Our Oriental Heritage

  Henry VI’s Chapel, Westminster Abbey, 599

  Henry VIII, King of England (1509-1547), 457

  Hepat (hā-pät’), 286†

  Heraclitus, Greek philosopher (576-480 B.C.), 434, 533, 622

  Herat (hěr-ät’), 227

  Hercules, 294

  Herder, Johann Gottfried von, German philosopher and man of letters (1744-1803), 391*

  Herding, in primitive societies, 8, 24, 34

  in Egypt, 156

  in India, 399

  Here, 62

  Hermes, 179*, 277*

  Hermes Trismegistus, 179*;

  see Thoth Herodotus, Greek historian (ca. 484-425 B.C.), 118*, 138, 139, 147-148, 150, 160, 184, 201-202, 204-205, 224, 244-245, 246, 248, 289-290, 292, 293, 350, 352, 353, 358, 369, 374, 478, 494, 578, 719

  Hesiod, Greek poet (ca. 800 B.C.), 329‡

  Hesiré , Egyptian prince, 189

  Hetairai, 490, 862

  Hezekiah , King of Judah (ca. 720 B.C.), 309, 317

  Hidari Jingaro , Japanese sculptor (1594-1634), 893-894

  Hidetada (hē-dā-tä-dä), Japanese shogun (1605-1623), 843

  Hideyori (hē-dě-yôr-ē), Japanese shogun (ca. 1600), 841

  Hideyoshi , Japanese shogun (1581-1598), 838-841, 889, 895, 898, 908, 914, 927

  Hien-yang (hē-an-yäng’), 696

  Hierapolis , 297

  Hieroglyphics, 144-145, 172-173

  Highways, in Egypt, 160

  in Babylonia, 227, 228

  in Persia, 358

  in India, 444-445, 480, 778

  Hilkiah , Hebrew religious teacher (ca. 620 B.C.), 320

  Hillel , Jewish Rabbi and Talmudist (ca. 110 B.C.), 310, 670

  Himalayas , 91, 392, 393, 454, 551, 576

  Hinayana Buddhism, 503, 504, 597

  Hincks, Edward, Irish Egyptologist (1791-1866), 118*

  Hindi , 555

  Hindu, meaning of, 392*

  Hindu Kush , 392, 440

  Hindu Manners, Customs, and Ceremonies, 199*

  Hinduism, 507-525

  Hindus, 193, 286*, 365, 366, 391-633

  Hindustan , meaning of, 393

  Hippocrates, Greek physician (460-357 B.C.), 287* 782

  Hippocratic oath, 182

  Hirado (hē-rä-dō), 901

  Hiram, King of Tyre (fl. 950 B.C.), 294, 295, 306

  Hirata (hē-rä-tä), Japanese scholar (ca. 1810), 875

  Hiroshige , Japanese engraver 1797-1858), 907, 910

  Hishikawa Moronobu , Japanese painter (1618-1694), 907

  Historical Record, 718

  History, in Sumeria, 132

  in Egypt, 178

  in Babylonia, 250

  in Assyria, 277

  in Judea, 339-340

  in India, 578-579

  in China, 718-719

  in Japan, 885-887

  History of Chinese Philosophy, 821

  History of India, 579

  History of the True Succession of the Divine Monarchs, 886

  Hitomaro (hē-tō-mä-rō), Japanese poet (died 737), 878

  Hitopadesha , 578

  Hittites, 158, 212, 266, 286-287, 288, 310, 397†

  Hiung-nu, see Hsiung-nu

  Hivites, 310

  Hizakurige , 885, 891

  Hizen (hē-zěn), 900, 901

  Ho Chi-chang (hō jē-jäng), Chinese statesman (fl. 725), 705

  Hoang-ho (hwäng-hō) River, 641, 776

  Hobbes, Thomas, English philosopher (1588-1679), 544*, 687, 874

  Hojo (hō-jō) Regency (in Japan), 837-838

  Hojoki (hō-jō-kē), 852-889

  Hokkaido , 928

  Hokku , 880, 881, 926

  Hokusai, Katsuhika , Japanese engraver (1760-1849), 885, 902, 907, 908-910, 912

  Holi (hō’-lē), 501

  Holmes, Oliver Wendell, M.D., American writer (1809-1894), 81

  Holy Family (Raphael), 759

  Holy Sepulchre, 120

  Homer, 16, 62, 106, 391, 400, 410, 712

  Honan (hō-nän), 641, 642, 645, 698, 738, 739, 755, 772

  Hongkong , 804, 805, 806, 809, 810

  Honjo , 830

  Honolulu, 809

  Hor, Egyptian architect (ca. 1400 B.C.), 206*

  Horiuji , 738, 833, 894-895, 897, 903

  Horus (hôr-ŭs), 198, 200-201

  Hosea , Hebrew prophet (ca. 785-725 B.C.), 317, 336

  Hospitality, in primitive societies, 54

  Hôtel-Dieu (Paris), 81

  Hotoke (hō-tō-kā), 840

  Hottentots, 6, 42, 43, 52, 65, 85

  Hotto , Japanese statesman (died 1651), 847

  Hoyshaleshwara Temple, 601

  Hrozný, Frederic, 286

  Hsia (shē-äh’) Dynasty, 644

  Hsia Kuei (shē-äh’ gway), Chinese artist (1180-1230), 751

  Hsianfu (shē-än’-foo), 808

  Hsieh Ho (shē-ā-hō), art theorist (6th century), 592*, 752

  Hsien Feng (shē-ăn fŭng), Chinese emperor (1851-1862), 806

  Hsien Tsung , Chinese emperor (806-821), 779

  Hsing-shan Temple, 750

  Hsinking , 920†

  Hsiung-nu , 701

  Hsu Hsing , Chinese radical (ca. 300 B.C.), 685

  Hsuan (shwän), King of Ch’i, 683, 685-686

  Hsuan Tsung , see Ming Huang

  Hsün-tze (shün-dzŭ), apostle of evil (ca. 305-235 B.C.), 687-688

  Hu Shih , Chinese literary reformer (1891-), 821-822

  Hua To (hwä dō), Chinese medical writer (3rd century,) 782

  Huan (hwän), Duke of Ch’i (685-643 B.C.), 645-646

  Huang Ti (hwäng dē), Chinese emperor (2697-2597 B.C.), 643, 659, 660-661

  Huber, Sir William, British judge in India (early 19th century), 497

  Huen (hwăn) Mountain, 717

  Hughes, Charles Evans, American statesman and jurist (1862-), 929, 930

  Hui Sze (whā-dzŭ), Chinese philosopher (3rd century), 677

  Hui Tsung , Chinese emperor (1101-1125), 727, 750, 751, 752, 753, 795

  Huldah , Hebrew prophetess (ca. 625 B.C.), 333

  Human sacrifice, 66-67

  in Sumeria, 128

  in Assyria, 272

  in Phoenicia, 295

  in Syria, 297

  in Judea, 311, 315

  Humanism, 730

  Humayun , Mogul emperor (1530-1542; 1555-1556), 464, 468, 472, 607

  Humboldt, Friedrich Heinrich Alexander, Baron von, German scholar and traveler (1769-1859), 462

  Humboldt, Karl Wilhelm, Baron von, German statesman and philologist (1767-1835), 565

  Hume, David, Scotch philosopher and historian (1711-1776), 418, 434

  Hung Hsiu-ch’üan , T’ai-p’ing leader (died 1864), 805

  Hung Wu , Chinese emperor (1386-1399), 686

  Huns, 152, 452, 454, 459, 591, 695, 701

  Hunting, in primitive societies, 6-7, 24, 30, 33

  in Babylonia, 226

  in Assyria, 226, 229, 278, 279

  in Persia, 378

  in India, 477

  Hyaku-nin-isshu , 879-880

  Hydaspes (hī-dăs’-pēz) River, 440

  Hyderabad , (city), 393

  Hyderabad (state), 589, 600-601

  Hygiene, in Egypt, 183-184

  in Judea, 331

  in Persia, 373-374

  in India, 497, 498, 521

  in China, 782, 855

  Hyksos , the, 24*, 152, 154, 160, 166, 177, 223, 227, 300, 301

  Hymn to the Sun, 178, 206-210

  Hypatia, Greek philosopher and mathematician (?-415), 216

  Hypnotism, 532

  Hystaspes , father of Darius (ca. 550 B.C.), 364, 365*

  I

  Iamblichus , Syrian philosopher (fl. 325), 179*

  Iberians, 10

  Ibrahim II, Sultan of Delhi (1517-1526), 464

  Ibsen, Henrik, Norwegian poet and dramatist (1828-1906), 58, 692

  Ice Age, 91*

  Iceland, 107

  Ichikawa (ēch-ē-kä-wä),
Japanese philosopher (17th century), 865

  l-Ching , 650-651, 665, 785

  Ictinus, Greek architect (fl. 450 B.C.), 141, 895

  Igorots, 45

  Ikhnaton , see Amenhotep IV

  Ili (ē-lē), 798

  Iliad, 250, 310, 561, 564, 891

  Imari-yaki (e-mä-rē-yä-kē), 900

  Imhotep , Egyptian physician, architect, and statesman (ca. 3150 B.C.), 147, 192

  Imitation of Christ, 570

  In Memoriam, 878

  Inana-yoga , 522

  Inazo Nitobe (i-nä-tsō nē-tō-bē), Japanese publicist (died 1933), 847*

  Incas, 41

  Incest, in Egypt, 164

  in Babylonia, 231

  in India, 401

  India, 34, 47, 60, 61, 93, 94, 99*, 103, 104, 108, 116, 117, 125, 144, 159, 199*, 206, 222*, 227, 247, 274*, 286, 292, 312*, 329, 353, 355, 358, 359*, 363, 372, 385, 391-633, 642, 651, 736, 744, 779, 786, 804, 805, 875, 892, 928

  Indian, meaning of, 392*

  Indian National Congress, 623, 625, 626

  Indian Ocean, 703

  Indians, American, 2, 5-6, 8, 9, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 22, 23, 27, 32, 33, 35, 41, 42, 45, 48, 49, 53, 54, 56, 60, 61, 73, 77, 83

  Indo-China, 604, 698, 767, 806, 928

  Indo-Europeans, 285, 286*, 291, 350, 397‡

  Indra , 285, 397†, 402, 403, 507

  Indus River, 355, 393, 397‡, 440, 463

  Industrial Revolution, 20*, 70, 94, 96, 159, 274, 333, 478, 480, 516, 612, 623, 769, 803, 916-922

  Industry, 11-16, 934

  in Sumeria, 124-125

  in Egypt, 157-161

  in Babylonia, 227

  in Assyria, 274

  in Persia, 357-358

  in India, 400, 479

  in China, 776-778, 815;

  in Japan, 919-920

  Ineni , Egyptian architect (ca. 1530 B.C.), 192

  Infant Jesus (Reni), 759

  Infanticide, in primitive societies, 50

  Initiation rites, 75

  Ink, 171

  Inkyo , Emperor of Japan (412-453), 892

  Innini , 127

  Inouye, Marquis Kaoru , Japanese statesman (1839-1915), 916, 930

  Inquisition, Holy, 469, 524

  Inro , 893

  Instructions of Ptah-hotep, 193-194

  Interglacial Stages, 91*

  International Exposition of Persian Art, London (1931), 378*

  Ionia, 264, 290, 355

  Ionians, 479

  Iphigenia, 66, 297

  Ipuwer ,’194, 195

  Iran , 356; see Persia

  Iranian Plateau, 117

  Iraq 117

  Iraq Expedition of the University of Chicago, 274*

  Iraq Museum, Baghdad, 134*

  Ireland, 58

  Irish, 10

  Iron Age, 104

  Iroquois Indians, 14, 22, 32, 62

  Isaac, Hebrew patriarch, 66, 297, 337

  Isaiah , Hebrew prophet (fl. 720 B.C.), 210, 235, 262, 301, 312, 317-320, 324, 325-327, 334*, 341 365, 422*

  Ise (ī-sē), 880

  Ishii, Viscount Kikujiro , Japanese statesman (1866-), 929

  Ishtar , 60, 123, 127, 200, 234, 235-236, 238-239, 247, 251, 253, 256, 266, 294-295, 341

  Ishvara , 548, 550

  Ishvara Krishna , Indian religious teacher (5th century), 536*

  Isin , 123

  Isis , 185, 200-201

  Islam , 35, 39, 247, 463, 469-470, 524

  Israel , 315*

  also see Jews

  Issus , 373*, 383

  Italians, 279, 397

  Italy, 92, 97, 99*, 108, 152, 215, 293, 555, 695, 730, 821

  Ito, Marquis Hirobumi a, Japanese statesman (1840-1909), 916,

  917

  Ito Jinsai , Japanese philosopher (1627-1705), 872-873

  Ito Togai (ē-tō tō-gī), Japanese philosopher (1670-1736), 873

  Ittagi , 600-601

  Ius primœ noctis , 38, 245, 486*

  Iwasa Matabei (ē-wä-sä mä-tä-bā), Japanese painter (1578-1650), 907

  Iyemitsu , Japanese shogun (1623-1650, 843, 847, 895

  Iyenari , Japanese shogun (1787-1836), 862

  Iyenobu , Japanese shogun (1709-1712), 886

  Iyesada , Japanese shogun (1853-1858), 915

  Iyeyasu , Japanese shogun (1603-1616), 838, 841-843, 846-847, 849, 850, 866, 877, 886, 889, 894, 895, 905, 914

  Iyeyoshi , Japanese shogun (1837-1852), 915

  Izanagi , 829, 875, 892

  Izanami (ē-zä-nä-mē), 829, 875, 892

  J

  Jabali , 461

  Jacob, Hebrew patriarch, 41, 310, 314*, 334, 336, 340

  Jacobi, H., 419*

  Jacobins, 19*

  Jade, 737

  Jagannath Puri , 599

  Jahanara , daughter of Shah Jehan (ca. 1658), 474

  Jaimini , Indian religious teacher (4th century, B.C. ?), 545-546

  Jainism (jīn’-ism), 419, 420-422, 459, 469, 471, 508*, 520, 529, 534, 597, 598, 599, 600, 601, 626

  Jaipur , 393, 585

  James I, King of England and VI of Scotland (1567[S], 1603[E]-1625), 317

  James, William, American psychologist (1842-1910), 535

  Jamsetpur , 622

  Janak(a) , 414, 567-568

  Japan, 3, 42, 98, 103, 162, 166, 184, 192, 312*, 449, 450, 501, 504, 506, 577, 594, 595, 596, 602, 626, 633, 646, 730, 736, 738, 752, 753, 757, 773, 799*, 806, 807, 808, 809, 810, 813, 814, 815*, 829-933

  Japan, Emperor of, 59

  Japanese, 53, 640

  Jastrow, Morris, 343*

  Jataka books, 423, 578

  Java, 65, 92, 391, 451, 594, 595, 602, 603

  Jaxartes (jăx-är’-tez) River, 353

  Jayadeva , Indian poet 491, 580

  Jefferson, Thomas, President of the United States (1743-1826), 304

  Jehangir , Mogul emperor (1605-1627), 471-473, 480, 483*, 579, 591, 608, 609

  Jehoiakim , King of Judah (608-597 B.C.), 321

  Jehol , 806, 931

  Jehovah , see Yahveh

  Jenghiz Khan, see Genghis Khan

  Jeremiah, Hebrew prophet (fl. 600), 312, 315, 322-324, 422*

  Jericho, 300, 302*

  Jerusalem, 267, 298, 305-306, 307, 314, 315, 316, 317, 321, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327-328, 334*, 348, 384, 606

  Jesuits, 94, 469, 768, 788, 840, 877

  Jewelry, in primitive societies, 86

  in Sumeria, 119, 130

  in Egypt, 169-170, 191-192

  in Babylonia, 254

  in Assyria, 265, 278

  in Persia, 378

  in India, 499, 585

  in China, 736, 737

  Jewish Encyclopedia, 306*

  Jews, 62, 117, 118, 213, 217, 218, 234, 235, 236, 242, 245, 263, 267, 268, 284, 287, 297, 298, 299-349, 358, 367, 469, 508*

  Jezebel , wife of King Ahab, (ca. 875-850 B.C.), 317*

  Jimmu , emperor of Japan (660-585 B.C.), 873

  Jinas , 420

  Jintoshotoki , 886

  Jippensha Ikku , Japanese novelist (died 1831), 885

  Jizo (jē-zō), 864

  Job (jōb), 259, 261, 343-346, 367

  Joffe , A., Russian diplomat (died ca. 1928), 812

  Johnson, Samuel, English author and lexicographer (1709-1784), 2*, 681

  Johur , 456, 495

  Jojaku , Japanese woodcarver (13th century), 897*

  Jokai (jō-kī), Japanese woodcarver (13th century), 897*

  Jonathan, son of King Saul (ca. 1010 B.C.), 304-305

  Jones, Sir William, English Orientalist (1746-1794), 391*, 406, 574, 578*

  Jonson, Ben, English poet and dramatist (1574-1637), 631

  Jordan River, 298

  Joseph, Hebrew patriarch (ca. 1900 B.C.), 340

  Josephine, Empress of the French (1763-1814), 246

  Josephus, Flavius, Jewish historian (37-96?), 179, 299, 301†, 307, 383

  Joshua , Hebrew leader (died ca. 1425 B.C.), 302

  Josiah , King of
the Jews (641-610 B.C.), 203*, 320-321, 328, 333, 364

  Juangs, 8

  Jubilee, 337-338

  Judah (kingdom), 315, 317, 321, 322, 323, 329

  Judea, 68, 218, 299-349, 422*, 640, 651

  Judges (of Israel), 304

  Juggernaut, 520*

  Julian calendar, 181

  Juma Masjid , 608

  Jumna River, 393, 460, 474, 479 521

  Jupiter, 402

  K

  Ka (kä), 148, 149, 150, 202

  Kaapiru , Egyptian official, 186

  also see Sheik-el-Beled

  Kabir , Indian poet (1440-1518), 470, 523, 582-583

  Kabuki Shibai , 890-891

  Kabul , 227, 392, 450, 464

  Kadesh (kā’-děsh), 213

  Kaempfer, Engelbrecht, German botanist and traveler (1651-1716), 853, 862

  Kaffirs, 35, 42, 45, 53, 64, 65, 75

  Kaga , 900, 901

  Kaga no-Chiyo , Lady, Japanese poet (1703-1775), 858, 880

  Kagawa, Toyohiko , Japanese socialist, 921

  K’aifeng (kī-fŭng), 727

  Kaikeyi (kī’-kā-ē), 568

  Kailasha Temple, 601

  Kakiemon , Japanese potter (ca. 1650), 900

  Kala-at-Sherghat , see Ashur (city)

  Kalakh , 265, 266, 278, 279, 280

  Kalgan , 931

  Kalhana , Indian historian, 579

  Kali (kä’-lē), 200, 499, 501, 509, 511, 519, 520, 617, 625

  Kalidasa , Indian poet (ca. 400), 391*, 451, 45*, 572, 574-576, 578

  Kalingas , 446

  Kali-yuga , 513

  Kallen, Horace M., 343*

  Kalpa , 513

  Kamakura , 450, 830, 837, 892, 894, 895, 898, 905

  Kamakura Bakufu, 837

  Kamasutra , 490

  Kamatari , Japanese statesman (fl. 645), 833

  Kambinana, 57

  Kamchadals , 45, 50

  Kamchatka , 896

  Kami (kä-mē), 840

  Kamo no-Chomei (kä-mö nō-chō-mā), Japanese essayist (1154-1216), 852, 888-889

  Kamo (kä-mō) Temple, 888

  Kanada , Indian philosopher (date unknown), 528, 529, 536, 546

  Kanarak , 599

  Kanarese , 555

  Kanauj , 452, 453

  Kandahar , 392

  Kandy (kän’-dē), 450, 506, 585, 603

  Kang Teh (käng dā), 931

  also see P’u Yi

  Kangakusha scholars, 874

  K’ang-hsi (käng-shē), Chinese emperor (1662-1722), 736, 752, 758, 767-768, 771, 788*, 795

  Kangra , 591

  Kanishka , King of the Kushans (ca. 120), 450-451, 504, 506, 571, 594, 786

  Kano Masanobu , Japanese painter (died 1490), 905

  Kano Motonobu , Japanese painter (1476-1559), 905

  Kano School (of Japanese painting), 843, 902*, 905-906

  Kano Tanyu , Japanese painter 1602-1674), 905

  Kano Yeitoku (yā-tō-koo), Japanese architect (1543-1590), 905