The Age of Spiritual Machines: When Computers Exceed Human Intelligence
________. Language and Thought. Wakefield, RI, and London: Moyer Bell, 1993.
________. Ref lections on Language. New York: Pantheon, 1975.
______. Rules and Representation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1980.
_______. Syntactic Structures. The Hague: Mouton, 1957.
Choudhary, Alok N. and Janak H. Pattl. Parallel Architectures and Parallel Algorithms for Integrated Vision Systems. Boston: Kluwer Academic, 1990.
Christensen, Clayton. The Innovator’s Dilemma: When New Technologies Cause Great Firms to Fail. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business School Press, 1997.
Church, Alonzo. Introduction to Mathematical Logic. Vol. 1. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1956.
Church, Kenneth W Phonological Parsing in Speech Recognition. Norwell, MA: Kluwer Academic, 1987.
Churchland, P S. and T. J. Sejnowski. The Computational Brain. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1992.
Churchland, Paul. The Engine of Reason, the Seat of the Soul. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1995.
_______. Matters and Consciousness: A Contemporary Introduction to the Philosophy of Mind. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1984.
. A Neurocomputational Perspective: The Nature of Mind and the Structure of Science. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1989.
Clark, Andy. Being There: Putting Brain, Body, and World Together Again. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1997.
Clarke, Arthur C. 3001: The Final Odyssey. New York: Ballantine Books, 1997.
Coates, Joseph F., John B. Mahaffie, and Andy Hines. 2025: Scenarios of U.S. and Global Society Reshaped by Science and Technology. Greensboro, NC: Oak Hill Press, 1997.
Cohen, I. Bernard. The Newtonian Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980.
Cohen, John. Human Robots in Myth and Science. London: Allen and Unwin, 1966.
Cohen, Paul R. Empirical Methods for Artificial Intelligence. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1995.
Cohen, Paul R. and Edward A. Feigenbaum. The Handbook of Artificial Intelligence, Vols. 3 and 4. Los Altos, CA: William Kaufmann, 1982.
Connell, Jonathan H. Minimalist Mobile Robotics: A Colony-Style Architecture for an Artificial Creature. Boston: Academic Press, 1990.
Conrad, Michael and H. H. Pattee. “Evolution Experiments with an Artificial Ecosystem.” Journal of Theoretical Biology 28 (1970).
Conrad, Michael et al. “Towards an Artificial Brain.” BioSystems 23 (1989).
Cornford, Francis M. Plato’s Cosmology. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1937.
Crandall, B. C., ed. Nanotechnology: Molecular Speculations on Global Abundance. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1997.
Crease, Robert P and Charles C. Mann. The Second Creation. New York: Macmillan, 1986.
Crick, Francis. The Astonishing Hypothesis: The Scientific Search for the Soul. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1994.
_______. Life Itself. London: Mcdonald, 1981.
Critchlow, Arthur J. Introduction to Robotics. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1985.
Cullinane, John J. The Entrepreneur’s Survival Guide: 101 Tips for Managing in Good Times and Bad. Homewood, IL: Business One Irwin, 1993.
Daedalus: Journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Artificial Intelligence. Winter 1998. Vol. 117.
Darwin, Charles. The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex. Second ed. New York: Hurst and Company, 1874.
_______. The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. 1872. Reprint. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1965.
_______. Origin of Species. Reprint. London: Penguin, 1859.
Davies, Paul. Are We Alone? Implications of the Discovery of Extraterrestrial Life. New York: Basic Books, 1995.
_____. The Cosmic Blueprint. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1988.
______. God and the New Physics. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1983.
________. The Mind of God. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1992.
————. “A New Science of Complexity.” New Scientist 26 (November 1988).
Davis, Philip J. and David Park, eds. No Way: The Nature of the Impossible. New York: W. H. Freeman, 1988.
Davis, Philip J. and Reben Hersh. Descartes’ Dream: The World According to Mathematics. San Diego, CA: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1986.
Davis, R. and D. B. Lenat. Knowledge-Based Systems in Artificial Intelligence. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1980.
Dawkins, Richard. The Blind Watchmaker: Why the Evidence of Evolution Reveals a Universe Without Design. New York: W W Norton and Company, 1986.
————. “The Evolution of Evolvability.” Artificial Life, edited by Christopher G. Langton. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1988.
————. The Extended Phenotype. San Francisco: Freeman, 1982.
_______. River out of Eden: A Darwinian View of Life. New York: Basic Books, 1995.
_______. “Universal Darwinism.” Evolution from Molecules to Men, edited by D. S. Bendall. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.
________. The Selfish Gene. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1976.
Dechert, Charles R., ed. The Social Impact of Cybernetics. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1966.
Denes, Peter B. and Elliot N. Pinson. The Speech Chain: The Physics and Biology of Spoken Language. Bell Telephone Laboratories, 1963.
Dennett, Daniel C. Brainstorms: Philosophical Essays on Mind and Psychology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1981.
____________. Consciousness Explained. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1991.
_______. Content and Consciousness. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1969.
______. Darwin’s Dangerous Idea: Evolution and the Meanings of Life. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1995.
______. Elbow Room: The Varieties of Free Will Worth Wanting. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1985.
______. The Intentional Stance. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1987.
_______. Kinds of Minds: Toward an Understanding of Consciousness. New York: Basic Books, 1996.
Denning, Peter J. and Robert M. Metcalfe. Beyond Calculation: The Next Fifty Years of Computing. New York: Copernicus, 1997.
Depew, David J. and Bruce H. Weber, eds. Evolution at a Crossroads. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1985.
Dertouzos, Michael. What Will Be: How the New World of Information Will Change Our Lives. New York: HarperCollins, 1997.
Dertouzos, Michael L. and Joel Moses Dertouzos. The Computer Age: A Twenty Year View. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1979.
Descartes, R. Discourse on Method, Optics, Geometry, and Meteorology. 1637. Reprint. Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill, 1956.
_____. Meditations on First Philosophy. Paris: Michel Soly, 1641.
_____. Treatise on Man. Paris, 1664.
Devlin, Keith. Mathematics: The Science of Patterns. New York: Scientific American Library, 1994.
Dewdney, A. K. The Armchair Universe: An Exploration of Computer Worlds. New York: W H. Freeman, 1988.
De Witt, Bryce and R. D. Graham, eds. The Many-Worlds Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1974.
Diebold, John. Man and the Computer: Technology as an Agent of Social Change. New York: Avon Books, 1969.
Dixit, Avinash and Robert S. Pindyck. Investment Under Uncertainty. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994.
Dobzhansky, Theodosius. Mankind Evolving: The Evolution of the Human Species. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1962.
Dodds, E. R. Greeks and the Irrational. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1951.
Downes, Larry, Chunka Mui, and Nicholas Negroponte. Unleashing the Killer App: Digital Strategies for Market Dominance,. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business School Press, 1998.
Drachmann, A. G. The Mechanical Technology of Greek and Roman Antiquity. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1963.
Drexler, K. Eric. Engines of Creation. New York: Doubleday, 1986.
_______. “Hypertext Publishing and the Evolution of Knowledge.” Social Intelligence 1:2 (1991).
Dreyfus, Hubert. “Alchemy and Artificial I
ntelligence,” Rand Technical Report, December 1965.
________. Philosophic Issues in Artificial Intelligence. Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1967.
______. What Computers Can’t Do: The Limits of Artificial Intelligence. New York: Harper and Row, 1979.
_______. What Computers Still Can’t Do: A Critique of Artificial Reason. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1992.
______, ed. Husserl, Intentionality & Cognitive Science. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1982.
Dreyfus, Hubert L. and Stuart E. Dreyfus. Mind over Machine: The Power of Human Intuition and Expertise in the Era of the Computer. New York: The Free Press, 1986.
Drucker, Peter F. Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Practice and Principles. New York: Harper and Row, 1985.
Durrett, H. John, ed. Color and the Computer. Boston: Academic Press, 1987.
Dyson, Esther. Release 2.0: A Design for Living in the Digital Age. New York: Broadway Books, 1997.
Dyson, Freeman. Disturbing the Universe. New York: Harper and Row, 1979.
————. From Eros to Gaia. New York: HarperCollins, 1990.
_______. Infinite in All Directions. New York: Harper and Row, 1988.
_______. Origins of Life. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.
Dyson, George B. Darwin Among the Machines: The Evolution of Global Intelligence. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1997.
Eames, Charles and Ray Eames. A Computer Perspective. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1973.
Ebeling, Carl. All the Right Moves: A VLSI Architecture for Chess. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1987.
Edelman, G. M. Neural Darwinism: The Theory of Neuronal Group Selection. New York: Basic Books, 1987.
Einstein, Albert. Relativity: The Special and the General Theory. New York: Crown, 1961.
Elithorn, Alick and Ranan Banerji. Artificial and Human Intelligence. Amsterdam: North Holland, 1991.
Enderle, G. Computer Graphics Programming. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1984.
Fadiman, Clifton, ed. Fantasia Mathematica: Being a Set of Stories, Together with a Group of Oddments and Diversion, All Drawn from the Universe of Mathematics. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1958.
Fahlman, Scott E. NETL: A System for Representing and Using Real-World Knowledge. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1979.
Fant, Gunnar. Speech Sounds and Features. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1973.
Feigenbaum, E. and Avron Barr, eds. The Handbook of Artificial Intelligence. Vol. 1. Los Altos, CA: William Kaufmann, 1981.
Feigenbaum, Edward A. and Julian Feldman, eds. Computers and Thought. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1963.
Feigenbaum, Edward A. and Pamela McCorduck. The Fifth Generation: Artificial Intelligence and Japans Computer Challenge to the World. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1983.
Feynman, Richard. “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom.” Miniaturization, edited by H. D. Gilbert. New York: Reinhold, 1961.
Feynman, Richard P Surely You’re Joking, Mr Feynman! New York: Norton, 1985.
_____. What Do You Care What Other People Think? New York: Bantam, 1988.
Feynman, Richard P., Robert B. Leighton, and Matthew Sands. The Feynman Lectures in Physics. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1965.
Findlay, J. N. Plato and Platonism: An Introduction. New York: Times Books, 1978.
Finkelstein, Joseph, ed. Windows on a New World: The Third Industrial Revolution. New York: Greenwood Press, 1989.
Fischler, Martin A. and Oscar Firschein. Intelligence: The Eye, the Brain and the Computer. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1987.
————, eds., Readings in Computer Vision: Issues, Problems, Principles, and Paradigms. Los Altos, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1987.
Fjermedal, Grant. The Tomorrow Makers: A Brave New World of Living Brain Machines. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1986.
Flanagan, Owen. Consciousness Reconsidered. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1992.
Flynn, Anita, Rodney A. Brooks, and Lee S. Tavrow. “Twilight Zones and Cornerstones: A Gnat Robot Double Feature.” A.I. Memo 1126. MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, 1989.
Fodor, Jerry A. The Language of Thought. Hassocks, UK: Harvester, 1975.
————. “Methodological Solipsism Considered as a Research Strategy in Cognitive Psychology.” Behavioral and Brain Sciences. Vol. 3, 1980.
______. The Modularity of Mind. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1983.
______. Psychosemantics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1987.
______. Representations: Philosophical Essays on the Foundations of Cognitive Science. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1982.
_______. A Theory of Content and Other Essays. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1990.
Fogel, Lawrence J., Alvin J. Owens and Michael J. Walsh. Artificial Evolution Through Simulated Evolution. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1966.
Foley, James, Andries van Dam, Steven Feiner, and John Hughes. Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1990.
Forbes, R. J. Studies in Ancient Technology. 9 vols. Leiden, Netherlands: E. J. Brill, 1955-1965.
Ford, Kenneth M., Clark Glymour, and Patrick J. Hayes. Android Epistemology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1995.
Forester, Tom. Computers in the Human Context. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1989.
_____. High-Tech Society: The Story of the Information Technology Revolution. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1987.
________. The Information Technology Revolution. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1985.
————. The Materials Revolution. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1988.
Forrest, Stephanie, ed. Emergent Computation. Amsterdam: North Holland, 1990.
Foster, Richard. Innovation: The Attacker’s Advantage. New York: Summit Books, 1986.
Fowler, D. H. The Mathematics of Plato’s Academy. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1987.
Franke, Herbert W Computer Graphics-Computer Art. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1985.
Franklin, Stan. Artificial Minds. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1997.
Frauenfelder, Uli H. and Lorraine Komisarjevsky Tyler. Spoken Word Recognition. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1987.
Freedman, David H. Brainmakers: How Scientists Are Moving Beyond Computers to Create a Rival to the Human Brain. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1994.
Freeman, Herbert, ed. Machine Vision for Three-Dimensional Scenes. Boston: Academic Press, 1990.
Freud, Sigmund. The Interpretation of Dreams. Reprint. London: Hogarth Press, 1955.
________. Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious. Vol. 8 of Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud. 1905. Reprint. London: Hogarth Press, 1957.
Freudenthal, Hans. Mathematics Observed. Trans. Stephen Rudolfer and I. N. Baker. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1967.
Frey, Peter W., ed. Chess Skill in Man and Machine. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1983.
Friend, David, Alan R. Pearlman, and Thomas D. Piggott. Learning Music with Synthesizers. Lexington, MA: Hal Leonard, 1974.
Gamow, George. One Two Three ... Infinity. Toronto: Bantam Books, 1961.
Gardner, Howard. The Mind’s New Science: A History of the Cognitive Revolution. New York: Basic Books, 1985.
Gardner, Martin. Time Travel and Other Mathematical Bewilderments. New York: W H. Freeman, 1988.
Garey, Michael R. and David S. Johnson. Computers and Intractability. San Francisco: W H. Freeman, 1979.
Gates, Bill. The Road Ahead. New York: Viking Penguin, 1995.
Gay, Peter. The Enlightenment: An Interpretation. Vol. 1, The Rise of Modern Paganism. New York, W W Norton, 1966.
_____. The Enlightenment: An Interpretation. Vol. 2, The Science of Freedom. New York, W W Norton, 1969.
Gazzaniga, Michael S. Mind Matters: How Mind and Brain Interact to Create Our Conscious Lives. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin Company, 1988.
Geissler, H. G. et al. Advances in Psychology. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, B.V, 1983.
Geissler, Hans-George, et al. Modern Issues in Perception. Amsterdam: North Holland, 1983.
Gelernter, David.
Mirror Worlds: Or the Day Software Puts the Universe in a Shoebox ... How It Will Happen and What It Will Mean. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.
________. The Muse in the Machine: Computerizing the Poetry of Human Thought. New York: The Free Press, 1994.
Gell-Mann, Murray. The Quark and the Jaguar: Adventures in the Simple and the Complex. New York: W H. Freeman, 1994.
______. “Simplicity and Complexity in the Description of Nature.” Engineering & Science 3, Spring 1988.
Ghiselin, Brewster. The Creative Process: A Symposium. New York: New American Library, 1952.
Gilder, George. Life After Television. New York: W W Norton and Company, 1994.
_______. The Meaning of Microcosm. Washington, D.C.: The Progress and Freedom Foundation, 1997.
_______. Microcosm: The Quantum Revolution in Economics and Technology. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1989.
________. Telecosm. New York: American Heritage Custom Publishing, 1996.
Gillispie, Charles. The Edge of Objectivity. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1960.
Glass, Robert L. Computing Catastrophes. Seattle, WA: Computing Trends, 1983.
Gleick, James. Chaos: Making a New Science. New York: Viking Penguin, 1987.
Glenn, Jerome Clayton. Future Mind: Artificial Intelligence: The Merging of the Mystical and the Technological in the 21st Century. Washington, D.C.: Acropolis Books, 1989.
Gödel, Kurt. On Formally Undecidable Propositions in “Principia Mathematica” and Related Systems. New York: Basic Books, 1962.
Goldberg, David E. Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization, and Machine Learning. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1989.
Goldstine, Herman. The Computer from Pascal to von Neumann. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1972.
Goleman, Daniel. Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ. New York: Bantam Books, 1995.
Good, I. J. “Speculations Concerning the First Ultraintelligent Machine.” Advances in Computers. Vol. 6. Edited by Franz L. Alt and Morris Rubinoff. Academic Press, 1965.
Goodman, Cynthia. Digital Visions: Computers and Art. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1987.
Gould, Stephen J. Ever Since Darwin. New York: Norton, 1977.
______. Full House: The Spread of Excellence from Plato to Darwin. New York: Crown, 1995.
_________. Hen’s Teeth and Horse’s Toes. New York: Norton, 1983.