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  Suh, Dae-Sook. Documents of Korean Communism, 1918–1948. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1970.

  ———. Kim Il Sung: The North Korean Leader. New York: Columbia University Press, 1988.

  Suh, Jae-Jung, ed. Origins of North Korea’s Juche. Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books, 2013.

  Szalontai, Balázs. Kim Il Sung in the Khrushchev Era: Soviet-DPRK Relations and the Roots of North Korean Despotism, 1953–1964. Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 2005.

  “These USAF Pilots Flew the MiG.” Air Intelligence Digest, Dec. 1953, 6–11.

  Thompson, Ben, “The Story of No Kum Sok.” Air Intelligence Digest, Sept. 1954, 28–34; Oct. 1954, 36–41; Jan. 1955, 32–36; Feb. 1955, 20–22.

  Trento, Joseph J. The Secret History of the CIA. New York: Carroll & Graf, 2001.

  “12 Minutes to Freedom: The Story Told by the North Korean Pilot Who Flew from Sunan to Seoul.” Air Intelligence Digest, Nov. 1953, 32–37.

  Uchida, Jun. Brokers of Empire: Japanese Settler Colonialism in Korea, 1876–1945. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Asia Center, 2011.

  United Nations. Report of the Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Feb. 7, 2014. http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/CoIDPRK/Pages/ReportoftheCommissionofInquiryDPRK.aspx.

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  INDEX

  The page numbers in this index refer to the printed version of this book. To find the corresponding locations in the text of this digital version, please use the “search” function on your e-reader. Note that not all terms may be searchable.

  Abner, Alan K., 153

  Acheson, Dean, 55

  air war, 66–67, 79, 100–104, 116, 127–33, 142

  final months of, 154–59

  Kim’s requests for Soviet help, 75–76, 94, 136–38

  No’s combat experiences, 9–10, 112–14, 116–17, 121–24, 126–27, 129–31, 136, 140

  Soviet role in, 94, 96–97, 102, 127–29

  training of North Korean pilots, 92–94, 106, 107–10, 123, 141–44

  U.S. attacks outside North Korea, 84, 130–33, 135, 156, 190, 196, 198, 200–201

  U.S. jets and pilots in, 113–16, 133–36, 141–42, 152, 153–54

  weaknesses of North Korean training and equipment, 106, 107–8, 110, 116–17, 123, 129, 206

  See also MiG-15 fighter jet; Operation Moolah; Soviet pilots; U.S. bombing of North Korea; specific locations and targets

  Anderson, Samuel E., 185

  Anshan airfield, xiii, 98

  No at, 92–94, 97, 99, 110, 141–44

  Armstrong, Charles K., 197

  atomic bomb. See nuclear weapons

  Battle Gazette, 86–87, 147, 167

  Bedell, Walter, 194

  Black Tuesday, 100–101

  Blesse, Frederick “Boots,” 135

  Boyd, Albert, 202

  Brigham Young University, 216

  Bristow, Jack H., 201

  Brown, Andy (Arseny Yankovsky), 204–7, 209–10, 214, 215, 216, 230–31

  Buzo, Adrian, 91

  Chae Byung Zae, 176–77, 178

  Chae Kil Yon, 149

  Chaikowski, Tony, 220, 222

  Chandler, Kenneth, 121, 123

  Chin, Larry Wu-Tai, 216

  China

  aid to postwar North Korea, 162, 227

  Chinese civil war, 42, 55, 57, 63, 88

  Chinese spying, 216

  current relations with North Korea, 236

  entry into and role in Korean War, 7, 54–58, 75–76, 80–83

  Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution, 56–57

  intelligence about Inchon landing, 73–74

  Kim’s behavior toward/relations with, 56, 74, 80, 88–89, 90, 111–12

  Minsaengdan incident (1930s), 24–25

  postwar relations with North Korea, 83, 111–12, 162

  relations with Soviet Union, 54–55, 57, 58, 138, 227

  See also Chinese forces; Manchuria; Mao Zedong

  Chinese forces, in Korean War, 7, 54–58

  ground forces, 7, 76, 80–83, 84, 88–89, 102, 104, 138, 151

  MiG pilots, 107–8, 110, 111, 125–26, 131, 142

  Chinese forces, in postwar North Korea, 162

  Chi Sun Ok, 26

  Choe Kyong Dok, 82

  Choe Pyo Dok, 120–21

  Chollima movement, 233

  Cho Man Sik, 34, 35–36

  Chongjin

  No at naval academy, 46–47, 53–54, 59–60, 68–71

  U.S. bombing of, 68–70, 95

  Chosin Reservoir, 89

  Christians and Christian missionaries

  Kim’s Christian background, 17–18

  No Kum Sok’s Christian background, 5, 6, 22, 44

  during Soviet occupation, 5, 30, 39, 41

  Chung Young Tae, 122, 123

  CIA, No and, 203–8, 210–11, 214–18, 220–22, 229, 230–31

  Clark, Mark W., 152–53, 153–54

  Clark, Reid, 216

  Collins, Tom, 104, 105, 106, 202, 209–12

  comfort women (kisaeng), 20–21, 36

  Communism and Communist Party

  criticism and denunciation in, 148

  in Soviet-occupied North Korea, 39–40, 43

  See also Workers’ Party; specific Communist nations and leaders

  Communist Youth League, 40

  Cultural Revolution, 56–57

  Cumings, Bruce, 133

  Dandong
airfield, xiii, 101, 125–26

  No at, 125–27, 130–31, 136, 147–49, 157–58

  Davis, George A., 135

  Dean, William F., 65

  defections, 129, 143–44

  family and friends punished for, 11, 129, 143, 144, 169, 195

  No’s escape, 10–11, 163, 176–83

  No’s mother’s escape, 160–61, 178

  See also Operation Moolah

  Democratic Youth League, 30, 40, 41, 43

  Dildy, Douglas C., 116

  Dongfeng air base, xiii, 108, 155

  Dulles, John Foster, 60, 215

  Edmundson, James V., 67

  Eisenhower, Dwight D., 103, 150, 170, 219, 221

  and No’s MiG, 195, 203

  and Operation Moolah, 11, 193–95, 203, 215, 239

  Everest, Frank, 132–33

  F-86 Sabre, 114–15, 128

  See also air war

  fighter jets, 114–17, 127–28, 143

  See also air war; MiG-15 fighter jet

  forced labor

  in Japanese-controlled Korea, 20–21

  in postwar North Korea, 7, 162, 197, 232–33, 236

  Foreign Broadcast Information Service, 216

  Great Leader. See Kim Il Sung

  Great Leap Forward, 56

  G suits, 116

  Guerra, Cipriano, 181–82, 228

  Gurevich, Mikhail, 114

  Han Hak Soo, 175

  Ho Kai, 118–21

  Holt, Joseph, 221

  “hostile class,” 47, 233

  Hungary and Hungarian Revolution, 226, 227, 230

  Hungnam

  Kim’s 1948 visit and speech, 1, 3–4, 38

  No and his family in, 4, 37–38, 42–44, 93, 158, 228

  Noguchi Corporation and, 5

  U.S. evacuation of refugees (1950), 160–61

  Hunters, The (Salter), 134

  Husted, Wilfred M., 185

  Hymoff, Edward, 153

  Ilyushin IL-10, 143

  Inchon landing, 73–76, 79–80, 170–71

  Jang Song Thaek, 235

  Japan

  Kim as anti-Japanese partisan, 15–17, 19, 24–27, 56, 84, 90

  and Korean War, 58–59

  Korea under the Japanese, 5, 18, 20–21, 23

  and North Korean militarism, 236

  in World War II, 23–24, 37, 73, 95

  Jilin Province, China. See Manchuria

  juche, 212–14

  Kadena Air Force Base, No at, 203–8

  test flights of No’s MiG, 202–3, 209–12

  Khrushchev, Nikita, 48, 80, 90, 150, 223, 224, 226, 227

  Kim, James, 218, 220–22

  Kim Han Jun, 157

  Kim Il Sung

  cult of personality, 50, 145–46, 213, 223–24

  early years and family background, 17–18, 19

  education, 18, 19

  embrace of Stalinism, 50, 117–18, 145–46, 170, 222–23

  health, 33, 234

  and Mao, 57–58, 80, 90, 111, 138, 162, 225

  marriage and family, 33, 51, 90

  No’s assassination thoughts, 99, 127, 183

  and Operation Moolah, 153

  as paternal figure, 26, 50, 92

  personal characteristics, 4, 17, 26, 50, 99, 234–35

  political skills and methods, 7–8, 26, 40, 41–42, 91–92, 117–18, 145–46, 213, 225

  political views and affiliations, 18–19, 25, 117–18, 145–46, 212–13, 222–23

  rumors, stories, and propaganda about, 15, 16–17, 32, 35, 36, 37

  speeches, 1, 3–4, 16, 17, 34–35, 39–40, 91

  Stalin’s early interest in, 2, 32–33

  Stalin’s later opinion of, 119, 145

  timeline, 245–47

  trusted followers, 25–26, 233–34

  —BEFORE KOREAN WAR

  flight to and return from Soviet Union, 27, 31–36

  as partisan leader in Manchuria, 15–17, 19, 24–27, 56, 84, 90

  rise to power, 1–4, 5, 33–37, 48, 118–19

  Sinuiju protest and shootings, 38–42

  Soviet support for invasion of South Korea, 48–53, 54–59, 65–66, 79–80

  —DURING KOREAN WAR, 51, 87, 90

  authorizes execution of defectors’ friends and family, 11, 144

  behavior toward/relations with the Chinese, 74, 80, 88–89, 90, 111–12

  denunciation of Ho Kai, 118–21

  interest in ending war, 136–38, 150

  military strategy and competence, 65–66, 74–75, 79, 87–88, 91–92, 111–12, 117, 139–40

  1952 coup plot and ensuing trials, 146–47, 169–72

  requests for Soviet help, 75–76, 90, 94, 136–38

  Stalin’s death, 150

  Stalin’s retreat order, 82

  —POST–KOREAN WAR, 196–98, 212–14, 223–27

  later years and death, 234–36, 240

  opposition and purges, 146–47, 169–72, 224–25, 226, 232–33

  postwar aid from other Communist countries, 161–63, 183, 198, 214, 222, 227

  reaction to No’s defection, 183–84

  Kim Jong Il (son of Kim Il Sung), 8, 33, 98, 100, 236, 240

  Kim Jong Suk (wife of Kim Il Sung), 33, 51

  Kim Jong Un, 8, 235–36, 240

  Kim Jung Sup, 158

  Kim Lee Joo, 156

  Kimpo Air Force Base, xiii, 141–43, 144–45, 152, 179

  No’s landing and reception at, 178–83, 184–92

  Kim Song Ju. See Kim Il Sung

  Kim Tal Hion, 129

  Ko, Veronica (No Kum Sok’s mother), 130, 144, 156, 238

  before the war, 6, 42, 44

  defection and reunion with No, 160–61, 178, 200, 206–8, 229–30

  Ko Kye Sook (No’s aunt), 159–60, 184

  Korea

  under Japanese rule, 5, 18, 20–21, 23

  partition of, 2

  U.S. interests in, 55–56

  See also Korean War; North Korea; South Korea

  Korean Democratic Youth League. See Democratic Youth League

  Korean People’s Army. See People’s Army

  Korean War (1950–1953)

  American press and public opinion about, 68, 102–3, 133, 152, 199

  armistice, 6, 150–51, 157–59

  armistice talks, 136, 137–38, 144–45, 149–50

  beginning of, 59–60

  China’s entry and role, 7, 54–58, 73–74, 75–76, 80–83

  early ground war, 63–65, 73–76, 89, 133

  early Soviet support for, 48–53, 54–59, 65–66, 79–80

  final months of, 149–54

  Inchon landing, 73–76, 79–80, 170–71

  invasion planning, 4, 59–60, 119, 146

  Kim’s military competence, 65–66, 74–75, 79, 87–88, 91–92, 117

  Kim’s predictions about, 4, 56, 58–59, 64

  North Korean propaganda about, 8–9, 59–60, 71

  Soviet and Chinese interest in prolonging, 137–39, 144, 149

  timeline, 246–47

  U.S. intelligence operations, 186, 188, 204–5

  U.S. interests and entry, 55–56, 58, 59, 64–65

  See also air war; Chinese forces; Soviet pilots; Stalin, Joseph; U.S. bombing of North Korea

  Kozhedub, Ivan N., 94, 102

  Kumgang Political Institute, 147

  Kun Soo Sung, 86–87, 147, 167–68, 184, 239

  labor camps, 7, 162, 232–33, 236

  Lankov, Andrei, 118, 120, 121, 171

  Lebedev, Nikolai, 31, 34

  Lee, Chong-Sik, 146

  Lee Choon Tuk, 149

/>   Lee Kun Il, 160

  Lee Kun Soon, 143–44

  Lee Un Yong, 184

  Lee Whal, 176, 187–88

  Lee Yong Chol, 93

  LeMay, Curtis, 6–7

  Lin Biao, 81

  Li Sang Jo, 223–24

  Lobov, G. A., 103–4

  Lowery, John, 134, 179

  Luce, Clare Boothe, 72

  MacArthur, Douglas, 72–73, 83, 186

  and the air war, 95–96, 100, 132

  Inchon landing, 73–76, 79–80, 170–71

  underestimation of North Korean and Chinese forces, 64, 89

  Wonsan assault, 82

  Mach, Ernst, 210

  Mahurin, Walker “Bud,” 131, 132–33, 136

  Malenkov, Georgy, 183

  Manchester, William, 72

  Manchuria, 18–19, 83–84

  ethnic Koreans in, 18, 24–25, 84

  Kim ordered to retreat to, 82

  Kim’s early years in, 15–17, 19, 24–27, 56, 84, 90

  maps, xii, xiii

  U.S. attacks inside, 130–33, 135, 156, 190, 196, 198, 200–201

  See also specific cities and air bases

  Mao Zedong, 42, 56–57

  and Kim, 57–58, 80, 90, 111, 138, 162, 225

  and Korean War, 54–59, 63, 74, 75–76, 80–83, 88–89

  and Peng Dehuai, 88

  and Stalin, 54–55, 57, 58

  and U.S. presence in Far East, 80, 83

  maps, xii, xiii

  Martin, Joseph, 221

  MiG-15 fighter jet

  characteristics of, 104–6, 110, 114–15, 116–17, 173, 212

  Chinese MiG pilots, 107–8, 110, 111, 125–26, 131, 142

  MiG-15bis, 173

  MiG flight training, 106, 107, 110, 116–17, 126, 206

  North Korean MiGs at Uiju air base, 9–10, 98–100, 111–13, 121–24

  North Korean MiGs moved home after armistice, 157–59, 173, 200, 201

  No’s MiG in U.S. hands, 182, 195, 201–3, 209–12

  No’s MiG training and experiences, 9, 104, 105–6, 109–10, 112–14, 116–17, 126–27, 136, 143, 173

  See also air war; Operation Moolah; Soviet pilots

  MiG Alley air war, 97, 98, 100–101, 103–4, 126, 127–33

  map, xiii

  See also air war

  Mikoyan, Anastas, 226–27

  Mikoyan, Artem, 114

  Milton, T. R., 135

  Minsaengdan incident, 24–25

  Morisato, Shigeo, 189

  Myers, Brian, 213

  National Committee for a Free Asia, 203

  Nehru, Jawaharlal, 67

  Nellis Air Force Base, 134