Essays on the Greek Romances

  FOOTNOTES

  [1]Translated by George Thornley, revised by J. M. Edmonds, in _Daphnis and Chloe by Longus_ in _The Loeb Classical Library_.

  [2]By Stephen Gaselee, "Appendix on the Greek Novel," in _Daphnis and Chloe_ in _The Loeb Classical Library_, New York, 1916, pp. 410-11.

  [3]R. M. Rattenbury in _New Chapters in the History of Greek Literature, Third Series_, Oxford, 1933, p. 211.

  [4]P. D. Huet, _Traite de l'origine des Romans_, 1671.

  [5]J. Dunlop, _The History of Fiction_, Edinburgh, 1816.

  [6]A. Chassang, _Histoire du roman ... dans l'antiquite grecque et latine_, Paris, 1862.

  [7]V. Chauvin, _Les romanciers grecs et latins_, 1864.

  [8]_Caritone di Afrodisia, Le Avventure di Cherea e Calliroe_, romanzo tradotto da Aristide Calderini, Torino, 1913.

  [9]Her. I. 8-12.

  [10]Her. II. 121.

  [11]Her. IX. 108-13.

  [12]L. Whibley, _A Companion to Greek Studies_, Cambridge, 1916, p. 155. For a discussion of these stories and the novelle see E. H. Haight, _Essays on Ancient Fiction_, New York, 1936.

  [13]Alfred Croiset and Maurice Croiset, _An Abridged History of Greek Literature_, translated by G. F. Heffelbower, New York, 1904, p. 517.

  [14]H. Bornecque, _Les Declamations et les Declamateurs d'apres Seneque le pere_, Lille, 1902, p. 130.

  [15]_Caritone di Afrodisia, Le Avventure di Cherea e Calliroe_, Aristide Calderini, Torino, 1913.

  [16]New York, 1916.

  [17]Oxford, 1933.

  [18]_Op. cit._, pp. 212-13.

  [19]_Op. cit._, p. 385.

  [20]_Op. cit._, pp. 387-93.

  [21]_Ibid._, pp. 397-99.

  [22]_Op. cit._, pp. 219-23.

  [23]_Op. cit._, pp. 223-254.

  [24]See Notes.

  [25]_Pap. Fayum_, London, 1900, I (pp. 74 ff.) and _Pap. Oxyrh._ 1019 (vol. VII. 1910, pp. 143 ff.), both of the early III century, found in 1906 and 1910.

  [26]Preface to _Chariton's Chaereas and Callirhoe_, Ann Arbor and London, 1939. Throughout this chapter I use this translation of Chariton by Warren E. Blake and the Greek text edited by him, _Charitonis Aphrodisiensis, de Chaerea et Callirhoe amatoriarum narrationum libri octo_, Oxford, 1938.

  [27]IV. 4, 7-10; IV. 5, 8; IV. 6, 4; IV. 6, 8 (2 letters); VIII. 4, 2-3; VIII. 4, 5-6.

  [28]III. 2.

  [29]II. 1.

  [30]II. 9.

  [31]V. 5.

  [32]VI. 2.

  [33]I. 1.

  [34]I. 6.

  [35]III. 2.

  [36]VI. 4.

  [37]III. 3.

  [38]VII. 4.

  [39]II. 5.

  [40]IV. 3.

  [41]VIII. 7, 8.

  [42]VII. 1 = _Il._ X. 540.

  [43]VI. 2 = _Il._ I. 317.

  [44]VII. 4 = _Il._ XIII. 131.

  [45]VII. 4 = _Il._ X. 483.

  [46]V. 4 = _Il._ IV. 1.

  [47]II. 9 = _Il._ XXIII. 66-67.

  [48]V. 5 = _Il._ III. 146.

  [49]V. 5 = _Odys._ I. 366. See also IV. 7 = _Odys._ XVII. 37; VI. 4 = _Odys._ VI. 102.

  [50]II. 3 = _Odys._ XVII. 485, 487; IV. 1 = _Il._ XXIII. 71; IV. 1 = _Odys._ XXIV. 83; VI. 4 = _Odys._ XV. 21; VII. 2 = _Il._ XXII. 304-5.

  [51]I. 1 = _Il._ XXI. 114.

  [52]I. 4 = _Il._ XVIII. 23-25.

  [53]III. 5 = _Il._ XXII. 82-83.

  [54]IV. 5 = _Il._ XXI. 114.

  [55]VI. 1 = _Il._ XXIV. 10-11.

  [56]VIII. 1 = _Odys._ XXIII. 296.

  [57]III. 5 = _Il._ XXII. 82-83.

  [58]II. 9 = _Il._ XXIII. 66-67.

  [59]V. 5 = _Il._ III. 146.

  [60]Aristide Calderini, _Caritone di Afrodisia, Le avventure di Cherea e Calliroe_, Torino, 1913, pp. 154-58.

  [61]Calderini, _op. cit._, pp. 159-60; V. 8.

  [62]IV. 4.

  [63]Calderini, _op. cit._, pp. 163-64.

  [64]Xenophon of Ephesus, _Ephesiaca_, V. 1.

  [65]III. 12; IV. 2.

  [66]II. 13, G. Dalmeyda, _Xenophon d'Ephese, Les Ephesiaques_, Paris, 1926, p. 33, n. 1.

  [67]Dalmeyda, _op. cit._, pp. xiii-xiv.

  [68]Dalmeyda, _op. cit._, pp. xii-xv, xxxviii-ix.

  [69]V. 8.

  [70]V. 14.

  [71]Dalmeyda, op. cit., p. xxiii, for example in the love-story of Aegialeus, V. 1, 4, for the climax: {kai apelausomen on heneka synelthomen}.

  [72]Dalmeyda, _op. cit._, pp. xvi-xviii; Calderini, _op. cit._, p. 85.

  [73]I. 8.

  [74]V. 10.

  [75]Dalmeyda, _op. cit._, pp. xxiv-xxv.

  [76]I. 11.

  [77]IV. 2.

  [78]I. 12.

  [79]V. 10-11.

  [80]V. 4.

  [81]II. 13; III. 3.

  [82]III. 11-12.

  [83]IV. 3.

  [84]V. 4.

  [85]V. 13.

  [86]Dalmeyda, _op. cit._, pp. xvi-xviii.

  [87]Calderini, _op. cit._, pp. 120-25.

  [88]Dalmeyda, _op. cit._, pp. xviii-xxiv.

  [89]Calderini, _op. cit._, p. 113.

  [90]See the story of the old Spartan and his mummy, V. 1.

  [91]Dalmeyda, _op. cit._, p. xxvii.

  [92]Dalmeyda, _op. cit._, pp. xxviii-ix.

  [93]I. 2; I. 8.

  [94]I. 6, V. 4; II. 1, II. 12; III. 2, I. 12, V. 11.

  [95]V. 15.

  [96]V. 1.

  [97]I. 14.

  [98]Chariton, III. 5. See Dalmeyda, _op. cit._, p. xxx.

  [99]II. 4. Chariton, V. 10.

  [100]_Iliad_, XXII, 389-90; Dalmeyda, _op. cit._, p. xxix.

  [101]III. 7; Chariton, I. 6; IV. 1.

  [102]V. 8; Chariton, V. 10.

  [103]Dalmeyda, _op. cit._, pp. xxxii-iii.

  [104]For this introduction to Heliodorus I am largely indebted to the edition of _Les Ethiopiques_ edited by R. M. Rattenbury. T. W. Lumb, J. Maillon, Paris, vol. I, 1935; vol. II, 1938. For the _Testimonia_ see _Heliodori Aethiopica_ by Aristides Colonna, Rome, 1938, pp. 361-72.

  [105]R. M. Rattenbury, T. W. Lumb, J. Maillon, _op. cit._, I, ix-xi.

  [106]R. M. Rattenbury, T. W. Lumb, J. Maillon, _op. cit._, I, xiii-xv.

  [107]Aristide Calderini, _Le Avventure di Cherea e Calliroe_, Torino, 1913, pp. 176-77.

  [108]II. 35, translated by the Rev. Rowland Smith, in _The Greek Romances of Heliodorus, Longus, and Achilles Tatius_, London, 1855, pp. 61-62. It is impossible to reproduce in English the Greek's hidden references to the names of Chariclea, Famed-for-her-Grace, and of Theagenes, the Goddess-Born.

  [109]Translated by the Rev. Rowland Smith, _op. cit._, pp. 196-97.

  [110]Calderini, _op. cit._, pp. 118-25.

  [111]R. M. Rattenbury, T. W. Lumb, J. Maillon, _op. cit._, I, lxxxviii-ix.

  [112]Calasiris in II and III; Cnemon in I, II and VI; Achaemenes in VIII; Sisimithres and Charicles in X.

  [113]R. M. Rattenbury, T. W. Lumb, J. Maillon, _op. cit._, II, 87, n. 1.

  [114]IV. 3, _Il._ XXII. 108-897: VII. 4-6, _Il._ III. 88-244 and _Il._ XXII. 136-436; V. 5, _Odys._ XIX. 392-94; VI. 14, _Odys._ XI.

  [115]R. M. Rattenbury, T. W. Lumb, J. Maillon, _op. cit._, I, lxxxix-xcii.

  [116]S. L. Wolff, _The Greek Romances in Elizabethan Prose Fiction_, New York, 1912, pp. 150-52.

  [117]Calderini, _op. cit._, pp. 106-7.

  [118]Arsace is not an historical character.

  "Le personnage feminin d'Arsace semble bien etre de l'invention d'Heliodore, mais il se peut qu'il se soit souvenu, en creant son nom, d'Arsaces, le fondateur de l'empire des Parthes, et des Arsacides, ainsi que d'Arsames, grandpere de Darius (Her. I, 209). D'apres Suidas (s.d. {Theoklytesantes}) Darius avait une fille nommee Arsame."

  R. M. Rattenbury, T. W. Lumb, J. Maillon, _op. cit._, II, 113, n. 1.

  [119]R. M. Rattenbury, T. W. Lumb, J. Maillon, _op. cit._, I, lxxxv-viii.

  [120]R. M. Rattenbury, T
. W. Lumb, J. Maillon, _op. cit._, I, xviii-xx.

  [121]"Heliodore pratique avec une reelle habilete l'art des suspensions et des retours. L'unite du recit n'est jamais compromise."

  R. M. Rattenbury, T. W. Lumb, J. Maillon, _op. cit._, II, 37, n. 3.

  [122]R. M. Rattenbury, T. W. Lumb, J. Maillon, _op. cit._, I, xx-xxi and lxxxv-viii; A. Calderini, _op. cit._, pp. 176-77.

  [123]See _The Cambridge Ancient History_, Cambridge (Eng.), 1934, X, 506-11; 1936, XI, 700-1; Philostratus, _The Life of Apollonius of Tyana_ translated by F. C. Conybeare in _The Loeb Classical Library_, 2 vols. New York, 1912.

  [124]Translated by the Rev. Rowland Smith, _op. cit._, p. 259.

  [125]p. 78.

  [126]III. 12-15.

  [127]V. 22, _Odys._ XIII. 332, XVIII. 66-70, _Il._ XIX. 47-49.

  [128]V. 11, _Odys._ VI. 180; V. 15, _Il._ III. 65; VII. 10, _Il._ VI. 235-36.

  [129]VII. 9, _Il._ XXIV. 3-12; VI. 5, _Il._ I. 106-7; IV. 7, _Il._ XVI. 21.

  [130]J. W. H. Walden, _Stage-terms in Heliodorus's Aethiopica_, in "Harvard Studies in Classical Philology," V (1894), 1-43.

  [131]V. 6, II. 11, I. 3, II. 4 and 23, VI. 12, IX. 5, VI. 14.

  [132]X. 12, VII. 6-8, VIII. 17. Calderini, _op. cit._, pp. 159-63.

  [133]On the style of Heliodorus, see Maillon in R. M. Rattenbury, T. W. Lumb, J. Maillon, _op. cit._, I, xcii-xciii.

  [134]IV. 4. Translated by the Rev. Rowland Smith, _op. cit._, p. 81.

  [135]Aristide Calderini, _Caritone di Afrodisia, Le Avventure di Cherea e Calliroe_, Torino, 1913, p. 191.

  [136]From the introduction to _Achilles Tatius_ with an English translation by S. Gaselee, in _The Loeb Classical Library_. The translations used in this chapter are from this volume.

  [137]GH in Grenfell and Hunt, _Oxyrhynchus Papyri_, X, 135, no. 1250.

  [138]R. T. Rattenbury, _New Chapters in the History of Greek Literature: Third Series_: Oxford, 1933, pp. 254-57.

  [139]F. A. Todd, _Some Ancient Novels_, Oxford, 1940, p. 33; S. Gaselee, _op. cit._, pp. xv-xvi.

  [140]F. A. Todd, _op. cit._, p. 33; S. L. Wolff, _The Greek Romances in Elizabethan Prose Fiction_, New York, 1912, pp. 248-56.

  [141]Pal. Anth. IX. 203.

  [142]J. S. Phillimore, "The Greek Romances," in _English Literature and the Classics_, Oxford, 1912, pp. 108-15.

  [143]J. S. Phillimore, _op. cit._, p. 115.

  [144]S. Gaselee, _op. cit._, p. 455.

  [145]II. 5.

  [146]III. 10.

  [147]VI. 16.

  [148]VII. 5.

  [149]I. 3.

  [150]V. 18-20.

  [151]V. 25-27.

  [152]VIII. 7.

  [153]II. 11-17.

  [154]II. 23.

  [155]IV. 1.

  [156]VII. 12, 14. Compare also the dream in I. 3.

  [157]III. 15; V. 7; VII. 3-5.

  [158]VIII. 4-5, 15-17.

  [159]II. 13, 15-18.

  [160]VIII. 17-18.

  [161]V. 11, 13.

  [162]V. 22.

  [163]V. 14.

  [164]V. 16.

  [165]V. 25-27.

  [166]VI. 9-11.

  [167]V. 17, 22.

  [168]VI. 1-2.

  [169]VIII. 5.

  [170]R. M. Rattenbury, _op. cit._, pp. 256-57.

  [171]III. 14.

  [172]VI. 7.

  [173]VII. 9.

  [174]V. 17.

  [175]VIII. 17-19.

  [176]I. 4.

  [177]I. 9. Compare V. 13.

  [178]I. 16-18.

  [179]II. 35-38.

  [180]I. 8.

  [181]II. 7-8.

  [182]IV. 8.

  [183]I. 10.

  [184]II. 4.

  [185]II. 37.

  [186]V. 5.

  [187]II. 7-8.

  [188]IV. 8-10, 15-17, V. 22, 26.

  [189]VIII. 5-7, 11-14.

  [190]II. 19.

  [191]V. 16.

  [192]VIII. 5.

  [193]VIII. 11-12.

  [194]IV. 1; VII. 12.

  [195]VI. 21.

  [196]VII. 12.

  [197]VII. 12.

  [198]VIII. 1-3.

  [199]VIII. 1-3, 5, 10.

  [200]II. 12; V. 3.

  [201]II. 14.

  [202]II. 2; V. 2; VI. 3-4.

  [203]II. 36.

  [204]I. 8; II. 1, 15, 23, 34.

  [205]I. 8; IV. 4-5.

  [206]I. 12.

  [207]II. 20-22.

  [208]VIII. 9.

  [209]V. 27.

  [210]V. 5.

  [211]II. 2.

  [212]I. 1-2.

  [213]III. 6-8.

  [214]V. 3-5.

  [215]II. 3.

  [216]II. 11.

  [217]II. 19.

  [218]I. 15.

  [219]III. 1-5.

  [220]IV. 11-12; III. 24-25; IV. 2-3, 4, 19.

  [221]S. L. Wolff, _op. cit._, pp. 202-11.

  [222]J. S. Phillimore, _op. cit._, pp. 115-16.

  [223]F. A. Todd, _Some Ancient Novels_, London, 1940, p. 35.

  [224]G. Dalmeyda, _Longus, Pastorales (Daphnis et Chloe)_, Paris, 1934, pp. xxi-xxii.

  [225]Dalmeyda, _op. cit._, p. xxiv, "un des plus grands charmes de son roman est le cadre de nature, et l'intime union du decor et des personnages: dans ce sol plaisant et fertile, les deux heros semblent avoir leurs racines comme de jeunes plantes."

  [226]I. 4-5.

  [227]I. 7.

  [228]II. 23.

  [229]III. 27.

  [230]IV. 34.

  [231]II. 39.

  [232]II. 4-7.

  [233]IV. 36.

  [234]IV. 37.

  [235]IV. 39.

  [236]IV. 3.

  [237]IV. 13.

  [238]IV. 26.

  [239]Dalmeyda, _op. cit._, pp. xxvii-xxxi.

  [240]III. 10.

  [241]I. 14.

  [242]IV. 27.

  [243]I. 18.

  [244]I. 25.

  [245]III. 6.

  [246]IV. 28.

  [247]II. 15-17.

  [248]IV. 3.

  [249]I. 4; II. 23.

  [250]II. 23-24; IV. 39.

  [251]I. 10 and 24.

  [252]I. 30.

  [253]III. 12.

  [254]II. 35-37.

  [255]IV. 15.

  [256]IV. 40.

  [257]III. 21.

  [258]Cp. II. 4 with Bion IV.

  [259]Cp. I. 18 with Moschus I. 27.

  [260]II. 33. See on the bucolic tradition, Dalmeyda, _op. cit._, p. xxiii with n. 4.

  [261]Calderini, _op. cit._, pp. 169-70.

  [262]Theoc. I. 45-56.

  [263]III. 21.

  [264]Theoc. VIII. 53-56.

  [265]Horace is the only other ancient writer who uses the name Chloe, C. I. 23; III. 7, 9, 26.

  [266]I. 17, with Courier's excellent emendation of the ms. {chloes} (for {chloas}) to {poas}, Sappho 2.

  [267]IV. 8, Sappho 94.

  [268]III. 33-34. Sappho 93.

  [269]J. M. Edmonds, _Daphnis and Chloe_ in _The Loeb Classical Library_, p. xi, n. 1.

  [270]Dalmeyda, _op. cit._, pp. xxxiv-v.

  [271]II. 7, Vergil _Ec._ I. 5.

  [272]J. M. Edmonds, _op. cit._, p. ix.

  [273]Calderini, _op. cit._, pp. 145-47.

  [274]Dalmeyda, _op. cit._, pp. xxxviii-xlii.

  [275]I. 13.

  [276]I. 16.

  [277]II. 2.

  [278]III. 20.

  [279]I. 13.

  [280]II. 1-2.

  [281]III. 3.

  [282]IV. 37-39.

  [283]II. 32.

  [284]II. 3-6.

  [285]I. 27.

  [286]II. 34.

  [287]II. 2.

  [288]S. L. Wolff, _op. cit._, p. 162.

  [289]F. A. Todd, _op. cit._, p. 64.

  [290]Paul-Louis Courier, _Les Pastorales de Longus ou Daphnis et Chloe_, traduction de Messire Jacques Amyot revue, corrigee, completee et de nouveau refaite i
n grande partie, Paris, 1925, _Preface_, p. xxii. See also _Bibliographie_.

  [291]Suidas, as quoted in the _Enc. Brit._ XIV. Vol. 14, p. 460.

  [292]Maurice Croiset, _Essai sur la vie et les oeuvres de Lucien_, Paris, 1882.

  [293]Basil L. Gildersleeve, _Essays and Studies_, Baltimore, 1890.

  [294]For a concise tabular classification of Lucian's works, based on Croiset's arrangement, see H. W. Fowler and F. G. Fowler, _The Works of Lucian of Samosata_, 4 vols. Oxford, 1905, I, xiv-xviii. To be specially noted are the influences in definite periods of the rhetoricians, of philosophy, of New Comedy, of Menippus, of Old Comedy.

  [295]Translated by A. M. Harmon, in _Lucian_, in _The Loeb Classical Library_, III, 223, 225.

  [296]Harmon, _op. cit._, III, 231, 233.

  [297]Xenophon, _Memorabilia_, II, 1, 21.

  [298]See M. Croiset, _op. cit._, Chap. II.

  [299]C. 47.

  [300]Horace, _Ep._ I. 1, 14.

  [301]Harmon, _op. cit._, II, 487, 495.

  [302]Harmon, _op. cit._, V, 1.

  [303]Harmon, _op. cit._, V, 47-49.

  [304]M. Croiset, _op. cit._, pp. 140-43, 188-92.

  [305]M. Croiset, _op. cit._, p. 82.

  [306]F. Cumont in the _Memoires couronnees de l'academie de Belgique_, Vol. XL (1887), summarized by Harmon, _op. cit._, IV, 173.

  [307]M. Croiset, _op. cit._, p. 131.

  [308]Gildersleeve, _op. cit._, p. 327.

  [309]Harmon, _op. cit._, III, 411.

  [310]Harmon, _op. cit._, III, 481.

  [311]M. Croiset, _op. cit._, p. 176.

  [312]Teubner text, I (1896), 319-27; H. W. Fowler and F. G. Fowler, _The Works of Lucian_, II, 27-34.

  [313]H. W. Fowler and F. G. Fowler, _op. cit._, II, 29.

  [314]H. W. Fowler and F. G. Fowler, _op. cit._, II, 33.

  [315]M. Croiset, _op. cit._, p. 303.

  [316]H. W. Fowler and F. G. Fowler, _op. cit._, II, 123, C. 27.

  [317]H. W. Fowler and F. G. Fowler, _op. cit._, II, 128-29, CC. 39, 41.

  [318]H. W. Fowler and F. G. Fowler, _op. cit._, II, 133-35, CC. 54-61.

  [319]Gildersleeve, _op. cit._, p. 316.

  [320]See Philip Babcock Gove, _The Imaginary Voyage in Prose Fiction_, New York, 1941.

  [321]A secondary Preface to Book II may be found in _Babble Beforehand: Dionysus_. In it Lucian speaks of a literary novelty he is producing under the influence of Dionysus and Silenus, an old man's lengthy babbling.

  [322]I. 4. The translations of the _True History_ are from A. M. Harmon, _Lucian_, I, 247-357 in _The Loeb Classical Library_.

  [323]I. 13.

  [324]I. 26.

  [325]II. 31.

  [326]II. 47.

  [327]Gildersleeve, _op. cit._, pp. 318-19.

  [328]See E. Rohde, _Der Griechische Roman_, Leipzig, 1914, pp. 204-209; 242-50, 260 ff.; C. S. Jerram, _Luciani Vera Historia_, Oxford, 1887, I, 120 and _passim_; H. W. L. Hime, _Lucian the Syrian Satirist_, London, 1900, app. pp. 91-95; F. W. Householder, Jr., _Literary Quotation and Allusion in Lucian_, New York, 1941.

  [329]F. G. Allinson, _Lucian Satirist and Artist_, Boston, 1926, p. 123.

  [330]I. 29.

  [331]II. 17 and 19.

  [332]I. 20, Thuc. V. 18.

  [333]I. 16, Her. III. 102.

  [334]I. 16, Her. IV. 191.

  [335]I. 23, Her. I. 202; IV. 75.

  [336]I. 29, Her. II. 62.

  [337]I. 40, Her. II. 156.

  [338]II. 2, Her. IV. 28.

  [339]II. 5, Her. III. 113.

  [340]II. 31.

  [341]I. 3.

  [342]II. 20.

  [343]II. 24.

  [344]II. 28.

  [345]II. 22.

  [346]II. 15.

  [347]II. 25-26.

  [348]II. 35-36.

  [349]II. 28, _Odys._ X. 302-306.

  [350]II. 33, _Odys._ XIX. 562-67.

  [351]II. 46, _Odys._ XII. 37-200.

  [352]II. 20.

  [353]See M. Croiset, _op. cit._, C. XII, "La fantaisie chez Lucien"; and F. G. Allinson, _op. cit._, _passim_.

  [354]Andrew Lang, _Letters to Dead Authors_, New York, 1893, pp. 53-54.

  [355]Ben Edwin Perry, _The Metamorphoses Ascribed to Lucius of Patrae_, Princeton, 1920.

  [356]_Bibl. Cod._ 129, Migne.

  [357]B. E. Perry, _op. cit._, pp. 52-55.

  [358]M. Croiset, _op. cit._, p. 48.

  [359]Harmon, _op. cit._, V, 101-207.

  [360]M. Rostovtzeff, _Seminarium Kondakovianum_, II, 135-38, Prague, 1928; _Papyri Greci e Latini_, VIII. No. 981. For a different point of view see F. Zimmermann, "Lukians Toxaris und das Kairener Romanfragment" in _Philologische Wochenschrift_, 55 (1935), 1211-16.

  [361]R. M. Rattenbury, "Romance: the Greek Novel" in _New Chapters in the History of Greek Literature, Third Series_, pp. 240-44.

  [362]M. Rostovtzeff, _Scythien und der Bosporus_, Berlin, 1931, I, 96-99.

  [363]M. Croiset, _op. cit._, p. 51.

  [364]Quis ille? _Met._ I. 1.

  [365]E. H. Haight, _Apuleius and his Influence_, New York, 1927; "The Myth of Cupid and Psyche in Ancient Art" in _Art and Archaeology_, III (1916), 43-52, 87-97; "The Myth of Cupid and Psyche in Renaissance Art," "The Vassar College Psyche Tapestries," in _Art and Archaeology_, XV (1923), 107-116; "Apuleius' Art of Story-Telling" in _Essays on Ancient Fiction_, New York, 1936.

  [366]From E. H. Haight, "Apuleius' Art of Story-Telling," in _Essays on Ancient Fiction_, New York, 1936, p. 152.

  [367]_Met._ XI, 23.

  [368]Hermann Riefstahl, _Der Roman des Apuleius_, Frankfurt am Main, 1938, pp. 83-84.

  [369]Riefstahl, _op. cit._, p. 85.

  [370]For an account of Aristides and the Milesian Tales see L. C. Purser, _The Story of Cupid and Psyche as related by Apuleius_, London, 1910, Excursus I.

  [371]_Apologia_, 55, 56.

  [372]Riefstahl, _op. cit._, pp. 84-85.

  [373]_Met._ XI. 22.

  [374]S. Gaselee, _Apuleius the Golden Ass being the Metamorphoses of Lucius Apuleius_, in _The Loeb Classical Library_, XI. 4.

  [375]For Riefstahl's whole theory of "Apuleius und die griechischen Liebesromane" see _op. cit._, pp. 82-95.

  [376]See the review of Riefstahl's work by H. W. Prescott in _A.J.P._, 61 (1940), pp. 115-17.

  [377]To complete the list of different types of novels, we might add the realistic novel of low life, Petronius' _Satyricon_. Since its affiliations are with the Menippean satire and not with the Greek Romances, I have omitted any study of it here. See E. H. Haight, _Apuleius and his Influence_, pp. 7-8; "Satire and the Latin Novel" in _Essays on Ancient Fiction_, pp. 86-120. For a recent review of the literature about the _Satyricon_ and a brilliant re-interpretation of it see Gilbert Highet "Petronius the Moralist" in _T.P.A.P.A._, LXXII (1941), 176-94.

  [378]M. Rostovtzeff, _A History of the Ancient World, Volume II. Rome_, Oxford, 1927, pp. 239-41. Yet see pp. 181-85 for Rostovtzeff's knowledge of the Greek Romances.