Camelot's Court: Inside the Kennedy White House

Latin America and, 366, 375

  NIE report on, 217

  Operation Mongoose and, 216–20, 365

  Operation Northlands and, 220

  popularity of, 145

  refusal to allow U.N. inspection, 331, 360

  RFK on, 152

  Soviets and, 368, 376

  Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). See also McCone, John

  Bay of Pigs and, 134–36, 138, 144, 148, 150, 289

  Bissell at, 134–35, 150

  Castro and, 134, 135, 216–20, 253–54, 287–88, 365

  Cuban exiles and black ops, 131, 141, 142, 146, 371, 372, 374, 375, 388

  Cuban missile crisis and, 296, 318

  Cuba reconciliation opposed by, 388

  Cuba strategy of, 375–77, 385

  Dulles heads, 22, 76, 102, 132, 150

  Harvey as master spy, 219

  JFK’s anger with, 149

  Mafia in Cuba and, 135

  McCone heads, 217, 287

  profile of Khrushchev, 189, 190

  report on Diem, 165

  RFK’s Operation Mongoose and Special Group Augmented, 216, 219–20

  Soviet military build-up in Cuba and, 288–89, 291, 292–93, 295

  Soviet nuclear weapons in East Germany and, 290–91

  station chief in Saigon, 392–93, 398, 400

  U-2 incident in Russia, 142

  U-2 flights over Cuba, 366, 370

  U-2 photos of Soviet missiles in Cuba, 293, 302

  Vietnam and, 341, 349, 407, 416

  Chamberlain, Neville, 161

  Chase, Gordon, 384, 386

  Chiang Kai-shek, 186, 235

  China, 98, 179, 192, 237, 261

  loss of, as blow to Democrats, 98, 164, 248, 273

  U.S. national security and, 133

  Choate School, 9, 10–11, 39, 102

  Christopher, Warren, 100

  Churchill, Winston, 161, 186

  civil rights, xi, 1, 173–76

  Brown v. Board of Education, 96, 108

  Freedom Riders, 175

  Hoover as antagonist to, 121

  integration and, 108, 175, 292

  JFK appoints southern racists to federal judgeships, 291–92

  JFK’s caution on moving forward, 122, 176

  JFK’s lack of prioritizing, 352–54

  JFK’s meeting with black leaders (June 22, 1963), 402

  JFK’s national address, 353–54

  JFK’s record on, 251, 258–59

  JFK’s reliance on executive action, 120, 174, 292

  JFK’s rights bill, 352, 353–54, 402, 427

  King on JFK as lacking “moral passion,” 173, 292

  LBJ and, 123, 429

  March on Washington, 402

  Meredith’s enrollment in Ole Miss, 282–83

  Mississippi crisis, 291–92

  Montgomery demonstrations, 352

  RFK and, 60–61, 62, 122, 173, 175–76, 427

  RFK’s speech, University of Georgia, 176

  southern congressmen and, 96, 123, 173

  voting rights and, 258

  Clay, Lucius, 227

  Clifford, Clark, 24, 25, 63, 119

  Cline, Ray, 293

  Clinton, Bill, 100

  Cohn, Roy, 45

  Cold War

  Berlin tensions and, 180–86

  JFK-Khrushchev summit (June, 1961), 190–200

  JFK’s appointments and, 22

  JFK’s “peace speech,” 359–60

  JFK’s positions on, 16

  nuclear test ban treaty and, 209, 382–83

  Soviet nuclear testing and, 212

  space race and, 179

  U. S. lagging in, 177

  Vietnam and, 235–36, 243

  Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity, 123, 174–75

  communism, x, xi, 166, 181. See also Bay of Pigs invasion; Vietnam

  China and, 98, 405

  Cuba and, 67, 103, 105, 130, 159, 362, 366, 375, 383

  Khrushchev on, 197–98

  in Laos, 23

  national desire to curtail, 43, 106

  RFK’s combating of, 44, 46, 142

  Rostow and, 91–92

  in Southeast Asia, 23, 67, 158–60, 231, 233, 239, 272, 343, 405

  Soviet’s nuclear parity and, 212

  Truman’s containment policy, 28

  U.S. hyperbole and fear, 233–34

  Vietnam policy and, 159, 166–67, 169, 245, 247, 261, 272, 276, 286–87, 343, 405

  winning hearts and minds and, 96–97, 128, 230

  Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), 173, 175

  Connally, John, 56–57

  Coolidge, Calvin, 28, 204

  Corbin, Paul, 54, 56, 59

  Corcoran, Tommy, 8, 47–48

  Cordier, Andrew, 329

  Cottrell, Sterling, 274, 365

  Council of Economic Affairs, 118–19

  Counselor (Sorensen), 78–79, 426

  Cousins, Norman, 358–59

  Couve de Murville, Maurice, 234–35

  Cronkite, Walter, 405

  Cuba, xi, 23, 292–329, 360–77, 383–90. See also Bay of Pigs; Castro, Fidel; Cuban missile crisis

  Attwood initiative, 384–87

  Bay of Pigs, xi, 133–56, 181

  Eisenhower and, 130, 132

  exiles and black ops, 131, 141, 142, 146, 371–72, 374, 375, 383, 388

  expanding communist influence and, 67, 103, 105, 130, 159, 362

  JFK and anti-Castro hawks, 366–67, 368, 385

  JFK and diplomacy, 385–90

  JFK irritated about cross-currents around, 370–71, 373–74

  JFK’s advisers as unhelpful in resolving problem of, 374–77

  JFK’s advisers’ conflicting policy suggestions on, 368–70

  JFK’s advisers on “aggressive steps” against, 287

  JFK’s directions on, 373–74, 377

  JFK’s non-invasion pledge, 327, 360, 364, 365, 366, 374

  JFK’s opposing proposals for, 366

  JFK’s policy, after Bay of Pigs, 156–57, 360–77

  JFK’s policy, on ousting Castro, 213–21, 253–54

  JFK’s speech before the Inter-American Press Association and, 389–90

  Soviet military build-up in, 287–91

  Soviets and, 103, 106, 131, 371

  Soviet troops in, 368–69

  support of Castro, 145

  U-2 flights over, 360, 366, 370

  Cuban missile crisis, 292–329

  blockade-and-warning strategy, 303, 310, 313–15, 317, 318–22, 323, 326

  Bundy delay in informing JFK about missiles, 293–94

  domestic politics and, 295, 296

  ending and resolution of, 324–29

  experts and, 298, 310, 317

  experts’ failure and, 290, 293–94

  final U.S.-Soviet agreement, 361

  focus on removing missiles, 298, 324

  Harriman-JFK message, 322–23

  initial advisory discussions, 297

  JFK’s adviser group for, 296, 297, 302, 309–10

  JFK’s anger at Joint Chiefs, 317

  JFK’s choices for action, 302, 303, 304, 306–7, 309, 314

  JFK’s concern about Navy’s operations, 321–22

  JFK’s decision for blockade, 314–15, 317, 318–22

  JFK’s decision for diplomacy, 311–12

  JFK’s decision on force and, 305–6, 307, 311

  JFK’s first two questions regarding, 297–98

  JFK’s health and, 308–9

  JFK’s hiding crisis from press, 296, 298, 301, 307

  JFK’s Khrushchev message, 323

  JFK’s lessons from, 331–32

  JFK’s reaction to U-2 photo confirmation, 295

  JFK’s response to Khrushchev letter, 327–28

  Joint Chiefs and, 301–3, 305–6, 311, 315–17, 327, 330–33

  Joint Chiefs call for military strike after Khrushchev’s agreement, 327, 332

  Khrushchev and, 299, 300, 304, 310, 313, 314, 319??
?20, 321, 322–23

  Khrushchev deal, 325–26, 329

  McCone’s accuracy in spotting installations, 288–89, 292–93

  McNamara and, 298–99, 307–8, 310–11, 314, 332

  military response urged, 299, 301–3, 310–11, 314–18, 327, 330, 332

  NSC and, 318–19

  nuclear war threat and, 294, 299, 301, 302, 304, 308, 312, 314, 320, 321, 332

  political response position, 302, 303, 307–8

  political repercussions, 305, 311, 320

  press leaks and, 324–25

  recorded conversations, 298, 308, 316–17

  RFK and, 294, 296, 300–302, 305–7, 312–14, 318, 320, 321, 328, 329, 332–34, 361

  Rusk and, 299–300, 302–3

  Soviet’s motives, 298, 304, 305

  Soviet’s response to blockade, 319–21

  Turkish missile swap proposed, 326–29

  U-2 photos of Soviet missiles, 293, 296, 302, 310

  U-2 plane fired upon, 327

  U.S. allies and, 300, 303, 311

  Curley, James, 37

  Cushing, Richard Cardinal, 364

  Daley, Richard, 21

  Danger and Survival (Bundy), 428

  Daniel, Jean, 387, 390

  Dealey, E. M., 254–55

  Dean, Arthur, 257

  de Gaulle, Charles, 186, 187, 228, 232, 300, 432

  JFK meeting with, 186–89

  Democratic Party

  civil rights and, 173–74

  China’s loss to communists and, 98, 164, 248, 273

  Convention 1956, Stevenson’s running mate and, 48–49

  Convention 1960, 56–58

  foreign policy and, 16–17

  JFK urged to focus on vice presidency, 15–16

  JFK’s acceptance speech, 107

  liberals in, 20, 58, 78, 151

  presidential race 1960, 16–21

  as “war party,” 128

  Dewey, Thomas, 19

  Diem. See Ngo Dinh Diem

  Dillon, C. Douglas, 65, 84, 116–18, 126, 368, 371

  Cuban missile crisis and, 297, 309–10, 318

  Dillon, Clarence, 117

  DiSalle, Michael, 53–54

  Dobrynin, Anatoly, 293, 294, 320, 328, 329, 372, 383–84

  JFK and, 383–84

  RFK and, 333–34, 357, 361, 373

  Donovan, James, 366, 374

  Douglas, William O., 46

  Dr. Strangelove (film), 74

  Dulles, Allen, 22, 76, 132, 142, 213, 287

  advice on Cuba, 132

  Bay of Pigs and, 135, 149–50

  Dulles, John Foster, 99, 197, 312

  Durbrow, Elbridge, 162–63

  Eastland, James, 123

  economy, 1, 20, 121, 251, 336, 393

  JFK’s appointments and, 116–19

  poverty in America, 107

  recessions, 20, 107, 116, 259

  steel price increase threat, 259

  trade imbalances, 23, 116

  unemployment, 107

  education reforms, 107, 108

  “Effects of Nuclear Weapons, The” (U. S. Air Force), 362–63

  Eisenhower, Dwight D., 15, 24, 28, 42, 43, 44, 47, 107, 157

  advice after Bay of Pigs, 156

  Berlin and, 185

  Bohlen and, 312

  campaign of 1956, 47

  Castro ousting and, 219

  civil rights and, 108, 120

  Cuban missile crisis, 307, 314

  Cuba plan, 130, 131–32, 138

  Dillon and, 116–17

  domino theory, 160–61

  JFK’s criticism of, 130

  JFK’s opinion of, 22, 23

  JFK’s pre-inaugural meetings with, 22–24, 131

  LBJ and, 57

  Lemnitzer and, 68–69

  military-industrial complex, 152

  Nixon and, 20, 26, 59

  nuclear policy, 69, 72, 93, 157, 158

  nuclear war study, 304

  nuclear weapons stockpiling, 208

  opinion of JFK, 59, 105, 295, 296

  opinion of RFK, 59

  Rostow and, 91

  state department and, 99

  test ban treaty supported, 382

  Truman and, 22

  U-2 incident, 142

  Vietnam and, 160, 165

  Eisenhower, Mamie, 125

  Enemy Within, The (RFK), 51

  Farley, James, 9

  Faubus, Orval, 96, 108

  Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 22, 102

  investigation and intimidation of steel executives, 260

  Federal Communications Commission (FCC), 180

  Felt, Henry, 261, 340, 345–46

  Fitzgerald, John F. “Honey Fitz,” 4–6

  Ford, Gerald, ix, x

  Ford Motor Company, 85, 86, 430

  Forrestal, James, 285

  Forrestal, Michael, 281–82, 285–86, 409

  JFK asks for Vietnam withdrawal plan, 419

  letter on Diem, 344

  Vietnam and, 337, 340–41, 344, 391, 392–93, 394, 399, 409, 410, 415, 417

  Foster, William C., 104

  Frankfurter, Felix, 130

  Frondizi, Arturo, 214, 215

  Fulbright, J. William, 96, 97, 103, 104, 225

  Bay of Pigs opposition, 140

  on Castro, 138, 152, 376

  test ban treaty and, 382

  Furcolo, Foster, 112

  Fursenko, Aleksandr, 320

  Gagarin, Yuri, 177

  Galbraith, John Kenneth, 81, 119

  ambassador to India post, 82, 84

  foreign policy issues detailed by, 106

  as JFK campaign adviser, 19, 21

  on JFK getting bad advice during the Cuban missile crisis, 331

  JFK’s inaugural speech and, 105

  JFK’s motivations for staying in Vietnam, 247–48

  negotiated solution in Vietnam proposed, 269–71, 273–74

  warnings about Vietnam, 166, 232–33, 234, 341

  Germany. See also Berlin

  Adenauer government, 181

  Eastern sector and, 181

  JFK address (1963), 391

  Khrushchev’s demand for East German peace treaty, 199–200

  U.S. show of force on the Autobahn, 227

  Gilpatric, Roswell, 124, 166, 254, 297, 317, 322, 328, 337, 401

  Goldwater, Barry, 146, 335

  Goodwin, Richard, 130–31, 140, 153–54, 214, 215, 389

  Graham, Philip, 99, 116

  Greene, Graham, 218

  Grewe, Wilhelm, 181

  Gromyko, Andrey, 210, 256, 380, 385–86

  Groton School, 118

  Guevara, Che, 214, 362, 366, 385

  Guns of August, The (Tuchman), 320

  Halberstam, David, 126, 230, 285, 337, 338, 395, 412–13

  JFK complaints about, 397–98, 413, 414

  Hammarskjöld, Dag, 195

  Hannah, John A., 121

  Harding, Warren, 28

  Harkins, Paul, 340

  as commander, Vietnam, 260, 265, 274, 275, 280–81, 337, 340, 343, 346

  Diem ouster and, 400, 401, 403, 414

  Harriman, Averell, 155, 192–93, 285, 411

  Cuba and, 377

  Cuban missile crisis and, 322–23

  Diem ouster and, 401–2, 407, 416

  JFK-Khrushchev summit and, 192–94, 198–99

  Moscow delegation and, 380, 381

  Vietnam and, 242–43, 245, 269, 271–72, 273, 277, 280, 336–37, 341, 344, 391, 396, 397, 415

  Harrington, Michael, 107

  Harrison, Gilbert, 141

  Harvard University, 6, 118, 119

  Bundy and, 89, 90–91

  JFK at, 11, 12, 39

  Joe Kennedy, Jr., at, 9

  Joe Kennedy, Sr. at, 6–7

  O’Donnell at, 111

  RFK at, 40, 111

  Schlesinger and, 82, 83

  Harvey, William, 216, 217, 219

  Hersey, John, 207–8

  Hesburgh, The
odore, 121, 258

  Hilsman, Roger, 262, 273, 278, 336, 394

  Diem ouster and, 398, 399–401, 407, 415

  Rusk’s cables and, 409

  Soviet build-up in Cuba disputed by, 289

  Vietnam and, 340–41, 344, 346–47, 391, 394, 397

  warning to Diem and, 355

  Hiroshima (Hersey), 207–8

  Hofstadter, Richard, 82

  Hoover, Herbert, 19

  Hoover, J. Edgar, 22, 76, 102, 121

  Howard, Lisa, 377

  Humphrey, Hubert H., 19, 54, 55–56, 57, 102, 118

  Ickes, Harold, 8

  India, 102, 273–74

  Galbraith posted to, 82, 84, 166

  In Retrospect: The Tragedy and Lessons of Vietnam (McNamara), 431

  Internal Revenue Service (IRS), JFK’s use of, as threat, 260

  International Commission for Supervision and Control in Vietnam, 270–71

  Israel, 40, 97

  Jackson, Andrew, 82

  Jackson, Henry “Scoop,” 57, 78

  James, Henry, 128

  Jefferson, Thomas, 81, 249

  Johnson, Lyndon Baines, ix, x, 47–48

  advisers on Vietnam, 429–31

  Bundy and, 427–28

  as CEEO head, 123, 174–75

  character and personality, 118, 167–68, 297

  civil rights and, 123, 429, 353

  Congress and, 113–14

  Cuban missile crisis and, 296–97

  Diem and, 168, 170

  Dillon and, 118

  Great Society, 424

  on JFK-Khrushchev summit, 199

  JFK’s Addison’s disease and, 2, 56–57

  JFK’s civil rights bill and, 427

  JFK’s opinion of, 297

  as JFK’s vice president, 26–27, 245, 297

  Kennedy family feud, 52, 56

  McCarthy hearings and, 45–46

  NASA and, 123–24, 177–79, 180

  presidency of, 424

  presidential ambitions, 16, 51–52

  presidential bid (1956), 47–48

  RFK and, 45, 48, 51–52, 56, 175, 369, 426

  Rusk and, 333

  Sorensen as speechwriter, 425

  succession to presidency, 423–24

  trip to West Berlin, 227

  as vice presidential candidate, 57–58, 102

  Vietnam and, 260, 404, 419

  Vietnam trip and report (1961), 165, 167–70

  Vietnam War and, 427–28

  War on Poverty, 424

  Johnson, Priscilla, 30

  Johnson, U. Alexis, 297–98, 337

  Joint Chiefs, 69–74, 138, 149, 158–59, 162, 166

  Berlin crisis and, 202–3, 224

  Cuban invasion discussed, 363–64

  Cuban military intervention and, 245, 254, 362

  Cuban missile crisis and, 301–3, 311, 315–17, 327, 330–31, 332

  disagreement with negotiated Vietnam outcome, 272

  JFK’s loss of confidence in, 432

  JFK’s opinion of, 332

  nuclear test ban treaty and, 209, 210, 358, 381–82