

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  423 But coming here: Saint-Gaudens, ed., Reminiscences of Augustus SaintGaudens, Vol. II, 191.

  423 No particular notice: Holmes, One Hundred Days in Europe, 175.

  423 “not a soul”: Ibid., 162.

  424 “Rip Van Winkle experiment”: Ibid., 1.

  424 “But when I found them”: Ibid., 170.

  424 “What would the shopkeeper”: Ibid., 163–64.

  424 “sacred edifice”: Ibid., 165.

  424 “I was thinking much more of Foucault’s”: Ibid.

  424 “I sent my card in”: Ibid., 171.

  425 “Nothing looked more nearly the same”: Ibid., 175.

  425 “But what to me”: Ibid., 168.

  425 “desirous of returning in what measure”: Saint-Gaudens, ed., Reminiscences of Augustus Saint-Gaudens, Vol. I, 324.

  426 “a little box of a room”: Ibid.

  426 “monumental largeness” and “too complex”: Ibid., 326.

  426 “an old chap”: Ibid., 324.

  426 He trudged: Ibid., 324.

  426 “the blue smoke”: Ibid., 325.

  426 “deeply felt need”: Ibid., 323.

  427 James Earle Fraser: Obituary, New York Times, October 12, 1953.

  427 “discovered”: Freundlich, The Sculpture of James Earle Fraser, 21.

  427 “Strange that after having been in Paris”: Tanner, “The Story of An Artist’s Life,” Part II, The World’s Work, 11770.

  427 In a café on the Left Bank: Perlman, Robert Henri: His Life and Art, 20.

  427 “He’s modest”: Robert Henri Diary, January 27, 1891, Archives of American Art.

  427 Tanner’s expenses: Tanner, “The Story of an Artist’s Life,” Part I, The World’s Work, 11666.

  427 His total expenses: Ibid., II, 11772.

  427 Never were windows opened: Ibid., 11770.

  428 “In the cheap restaurants”: Ibid., 11771.

  428 William Dean Howells: Weintraub, Whistler: A Biography, 380.

  428 “Oh, you are young”: Ibid.

  428 Live all you can: Lewis, The Jameses, 518.

  428 The Ambassadors: James, The Ambassadors, 13.

  429 My grandson, Georges de Mare: De Mare, G. P. A. Healy, American Artist, 291.

  429 “His love of France”: Ibid., 292.

  429 In 1892, Healy decided: Ibid., 293–94.

  429 arrived in Paris again: Hureaux, Augustus Saint-Gaudens, 1848–1907: A Master of American Sculpture, 211.

  430 he was America’s preeminent: Saint-Gaudens, ed., Reminiscences of Augustus Saint-Gaudens, Vol. II, 206.

  430 the only nude he ever rendered: Ibid., Vol. I, 393.

  431 “Augustus Saint-Gaudens—a sculptor whose art”: Research materials from Harvard University Archives, HUC 6897, HIG 300, UAI 5.150.

  431 His inspiration for the building: Granger, Charles Follen McKim: A Study of His Life and Architecture, 23–24.

  431 By the late 1890s: Hureaux, Augustus Saint-Gaudens, 1848–1907, 211.

  431 “I suppose through overwork”: Saint-Gaudens, ed., Reminiscences of Augustus Saint-Gaudens, Vol. II, 86–87.

  432 Gussie had suffered a miscarriage: Bond, Augustus Saint-Gaudens: The Man and His Art, 55; Hureaux, Augustus Saint-Gaudens, 1848–1907, 210–11.

  432 “aflame”: Saint-Gaudens, ed., Reminiscences of Augustus Saint-Gaudens, Vol. I, 373.

  432 “the high pressure tension”: “Biography—Louis Saint-Gaudens—in pencil,” n.d., Saint-Gaudens Papers, Dartmouth College.

  432 “B
ut I was sick”: Saint-Gaudens, ed., Reminiscences of Augustus Saint-Gaudens, Vol. II, 179.

  432 “deplorable mental condition”: Ibid., 138.

  432 “neurasthenia,” its symptoms described as: Beard, ed., A Practical Treatise on Nervous Exhaustion (Neurasthenia), Its Symptoms, Nature, Sequences, Treatment, 24–30.

  432 A Feeling of Profound Exhaustion: Ibid., 66.

  433 “a syndrome marked”: See Webster’s Third New International Dictionary (Springfield, Mass.: 1993), 1520.

  433 “a weary lion”: Hagans, “Saint-Gaudens, Zorn, and the Goddesslike Miss Anderson,” American Art, 76.

  433 “crippled for the remainder of his life”: Saint-Gaudens, ed., Reminiscences of Augustus Saint-Gaudens, Vol. II, 122.

  433 Quite on the contrary: Ibid.

  433 Swedish model: Hureaux, Augustus Saint-Gaudens, 1848–1907, 210–11.

  433 the summer of 1889, she had a baby: Ibid.

  434 “many affairs”: Recollections of Frances Grimes, Saint-Gaudens Papers, Dartmouth College.

  435 Sweetness and kindness: Augustus Saint-Gaudens to Augusta Saint-Gaudens, undated handwritten letter, Saint-Gaudens Papers, Dartmouth College.

  435 “the great things”: Saint-Gaudens, ed., Reminiscences of Augustus SaintGaudens, Vol. II, 205.

  435 In October of 1897: Hureaux, Augustus Saint-Gaudens, 1848–1907, 211.

  435 “maddening”: Saint-Gaudens, ed., Reminiscences of Augustus Saint-Gaudens, Vol. II, 123.

  435 “out-of-the-way corners”: Ibid.

  436 The young woman who posed for him: Hagans, “Saint-Gaudens, Zorn, and the Goddesslike Miss Anderson,” American Art, 81.

  436 “the handsomest model”: Material from “Draft of the Reminiscences of SaintGaudens,” Saint-Gaudens Papers, Dartmouth College.

  436 For the horse: Saint-Gaudens, ed., Reminiscences of Augustus Saint-Gaudens, Vol. II, 77.

  437 “state of turmoil”: Saint-Gaudens, ed., Reminiscences of Augustus SaintGaudens, Vol. II, 133.

  437 “I make seventeen models”: Hureaux, Augustus Saint-Gaudens, 1848–1907, 108.

  437 “dominating little character”: Fraser, unpublished autobiography, n.d., Saint-Gaudens Papers, Dartmouth College.

  437 “He is a big fellow”: Saint-Gaudens, ed., Reminiscences of Augustus SaintGaudens, Vol. II, 194.

  438 “blue fits”: Ibid., 120.

  438 “I am feeling very well now”: Augustus Saint-Gaudens to Augusta Saint-Gaudens, February 26, 1898, Saint-Gaudens Papers, Dartmouth College.

  438 “This Paris experience”: Saint-Gaudens, ed., Reminiscences of Augustus Saint-Gaudens, Vol. II, 186.

  438 “magnificent voice”: Fraser, unpublished autobiography, n.d., Saint-Gaudens Papers, Dartmouth College.

  438 “Dear old Fellow”: Saint-Gaudens, ed., Reminiscences of Augustus SaintGaudens, Vol. II, 188–92.

  438 … the elevated road: Ibid.

  438 “Up to my visit here”: Ibid., 192.

  439 “a feeling of weariness”: Ibid.

  439 “another of those fearful depressions”: Augustus Saint-Gaudens to Augusta Saint-Gaudens, February 10, 1899, Saint-Gaudens Papers, Dartmouth College.

  439 “I had come to appreciate Paris”: Saint-Gaudens, ed., Reminiscences of Augustus Saint-Gaudens, Vol. II, 178.

  440 “Your father … is beginning the Sherman cloak”: Augusta Saint-Gaudens to Homer Saint-Gaudens, December 9, 1898, Saint-Gaudens Papers, Dartmouth College.

  440 Now the left hind leg: Saint-Gaudens, ed., Reminiscences of Augustus SaintGaudens, Vol. II, 133.

  440 “insane asylum”: Ibid., 136.

  440 “Eleven moulders”: Ibid.

  440 “The Sherman is in the place of honor”: Augustus Saint-Gaudens to Augusta Saint-Gaudens, May 1 (no year but appears to be 1900), Saint-Gaudens Papers, Dartmouth College.

  440 Feeling a need to get away: Augusta Saint-Gaudens to Homer Saint-Gaudens, May 26, 1899, Saint-Gaudens Papers, Dartmouth College.

  440 It had been their mutual friend John La Farge: O’Toole, The Five of Hearts: An Intimate Portrait of Henry Adams and His Friends, 1880–1918, 165, 157.

  441 “The whole meaning and feeling of the figure”: Saint-Gaudens, ed., Reminiscences of Augustus Saint-Gaudens, Vol. I, 363.

  441 “Paris delights me”: Adams, Letters of Henry Adams, 1892–1918, 235.

  441 “risked”: Adams, The Education of Henry Adams, 366.

  441 “to draw him out for a stroll”: Ibid.

  441 “very—very bald”: O’Toole, The Five of Hearts, 6.

  441 “most inarticulate”: Adams, The Education of Henry Adams, 366.

  442 All the others: Ibid.

  442 “excessive”: Ibid.

  442 “inane”: Saint-Gaudens, ed., Reminiscences of Augustus Saint-Gaudens, Vol. II, 198.

  442 “Evidently I must”: Ibid.

  442 in a letter to Will Low: Ibid., 198–201.

  442 “very sick”: Ibid., 202.

  442 “It is fearful”: Ibid.

  442 From a surviving note in his hand: Augustus Saint-Gaudens to Louis Saint-Gaudens, October 27, 1899, Saint-Gaudens Papers, Dartmouth College.

  443 Your father is about the same: Augusta Saint-Gaudens to Homer Saint-Gaudens, November 16, 1899, Saint-Gaudens Papers, Dartmouth College.

  443 “Your father has been made a member”: Augusta Saint-Gaudens to Homer Saint-Gaudens, December 1, 1899, Saint-Gaudens Papers, Dartmouth College.

  443 trouble with the horse’s upraised left hind leg: Saint-Gaudens, ed., Reminiscences of Augustus Saint-Gaudens, Vol. II, 133.

  443 “on the homestretch”: Augustus Saint-Gaudens to Augusta Saint-Gaudens, July 8, 1899, Saint-Gaudens Papers, Dartmouth College.

  444 He was anti-Semitic: O’Toole, The Five of Hearts, 70.

  444 “Porcupine Poeticus”: Saint-Gaudens, ed., Reminiscences of Augustus SaintGaudens, Vol. II, 334.

  444 I must study politics and war: McCullough, John Adams, 236–37.

  445 “Every day opens new horizons”: O’Toole, The Five of Hearts, 322.

  445 The automobile, considered a curiosity: Weber, France: Fin de Siècle, 206–7, and Paris Daily Messenger, May 5, 1900.

  445 Not until they found themselves: Adams, The Education of Henry Adams, 367.

  445 “conventional as death”: Adams, Letters of Henry Adams, 1892–1918, 245.

  445 “a quintessence of Boston”: Adams, The Education of Henry Adams, 368.

  446 “channel of force”: Ibid.

  446 “channel of taste”: Ibid.

  446 “instinctively preferred the horse”: Ibid.

  446 “a new life”: Adams, Letters of Henry Adams, 1892–1918, 246.

  446 Exposition Universelle: See coverage of the 1900 exposition in the American Register, Paris Daily Messenger, and Paris Herald. 447 First Chicagoan: Rosenblum, Stevens, and Dumas, 1900: Art at the Crossroads, 57.

  447 “All Americans are in Paris”: Adams, Letters of Henry Adams, 1892–1918, 291.

  447 Adams, who could not stay away: Adams, The Education of Henry Adams, 360.

  447 “air-ships”: Ibid., 367.

  447 “His chief interest”: Ibid., 361.

  448 “began to feel the forty-foot dynamo”: Ibid.

  448 “pell-mell”: Saint-Gaudens, ed., Reminiscences of Augustus Saint-Gaudens, Vol. II, 185.

  448 “arms, legs, faces”: Ibid.

  448 Four of his own major works: Hureaux, Augustus Saint-Gaudens, 1848–1907: A Master of American Sculpture, 211.

  449 Auguste Rodin was seen: Wilkinson, Uncommon Clay: The Life and Works of Augustus Saint-Gaudens, 309; Gibson, “Augustus Saint-Gaudens and the American Monument,” New Criterion, October 2009, 44.

  449 “too much the effect of a guttering candle”: Saint-Gaudens, ed., Reminiscences of Augustus Saint-Gaudens, Vol. II, 50.