Our Oriental Heritage

  Szuma Kuang (dwäng), Chinese historian (fl. 1076), 719, 726

  T

  Ta Hsüeh (gä shü’-ŭh), 665

  Tabi-utul-Enlil , King of Nippur, 260–261

  Tabus , 69–70

  Tacitus, Caius Cornelius, Roman historian (fl. 55-120), 578

  Tagore, Abanindranath , Indian artist, 619

  Tagore, Davendranath , Indian reformer, 619

  Tagore, Dwijendranath , Indian philosopher, 619

  Tagore, Gogonendranath , Indian artist, 619

  Tagore, Rabindranath , Indian poet (1861-), 391, 415, 493, 582†, 619–621, 622

  Tagtug, 129

  Tahiti, 6, 10, 32, 38, 45, 77, 107

  Tahito (tä-hē-tō), Japanese poet (665-731), 856

  T’ai Tsu , Chinese emperor (960-976), 724

  T’ai Tsung , Chinese emperor 627-650), 675, 702, 782

  T’ai Tsung, Chinese emperor (976-998), 731

  T’ai Tsung, Korean emperor (15th century), 730

  Taiko (tī-kō), 839

  Taine, Hippolyte Adolphe (1828-1893), French critic, 199, 719

  T’ai-p’ing Rebellion, 742, 758–759, 805, 915

  Taira family, 835

  Tai-shan (tī-shän) (mountain), 787

  Taj Mahal , 473, 609–610, 611, 897

  Takamine , Japanese scientist, 924

  Takayoshi (tä-kä-yō-shē), Japanese painter (ca. 1010), 904

  Ta-ki , wife of Chou Hsin (ca. 1135 B.C.), 645

  Tale of the Water Margins, 718

  Talent (money), 306*, 358*

  Talikota , 457, 459

  Talleyrand-Périgord, Charles Maurice de, Prince of Benevento, French statesman and wit (1754-1838), 151

  Talmud , 329, 519

  Tambura , 586

  Tamerlane , 463; see Timur-i-lang

  Tamil language, 555, 581

  Tamils, 446, 490

  Tammuz , 120, 127, 238–239, 241*, 295, 312, 341

  Tamura Maro , Japanese general (ca. 800), 854

  T’ang (täng) Dynasty, 675, 702, 703, 724, 728, 735, 736 740, 745*, 749, 751, 755, 775, 780, 782, 790, 797, 800, 835

  T’ang (state), 683

  Tangut , 761

  Tanjore (tan-jôr’), 393, 490, 585, 594, 602, 610

  Tanka , 880, 926

  Tantras , 518, 519, 541

  Tao (dou), 653, 689, 783

  T’ao Ch’ien (dow chē-ăn’), Chinese poet (365-427), 713–714

  T’ao Hung-ching , Chinese writer (6th century), 782

  Taoism 653-658, 675, 728, 731, 741, 746, 748, 754, 786–787

  Tao-Te-Ching (dou-dā-jing), 653, 657

  Tarahumaras, 7

  Tashkent , 453

  Tasmanians, 14, 21, 74, 79

  Tata (tä-tä) Iron and Steel Company, 622

  Tatars , 701, 750, 770

  Tattooing, 85

  Tattwas , 537–538, 539

  Taxation, in Sumeria, 126

  in Egypt, 160, 214

  in Judea, 308

  in Persia, 363

  in India, 480

  in China, 699

  in Japan, 851–852

  Taxila , 440, 441–442, 450, 492*, 557

  Taylor, Meadows, 601*

  Tcheou-ta-Kouan , Chinese diplomat (ca. 1275), 604, 605

  Tecunas, 73

  Tefnut , 201

  Tejahpala Temple, 598

  Tekoschet , 189

  Tell-Asmar , 395*

  Tell-el-Amarna , 188, 205, 211, 212*

  Tell-el-Ubaid , 133

  Tell Halaf , 286

  Tello (těl’lō), 131

  Telugu (dialect), 458, 555

  Telugus (tribe), 495

  Temple, 307–308, 309, 314, 315, 318, 321, 323, 324, 326, 327, 332, 333, 335, 337

  Ten Commandments, 312, 331–379, 374

  Ten Thousand (Xenophon’s), 284

  Tenchi (těn-chē), 834

  Tenchi Tenno (těn-nō), Emperor of Japan (668-671), 833, 850, 877

  Teng Shih , Chinese radical (ca. 530 B.C.), 651–652

  Tengri, 60

  Tennyson, Alfred, Baron, English poet (1809-1892), 491, 550*, 620

  Tepe Gawra , 265

  Thaïs, Athenian courtesan (4th century B.C.), 82

  Thales, Greek philosopher and scientist (640-546 B.C.), 533, 552

  Thamos , King of Egypt (mythical), 76

  Thanatopsis, 408

  Thapsacus , 228

  Thebes, 140, 151, 153, 154, 155, 167, 190, 191, 210, 213, 217*, 248, 307, 314, 449

  Théodut, Father, 13

  Theosophy, 554*, 616†

  Third Dynasty (Egypt), 140, 147, 165

  Thirteen, as an unlucky number, 79

  Thomas, Elbert, 693*

  Thoreau, Henry David, American writer (1817-1862), 79, 631, 889

  Thoth (thōth), 76, 147, 179, 199, 203*, 277*, 331‡

  Thracians, 494

  Thucydides, Greek historian (ca. 471-399 B.C.), 578, 719

  Thugs, 499–500

  Thutmose (thŭt’-mōz), Egyptian artist (ca. 1370 B.C.), 188, 192

  Thutmose I, King of Egypt (1545-1514 B.C.), 153, 154, 185

  Thutmose II, King of Egypt (1514-1501), 153

  Thutmose III, King of Egypt (1479-1447 B.C.), 111, 142, 143, 153, 154–155, l60, 178, 181, 184, 185, 188, 189, 205, 210, 222, 270, 300, 302*

  Thutmose IV, King of Egypt (1420-1412 B.C.), 155

  Ti, 60

  Tiamat , 236–237, 278

  Tiberius Claudius Nero Caesar, Roman emperor (14-37), 381

  Tibet , 38, 39, 45, 140, 329, 391, 401, 449, 501, 504, 506–507, 589, 602, 606, 767, 798

  Tientsin , 765, 778, 805

  Tiglath-Pileser I, King of Assyria (1115-1102 B.C.), 266-267, 280

  Tiglath-Pileser III, King of Assyria (745-727 B.C.), 267, 270

  Tigris River, 117, 118, 119, 124, 135, 136, 218, 221, 265, 286†, 299, 756

  Tilak , Bal Gangadhar, Indian Nationalist leader (1856-1920), 626, 632

  Timbuktu, 3

  Timon of Athens, 175, 689

  Timur-i-lang , Turkish conqueror (1336-1405), 463, 464, 465

  Ting , Duke of Lu (ca. 500 B.C.), 662, 663

  Tinnevelly , 456

  Tirumalai Nayyak , Prince of Madura (1623-1659), 600, 602

  Tiruvallaver , Indian poet (ca. 950), 581–582

  Tiy mother of Amenhotep IV (ca. 1400 B.C.), 168

  Tlingits, 6

  To no-Chujo , 893

  Toba Sojo , Japanese painter (1053-1140), 904

  Tod, James, British army officer and Orientalist (1782-1835), 455, 492†, 496*

  Todaiji (tō-dī-jē) Temple, 892, 895

  Todas, 39

  Togo, Count Heihachiro , Japanese naval hero (1847-1934), 919

  Togos, 42

  Tokugawa Shogunate, 829, 838, 844, 846, 852, 853, 855, 865, 866, 871, 875, 877, 886, 905, 906, 914

  Tokyo (tō-kyō), 830, 841, 847, 852*, 862, 867, 873, 877, 884, 886, 895, 905, 910, 914, 919, 920*, 921, 931

  Tokyo, University of, 877, 926

  Toledo, Spain, 896

  Tolstoy, Count Leo Nikolaiěvitch, Russian writer and reformer (1828-1910), 627, 631, 693

  Tom Jones, 718, 882, 891

  Tom Sawyer, 410

  Tomb of Nakht, 191

  Tools, in primitive societies, 12–13

  12-13 Prehistoric cultures, 93–95, 100–101, 103, 104

  in Sumeria, 124

  in Egypt, 145

  in Babylonia, 227

  in India, 395, 601*

  Topheth (tō’-fět), 321

  Torah , 328

  Toramana , Hunnish King (500-502), 452

  Torres Straits, 85

  Torture, in Egypt, 162

  in Assyria, 272, 275–276

  in Persia, 361–362, 373

  in India, 483

  in China, 797

  in Japan, 850

  Toru Kojomoto , Japanese engraver (fl. 1687), 907–908

  Tosa Gon-no-kumi , Japanese painter (ca. 1250), 903

 
Tosa School (of Japanese painting), 843, 903–904

  Toson , Japanese novelist and poet, 926–927

  Totemism, 61–62, 76–77, 332

  Tours, 460

  “Towers of Silence,” 372

  Toyama, Mitsuru, Japanese nationalist leader (1855-), 923

  Trade, in primitive societies, 15–16

  in prehistoric cultures, 101

  in Sumeria, 125, 131, 135

  in Egypt, 135, 160–161

  in Babylonia, 228

  in Assyria, 274

  in Phoenicia, 292–293

  in Judea, 306

  in Persia, 358

  in India, 400, 479

  in China, 778–779, 815

  in Japan, 932

  Trajan, Marcus Ulpius, Roman emperor (98-117), 364

  Trans-Baikalia, 932

  Transport, in primitive societies, 14–15

  in prehistoric cultures, 101

  in Sumeria, 125

  in Egypt, 160

  in Babylonia, 227

  in Phoenicia, 292–293

  in Persia, 358

  in India, 400, 444–445, 479

  in China, 778

  in Japan, 920†, 934

  Trans-Siberian Railroad, 931

  Travancore , 456

  Trebizond , 766

  Tribe, the, 22

  Trichinopoly , 393, 602

  Trobriand Islanders, 31, 54

  Troubadours, 177

  Troy, 91, 107, 215

  Ts’ai Lun , inventor of paper (ca. 105), 727–728

  Tseng Ts’an (dzŭng tsän), Confucian disciple (ca. 490 B.C.), 665

  Ts’i (state), see Ch’i (state)

  Ts’i, Duke of, see Ch’i, Duke of

  Tsin, see Chin

  Tsing-tao , 639*, 929

  Tsoa , Chinese general (ca. 740), 715

  Tso-chuan (dzō jwăn), 718, 723

  Tsu Ch’ung-chih , Chinese mathematician (430-501), 781

  Tsunayoshi , Japanese shogun (1680-1709), 843

  Tsurayaki , Japanese poet (883-946), 858, 863, 878–879

  Tsushima , 919

  Tsze-kung , Confucian disciple (ca. 500 B.C.), 664, 666, 670, 671–672

  Tsze-loo , Confucian disciple (ca. 500 B.C.), 662, 663, 664, 666, 669

  Tuaregs, 46, 47

  Tu Fu , Chinese poet (712-770), 707, 713, 714–717, 747

  Tukaram , Indian poet (1608-1649), 581

  Tulsi Das , Indian poet (1532-1624), 581

  Tung Cho , Boxer general, 746

  Tungabadra River, 457

  T’ungchow , 808*

  Tungus, 21

  Tun-huang 728

  Tunis, 94

  Turgeniev, Ivan, Russian novelist and dramatist (1818-1883), 687

  Turin Musuem, 188

  Turkestan, 108, 140, 506, 571, 594, 606, 642, 728, 729, 739, 741, 767, 779, 902

  Turkey, 703

  Turks, 24*, 154, 286†, 362, 450, 459, 464*, 756

  Tutenkhamon , King of Egypt (1360-1350 B.C.), 141, 155, 191, 213

  Tutenkhaton , see Tutenkhamon

  Twelfth Dynasty (Egypt), 151, 185, 187

  Twenty-one Demands, 813, 928–929

  Twenty-second Dynasty (Egypt,) 185

  Twoshtri , 492

  Tycoon, 839

  Tyre (tīr), 106, 227, 228, 292, 294, 295, 303, 306, 308, 317, 318, 324, 337, 384

  T’zu Hsi (tzŭ shē), Chinese dowager empress (1834-1908), 782, 806–808, 810

  U

  Udaipur , 393, 475

  Udayana , Indian scientist (ca. 975), 529

  Uganda, 45

  Uimala-Kirti , Buddhist saint, 747

  Ujjain , 451, 557, 575

  Ukiyoye engravers, 907, 908, 910

  Ulysses, 570

  Uma , aspect of Kali, 509

  Uma no-Kami , 884

  Ungut , 765

  United Provinces, 486†

  United States, 93, 391, 444–445, 737, 805, 806, 808, 809, 813, 815, 829, 835, 891, 915, 917*, 918, 928, 929–930, 931, 932–933

  United States Army Medical Corps, 925

  United States Bureau of Standards, 400

  Unkei , Japanese woodcarver (1180-1220), 897*

  Untouchables, see Outcastes

  Upanishads , 58, 391, 404, 407, 409, 410–415, 416, 417, 419, 470, 542, 545, 546, 547, 551*, 554, 564, 566, 571, 690

  Ur 103, 118, 119, 120, 122–123, 132, 133–134, 136, 179, 215–234, 300, 395

  Urartu , 287; see Armenia

  Urdu , 555

  Ur-engur , King of Ur (ca. 2450 B.C.), 122-123, 127, 135

  Urfé, Honoré d’, French novelist (1568-1626), 756*

  Urga , 931

  Uriah , Hittite general (ca. 900 B.C.), 305

  Ur-nina , King of Lagash (3100 B.C.), 133

  Uruguay, 932

  Uruk , 118, 119, 120, 123, 127, 234, 250, 251, 252, 253

  Urukagina , King of Lagash (ca. 2900 B.C.), 120-121, 128, 129

  Uruvela , 426

  Urvashi , 511

  Ushas , 403

  Ussher, James, Archbishop of Armagh and biblical chronologer (1581-1656), 300

  Ussuri River, 806

  Utamaro , Japanese engraver (1753-1806), 908

  Uzzah , 69, 313

  V

  Vaccination, 531–5

  Vachaspati , Indian scientist (850), 529

  Vadnagar , 599

  Vaghbata , Indian medical writer (ca. 625), 530

  Vaishali , 419, 422

  Vaisheshika philosophy, 528, 536

  Vaishnavites , 508, 598, 606

  Vaisyas , 399, 487, 623, 678

  Vajjians , 398

  Valley of the Kings, 154

  Valmiki , Indian poet (ca. 100 B.C.), 567, 570

  Vanaprastha , 522

  Vandamme, Dominique-René, French general (1770-1830), 466

  Varahamihira , Indian astronomer (505-587), 452, 526

  Varuna , 285, 397†, 402, 403–404

  Vasanti , 501

  Vashubandu , Buddhist commentator (ca. 320-380), 452

  Vatsyayana , 490

  Vayu , 402

  Vedanta philosophy, 541, 546–551, 552, 554, 618, 621, 731

  Vedas , 365*, 366, 398, 401, 403, 406–409, 416, 419, 420, 433, 485, 486, 493, 505, 507, 511, 523, 534, 535, 542, 546, 553, 557, 562*, 565, 571, 572, 596, 616

  Veddahs , 14, 21, 56

  Vedic Age, 397–398, 399, 401, 406, 493, 494, 495, 524, 530, 618

  Vegetation rites, 65

  Velasquez de Silva, Diego Rodriguez, Spanish painter (1599-1660,) 910

  Vemana , Indian poet (17th century), 523–524

  Vendidad , 365‡

  Venezuela, 99*

  Venice, 2, 479, 640, 753, 760, 766, 769, 776

  Venus, 60, 235, 238, 255

  Venus (planet), 257

  Versailles, 704*, 835

  Victoria (Australia), 50

  Victoria Institute, Madras, 585

  Vidarbha , 557

  Videhas , 533, 567

  Vijayanagar (city), 456, 457–458, 459

  Vijayanagar (state), 456–459, 477†, 495, 602

  Vikramaditya Chalukya , King of Magadha (1076-1126), 457*, 602

  Vikramaditya Gupta , King of Magadha (380-413), 451, 478, 576

  Vimala Temple, 598–599

  Vina (vē-nä’), 586

  Vinaya , 428*

  Vinaya Pitaka, 589

  Vinci, Leonardo da, Italian artist (1452-1519), 97, 182, 589, 590, 751, 905, 912

  Virginity, in primitive societies, 45–46

  Virocana , 416

  Virupaksha Temple, 602

  Vishnu , 402, 413*, 458, 506, 507, 508, 511, 523, 524, 552, 565, 588, 590, 594, 598, 602, 604, 625

  Vishnupurana, 511-513

  Vishtaspa , 364

  see Hystaspes

  Vispered , 365‡

  Vivasvat , 403

  Vivekananda, Swami (Narendranath Dutt), Indian philosopher (1863-1902), 617*, 618

  Vizierate, in Egypt, 162–163

  Vla
divostok , 932

  Volga River, 355

  Vologesus V, King of Parthia (209-222) 365‡

  Voltaire (François Marie Arouet de), French writer (1694-1778), 348, 445, 511, 550, 578, 594, 639, 657, 683, 688, 693, 695, 768, 788–789

  Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin, 225‡

  Vyasa , the Indian Homer, 511, 561

  W

  Wabunias, Queen of the, 86

  Wagakusha scholars, 874

  Wages, in Egypt, 159, 214

  in Babylonia, 231

  in Persia, 363

  in India, 481

  in China, 816

  in Japan, 852, 921

  Wagner, Richard, German composer (1813-1883), 58

  Wagon-wheel, 14, 117

  Wales, 92

  Waley, Arthur, 703†, 704*, 714, 883

  Wallace, Alfred Russel, English biologist and naturalist (1822-1913), 25–26

  Wang An-shih , Chinese socialist statesman (fl. 1070), 724–726

  Wang Chieh , Chinese printer (fl. 868), 729

  Wang Hsi-chih , Chinese calligrapher (ca. 400), 745*

  Wang Mang (wäng mäng), Chinese emperor (5-25), 700–701

  Wang Shu-ho , Chinese medical writer (ca. 300), 782

  Wang Wei (wäng wā), Chinese painter (699-759), 748–749

  Wang Yang-ming , Chinese philosopher (1472-1528), 733–735, 748, 871

  Wan-li (wän-lē), see Shen Tsing

  War, in primitive societies, 22–23

  War and Peace, 718

  Ward, C. O., 302

  Ward, Lester Frank, American sociologist (1841-1913), 23

  Warfare, Sumerian, 126

  Assyrian, 270–271, 272–273

  Persian, 360

  Indian, 443

  Chinese, 647

  Japanese, 918

  (see, also, Samurai)

  Warka, see Uruk

  Warwick, Richard Neville, Earl of (“The King-Maker”), 834

  Washington Conference (1922), 929

  Waterloo, 613

  Wealth, of Egypt, 214, 215

  of Babylonia, 229

  of Phoenicia, 294

  of Judea, 306

  of Persia, 363

  of India, 481–482

  of China, 703, 763

  of Japan, 920

  Weaving, in primitive societies, 13

  in prehistoric cultures, 100–101

  in Egypt, 191

  in Babylonia, 227

  in India, 478–479, 585

  in China, 776–777

  Wei (wā) (state), 663, 680, 695

  Wei, Dukes of, 663, 666, 688

  Wei River, 641, 651

  Wei Sheng , 790

  Weigall, Arthur, British Egyptologist (1880-1934) 134

  Weismann, August, German zoologist (1834-1914), 529

  Wen Ti , Chinese emperor (179-157 B.C.), 698

  Wen T’ien-hsian , Chinese patriot and scholar (ca. 1260), 764

  Wen Wang , Chinese emperor (fl. 1123 B.C.), 650

  Westermarck, Edward, 499