Hitler

and plans for putsch (November 1939) 540–41, 542–4

  and Polish crisis (1939) 483, 502–3, 504

  and proposed invasion of Britain 567

  takes over from Fritsch as head of army 398, 422

  weakness 647, 663–4

  and winter crisis on Eastern Front (1941–2) 651–2, 655, 662–3

  Braun, Eva: at Obersalzberg 325, 378, 709, 800, 804

  disposal of body 956–8

  H keeps secret xxxvii, 378

  and Heinrich Hoffmann 219, 378

  her rooms in Reich Chancellery and Führer Bunker 376, 901

  as H’s only friend 747

  last days in Führer Bunker 922–3, 926, 929, 934, 942, 946

  marriage to H 947–8

  relationship with H 378, 952

  suicide 932, 934, 954, 955

  Braun, Gretl (later Fegelein) 491, 922, 942

  Braun, Otto 231

  Braunau am Inn 1, 2, 7, 411

  Braunschweig 223, 226

  Braunschweig, Operation 721–6

  Bräutigam, Otto 683–4

  Bredow, Ferdinand von 312, 314

  Breitenbuch, Eberhard von 828

  Breker, Arno 561

  Bremen 278, 728

  Breslau 202, 205, 689, 891, 905, 950

  Brest 704, 863, 864

  Brest-Litovsk Treaty (1918) 152

  Brest-Litowsk 623, 626

  Brigade Epp 107

  Britain: Allied assault on Germany 892

  Anglo-German Naval Agreement (1935) 337–8, 368–9, 486

  and the Anschluß 402, 407, 410

  appeasement 337, 407, 480

  Balkan campaign 608

  Battle of Britain 569–70

  bombing raids on 570, 708

  boycott of German goods 286

  Churchill comes to power 553

  code-breaking 761

  and Czechoslovakia 424, 426–7, 432–3, 439, 442–3, 479–80

  D-Day landings 805–6

  declares war on Germany (September 1939) 510

  declares war on Japan (December 1941) 656–7

  Dunkirk evacuation 557–9

  First World War 57, 58

  and Geneva Disarmament Conference 297–8

  German hatred for 562

  and German proposals for ending war 897–8, 899, 904

  and German rearmament 333–4, 335, 336–8, 350–51

  grant of US destroyers 570–71

  Heß’s mission to Scotland (May 1941) 610–17

  Himmler’s overtures to 860, 899

  H’s hostility to 151, 385

  Jewish emigration to 463

  landing in Italy 769, 771

  naval power 471, 564, 733

  North African campaign 591, 717–18, 727, 730, 731, 736, 761

  obstacle to German expansionism 388, 390

  and Poland 481–4, 486–7, 496–7, 500–505

  potential alliance with Germany 169, 368–9, 385, 403, 421

  proposed invasion of 562–5, 567–71, 592

  rejects H’s ‘peace offer’ (12 October 1939) 517, 539–40, 617

  rocket attacks on 791–2, 873, 881

  Scandinavian campaign 552–3

  Soviet Union as continental ally 642, 645

  support against Russia 151, 153, 154

  and Tripartite Pact (1940) 579–80 see also Royal Air Force; Royal Navy

  British Empire 151, 337, 388, 389, 424, 501, 556, 564, 580, 585 as model for H’s ‘New Order’ 629–30, 631, 633

  British Expeditionary Force 557, 559, 608

  British Secret Service 544–5, 547, 607, 613, 761

  Brittany 861–2, 863–5

  Brjansk 649

  ‘Brown House’, Munich 212, 213, 243, 293, 311, 444, 952

  Brownshirts 202, 303

  Bruckmann, Elsa 115, 116, 176, 187, 220, 376

  Bruckmann, Hugo 115, 176, 187, 376

  Bruckner, Anton 20, 710

  Brückner, Wilhelm 126, 293, 310, 374, 375, 505, 515

  Brûly-de-Pesche 559, 560

  Brüning, Heinrich: appointed Chancellor 199

  banning of SA and SS 228–9

  disillusionment with 223

  dissolves Reichstag 199–200

  emergency decree (1931) 217, 222

  H’s loathing for 208–9

  rejects coalition 208 resignation 229–30, 251

  and SPD 206

  Brussels 866, 873

  Buchanan Castle, Scotland 612

  Bucharest 581

  Buchenwald concentration camp 459

  Büchner, Bruno 177

  Büchner, Frau (Obersalzberg landlady) 116, 177

  Budapest 795, 876, 877–8, 889, 890

  Bug river 499, 517, 521, 797

  Bühler, Josef 697

  Bukovina 584, 595, 619

  Bulgaria 585, 586, 604, 862, 867

  Bund Deutscher Mädel (BDM; German Girls’ League) 413

  Bund Oberland 120, 124, 134

  Bürckel, Josef 413, 578

  Burckhardt, Carl 494–5

  Burg Werfenstein 28

  Burgdorf, Wilhelm 875, 915, 922, 923, 928, 950, 954, 956, 960

  Burgundy 540

  Burma 580

  Busch, Ernst 429, 671, 810–11, 813, 825

  Bussche, Axel Freiherr von dem 827–8

  Busse, Theodor 914–15, 920, 927, 934, 939–40

  Buttmann, Rudolf 164

  BVP (Bavarian People’s Party) 133, 290

  Cairo 408

  Cambrai 59

  Canada: Allied assault on Germany 892

  D-Day landings 805

  Canadian 1st Army 892

  Canaris, Wilhelm: heads Abwehr 418, 535, 825

  house arrest 825

  and H’s Czech policy 418, 433

  and July plotters 846

  and Nazi atrocities in Poland 520

  and opposition to H 542, 544, 825

  capitalism: Feder’s ideas on 73

  ‘Jewish’ 73, 81, 92, 150

  turned into adjunct of the state 270 see also anti-capitalism

  Caputh 233

  car industry 270–72, 633

  Carinhall 924

  Carlyle, Thomas 909, 918

  cartoons 377

  Casablanca Conference (January 1943) 754

  ‘Case Green’ (plan for war with Czechoslovakia) 418, 427–8, 431, 433

  ‘Case Otto’ (plan for annexation of Austria) 409

  ‘Case White’ (plan for war with Poland) 483–4, 502

  ‘Case X’ (plan for war with Russia, Czechoslovakia and Lithuania) 384

  ‘Case Yellow’ (plan for war in the West) 539, 554, 555

  Caspian Sea 722, 725

  Catholic Action 315

  Catholic Church 282, 290, 295, 315, 332, 355, 373, 381, 463, 533

  Catholic Ultramontanism 464

  Catholics and Catholicism: apprehensive about H 261

  in Bavaria 110, 133, 161, 162, 163, 205

  political Catholicism 133, 198, 205, 259, 277, 290, 295

  in Saarland 332

  and sterilization law 295

  Caucasus 590–91, 641, 644, 650, 653, 654, 700, 710, 713, 721–3, 736, 775

  Cavalero, Count Ugo 736

  celibacy 22

  Central Office for Jewish Emigration 464

  Centre Party 86

  Chamberlain, Houston Stewart 91, 115, 145

  Chamberlain, Neville: appointed Prime Minister 402

  Birmingham speech (17 March 1939) 479–80, 481, 501

  declares war on Germany 510

  end of government 553

  and German proposals for ending war 898

  letter to H (22 August 1939) 500–501, 504

  Munich Agreement (1938) 434–46

  and Polish crisis (1939) 480, 482, 500–501

  potential peace terms (1940) 565

  reaction to German invasion of Czechoslovakia 479–80

  rejection of ‘peace offer’ (12 October 1939) 517, 539–40

  Chancellery of the Führer of the NSDA
P 531–2

  ‘charismatic authority’ xxviii–xxix, xxxviii

  Charleville 558

  Chelmno extermination camp 688–9, 693, 715, 965

  Chemnitz-Zwickau 205

  Cherbourg 806, 807, 808, 809, 864, 866

  Chiang Kai-shek 395

  China 370–71, 385

  Choltitz, Dietrich von 866

  Chotin 670

  Christian, Gerda 929, 954, 960

  Christianity 382, 661, 692, 824

  Christie, Malcolm 387

  chrome 867

  Churches: ‘Church Question’ 661

  escalating struggle 328, 355, 372, 381–2, 387, 413

  and euthanasia programmes 530, 531, 533

  fears of violence 341

  internal conflicts 296–7

  Nazi attacks on 349, 449

  and November pogrom (1938) 463

  rights of 282 see also Catholic Church; Protestant Church

  Churchill, (Sir) Winston: at Casablanca Conference (January 1943) 754

  comes to power 553, 559

  destruction of French ships 562

  Dunkirk 559

  and German invasion of France 560, 562

  and Heß affair 611, 617

  H’s attacks on 728

  and H’s Reichstag speech (6 October 1939) 539

  nervous strain 645

  and proposed German invasion 564–5

  and public opinion 908–9

  Scandinavian campaign 553

  seen as warmonger 564, 567, 617, 898

  and United States’ entry into war 656

  witnesses Allied troops cross Rhine 893

  at Yalta Conference (1945) 893, 904

  Chvalkovsky, Franzišek 468, 477

  Ciano, Galeazzo, Count of Cortellazzo and Buccari: and Balkan campaign 603, 604, 607

  and German occupation of France 560

  and H’s talks with Mussolini 581, 710

  and ‘Jewish Question’ 577

  and Magda Goebbels 491

  and Munich Agreement negotiations (1938) 444

  and North African campaign 732, 736

  and Polish crisis (1939) 489

  visits H (1936) 370

  Citadel, Operation 755–6, 762–3, 766–7, 769–70, 771–2, 774–5, 787–9

  civil service: Jews dismissed from 288

  Claß, Heinrich 61, 153, 193

  Clausewitz, Carl von 97

  coal 641, 772

  Cobra, Operation 861–2

  Coburg 109, 193

  cocaine 870, 923

  code-breaking 761

  coffee 650, 713

  Cologne 354–5, 718, 892

  Colombia 453

  colonies 650, 713

  Comines 59

  Comintern 369 Anti-Comintern Pact (1936) 369, 370–71

  ‘Commissar Order’ (June 1941) 601–2, 819

  ‘Committee of Three’ (Dreierausschuß; Keitel, Lammers and Bormann) 750–51, 753

  Communism and Communists: in Bavaria 67, 70, 87, 279

  H’s call for Germany to reject 268

  north German NSDAP sympathies for 168

  and Reichstag fire (1933) 274–6

  repressed in Prussia 273

  in Saar 333

  Soviet 67, 150, 178, 599, 670

  and Spanish Civil War 364

  violence against 302–3, 415 see also anti-Communism;

  Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands

  Community Foundation for the Care of Asylums 534

  Community Patients’ Transport 534

  Compiègne, Forest of 560

  concentration and extermination camps 262, 459, 464, 469, 508, 520, 678, 687–9, 697, 715, 775, 943–4 see also Auschwitz-Birkenau; Belzec; Buchenwald; Chelmno; Dachau; Majdanek; Mauthausen; Ravensbrück; Sachsenhausen; Sobibor; Treblinka

  ‘Confessing Church’ 296

  Conti, Leonardo 532–3

  coronary sclerosis 640, 782, 869, 871

  corruption: in Nazi regime 225, 326–7

  Corsica 581, 732, 772

  Cossack (destroyer) 552

  Cotentin peninsula 805, 806, 808

  Cottbus 923, 927

  Coulondre, Robert 503

  Courland 889, 892

  Courland army 923

  ‘Court of Honour’ 844

  Coventry 570

  Cracow 520, 574, 575–6, 687

  Cramer-Klett, Theodor Freiherr von 161

  Cremona 769

  Crete 608

  Crimea 628, 629, 630, 641, 643, 644, 663, 666, 710, 772, 774, 788, 798

  Croatia 607, 677

  Croydon airport 434

  Crystal Night (9–10 November 1938) 449–50, 454, 457–60, 462–7, 679

  cult of violence 106, 237, 272–4, 279–80, 302–3

  Cvetkovic, Dragiša 603

  Czech army 424, 426, 438, 478

  Czechoslovakia: ‘Case Green’ 418, 427–8, 431, 433

  deportation of Jews 574, 684, 685, 691

  German invasion (1939) 476–80

  and German rearmament 336, 384

  international isolation 423–4, 470

  Lidice massacre (June 1942) 714

  national socialist party 100

  Nazi atrocities following invasion 518

  and proposed German expansion 385–6, 389–91, 414–23, 470, 475

  proposed liquidation of 471, 473–6

  raw materials 418, 474

  Red Army threat to 908

  renamed Czecho-Slovakia 474

  reprisals following assassination of Heydrich 713–14

  Slovak demands for independence 424, 476–7

  Sudeten Germans 154, 417, 419, 420, 424, 426, 431, 432–3, 436, 437, 446

  Sudetenland crisis (1938) 385, 386–7, 419, 424–47, 474, 493, 816

  treaties with France and Soviet Union 423

  the ‘Weekend Crisis’ (May 1938) 426–7

  Czechs: agitation against Czech workers 36

  anti-Czech feeling 40, 419, 473–4

  exiles 713

  D-Day (6 June 1944) 804–6

  Dachau 312 concentration camp 279–80, 312, 459, 547

  DAF (Deutsche Arbeitsfront; German Labour Front) 289, 594, 934, 964

  Dahlerus, Birger 503–5, 506, 509

  Daily Mail 112

  Daimler (car manufacturers) 117–18

  Dakar 582

  Daladier, Éduouard 444, 480, 503–4

  Dalmatian islands 862

  ‘dam-buster’ raids 762

  Dannecker, Theo 595–6

  Danube river 867, 889, 913

  Danzig (Gdansk): Forster declared Head of State 506

  German claims to 475, 483, 486, 492, 493–4, 504

  German occupation 508–9, 516

  German-speaking population 154, 493, 518

  H tours (September 1939) 516, 517

  Soviet advance on 914

  Danzig Question 470–71, 481–2, 486, 493, 507

  Danzig-West Prussia Reichsgau 517, 526

  DAP see German Workers’ Party

  Daranowski, Gerda 478, 515, 625

  Dardanelles 585

  Darlan, Jean François 732

  Darmstadt 914

  Darmstädter Bank 222

  Darré, R. Walther 232, 324

  Davos 455

  Dawes, Charles G. 132

  Dawes Plan 132, 193

  ‘Day of National Labour’ 288

  ‘Day of Potsdam’ 280, 288

  DDP (Deutsche Demokratische Partei; German Democratic Party) see Staatspartei

  Delp, Alfred 824

  democracy: German power élites’ disregard for 198–9, 256, 257

  German public’s disillusionment with 196, 257–8

  H’s attacks on 119, 192

  Weimar Republic 98, 178, 192, 199, 226

  Denmark 552–3, 633, 775, 944, 961

  Depression 196, 198, 222, 257–8, 261, 530

  Dessau 456

  ‘Destructive Measures on Reich Territory’ (decree of 19 March 1945) 912–13


  Deutsche Arbeitsfront (DAF; German Labour Front) 289, 594, 934, 964

  Deutsche Bank 451

  Deutsche Volkliste (German Ethnic List) 527

  Deutsche Volkspartei (DVP; German People’s Party) 197, 199, 240, 289

  Deutsche Werkgemeinschaft 101, 109

  Deutsche Zeitung 105

  Deutscher Kampfbund (German Combat League) 124, 126–7, 133, 137

  Deutscher Tag (‘German Day’): (1922) 109;

  (1923) 123–4

  Deutscher Volkswille (newspaper) 109

  Deutsches Volksblatt (newspaper) 37, 42–3

  Deutschland (battleship) 384, 481

  Deutschlandflug (‘Germany Flight’) 227, 228, 231, 241

  Deutschnationale Front (DNF; German National Front) 289

  Deutschsozialistische Partei (DSP; German-Socialist Party) 81, 100–101, 232

  Deutschvölkische Freiheitspartei (DVFP) 141–2, 165

  dialects 650

  Dickel, Otto 97, 101–2

  Diels, Rudolf 302, 305–6

  Dienstelle Ribbentrop (Ribbentrop Bureau) 370

  diet 22, 25, 160, 212, 380, 625, 720, 781, 850, 871

  Dietrich, Otto 294, 322, 325, 376, 411, 477, 556, 613, 625, 792, 836

  Dietrich, Sepp: Ardennes offensive 881, 883

  failure in Hungary 928, 943

  and H’s leadership style 212, 356, 375

  and Munich Soldiers’ Council 70

  and the ‘Night of the Long Knives’ 309, 310, 311

  retreat 913

  transferred to Eastern Front 889

  Dingfelder, Johannes 85, 86, 87

  Dinter, Artur 144, 164

  ‘Directive No.6 for the Conduct of War’ 539

  ‘Directive No.16 for Preparations of a Landing Operation against England’ 563

  ‘Directive No.17’ (intensifying war against Britain) 569

  ‘Directive No.18’ (invasion of Greece) 604

  ‘Directive No.20’ (occupation of Greek mainland) 604

  ‘Directive No.21’ (war against Soviet Union) 587, 609, 646

  ‘Directive No.33’ (occupation of Moscow) 637, 638

  ‘Directive No.34’ (assault on Leningrad and Moscow) 638, 639

  ‘Directive No.41’ (Operation Blue) 710–11, 721

  ‘Directive No.45’ (Operation Braunschweig) 721, 722

  ‘Directive No.51’ (assault on Western Front) 778

  Ditchley Park, Oxfordshire 611

  Djibouti 581

  DNF (Deutschnationale Front; German National Front) 289

  Dnieper river 591, 641, 650, 770, 772, 774–5, 788

  Dniester (Dnjestr) river 670, 796, 797

  DNVP see German National People’s Party

  Dobbin 953

  dogs 56, 145, 701, 747, 781, 902, 903, 923, 952