The Conquering Tide

  37. Turner to Vandegrift, September 28, 1942, quoted in Vandegrift and Asprey, Once a Marine, p. 169.

  38. Merillat, Guadalcanal Remembered, pp. 177–78.

  39. Huie, Can Do!, p. 41.

  40. Harold H. Larsen, interview in Navy Department Bureau of Aeronautics, January 18, 1943, p. 7, in NARA, RG 38, “World War II Oral Histories and Interviews, 1942–1946,” Box 16.

  41. Mears, Carrier Combat, p. 136.

  42. Tregaskis, Guadalcanal Diary, p. 250.

  43. Joseph J. Foss, USMCR, interview in Navy Department, April 28, 1943, in NARA, RG 38, “World War II Oral Histories and Interviews, 1942–1946,” Box 9, p. 11.

  44. Harold H. Larsen, interview in Navy Department Bureau of Aeronautics, January 18, 1943, p. 7, in NARA, RG 38, “World War II Oral Histories and Interviews, 1942–1946,” Box 16.

  45. Ibid., p. 11.

  46. Merillat, Guadalcanal Remembered, p. 180.

  47. Action Report, U.S.S. San Francisco, night action, November 12–13, 1942, p. 60, item 300, in NARA, RG 38, “WWII Action and Operational Reports,” Box 23. This report contains a detailed description of the same shells employed in the October 13–14 night bombardment. Also see Admiral T. Koyanagi, memorandum entitled “The Retreat from Guadalcanal,” dated May 1, 1967, John Toland Papers, Box 3, “Guadalcanal.”

  48. Entry dated October 14, 1942, in Merillat, Guadalcanal Remembered, p. 179.

  49. Mears, Carrier Combat, p. 145.

  50. Huie, Can Do!, p. 46.

  51. Vandegrift and Asprey, Once a Marine, p. 176.

  52. Twining and Carey, No Bended Knee, p. 121.

  53. Vandegrift and Asprey, Once a Marine, p. 176.

  54. Merillat, Guadalcanal Remembered, p. 180.

  55. Huie, Can Do!, p. 46.

  56. Clemens, Alone on Guadalcanal, p. 257.

  57. Mears, Carrier Combat, p. 146.

  58. Twining and Carey, No Bended Knee, p. 157.

  59. Bergerud, Fire in the Sky, p. 82.

  60. Lt. Cmdr. John E. Lawrence’s notes in Halsey and Bryan, Admiral Halsey’s Story, p. 116.

  61. COMSOPAC to CINCPAC, Info COMINCH, 160440, in CINCPAC War Diary, Book 2, p. 950.

  62. John L. McCrea, USNI Oral History Program, 1990, pp. 170–71.

  63. See Col. Brown’s notes in Halsey and Bryan, Admiral Halsey’s Story, p. 111.

  64. Layton, Pineau, and Costello, “And I Was There,” pp. 461–62.

  65. CINCPAC TO COMINCH, 160937, in CINCPAC War Diary, Book 2, p. 895.

  66. COMINCH TO CINCPAC, 160245, in ibid.

  67. Col. Julian Brown’s notes in Halsey and Bryan, Admiral Halsey’s Story, p. 109.

  Chapter Six

  1. Lt. Comdr. Roger Kent quoted in Halsey and Bryan, Admiral Halsey’s Story, p. 116.

  2. Wolfert, Battle for the Solomons, p. 99.

  3. Vandegrift and Asprey, Once a Marine, p. 185.

  4. Ibid.

  5. Hara, Japanese Destroyer Captain, p. 116.

  6. Enterprise Action Report, November 10, 1942, enclosure: Fighting Squadron 10 Report on Flight of October 25, 1942, in NARA, RG 38, “WWII Action and Operational Reports,” Box 21.

  7. Edward L. Feightner, “The Enterprise and Guadalcanal,” in Wooldridge, ed., Carrier Warfare in the Pacific, p. 82.

  8. C.O., Enterprise to CINCPAC (via etc.), November 10, 1942, in NARA, RG 38, “WWII Action and Operational Reports,” Box 21.

  9. Ibid.

  10. “CO, Striking Fleet to CinC, Combined Fleet,” October 27, 1942, item 7, p. 2, Samuel Eliot Morison Papers, Box 25, Folder “CruDiv 8 Combat Report.”

  11. Enterprise Action Report, November 10, 1942, enclosure B: “Comments, Action by the Task Force on October 26, 1942,” by Lt. Cmdr. James H. Flatley, in NARA, RG 38, “WWII Action and Operational Reports,” Box 21.

  12. “CruDiv 8 Combat Report No. 5,” WDC 161270, November, 18, 1942, item 3, Samuel Eliot Morison Papers, Box 25.

  13. VS-8 and VB-8 Reports to CO, U.S.S. Hornet, November 2, 1942, in NARA, RG 38, “WWII Action and Operational Reports,” Box 21.

  14. Author’s interview with Oral L. “Slim” Moore, Berkeley, CA, February 27, 2013.

  15. “CO, Striking Fleet to CinC, Combined Fleet,” October 27, 1942, item 7, p. 2, Samuel Eliot Morison Papers, Box 25, Folder “CruDiv 8 Combat Report.”

  16. Hara, Japanese Destroyer Captain, p. 121.

  17. Hornet Action Report, Hornet CO to CINCPAC, et al., October 30, 1942, in NARA, RG 38, “WWII Action and Operational Reports,” Box 21.

  18. Kernan, Crossing the Line, p. 63.

  19. Interview with Cmdr. F. Monroe, Morison’s Notebook, Pacific XII 1943, p. 2, Samuel Eliot Morison Papers, Coll/606, Box 26.

  20. Hornet Action Report, Executive Officer to CO, October 30, 1942, in NARA, RG 38, “WWII Action and Operational Reports,” Box 21.

  21. Hornet Action Report, Hornet CO to CINCPAC, et al., October 30, 1942, in ibid.

  22. “War Damage Report,” enclosure to Enterprise Action Report, November 10, 1942, in ibid.

  23. Beaver, Sailor from Oklahoma, p. 184.

  24. C.O. Enterprise to CINCPAC (via etc.), (Enterprise Action Report), November 10, 1942, in NARA, RG 38, “WWII Action and Operational Reports,” Box 21.

  25. Francis Foley, “The Hornet and the Santa Cruz Islands,” in Wooldridge, ed., Carrier Warfare in the Pacific, p. 73.

  26. Hornet CO to CINCPAC, et al., October 30, 1942, in NARA, RG 38, “WWII Action and Operational Reports,” Box 21.

  27. Report of Cmdr. E. P. Creehan, enclosure B, Hornet Action Report, October 30, 1942, in ibid.

  28. Report of C. H. Dodson, Communications Officer, Hornet Action Report, October 30, 1942, in ibid.

  29. “CO, Striking Fleet to CinC, Combined Fleet,” October 27, 1942, item 4, Samuel Eliot Morison Papers, Box 25, Folder “CruDiv 8 Combat Report.”

  30. “CruDiv 8 Combat Report No. 5,” WDC 161270, November 18, 1942, item 7, Samuel Eliot Morison Papers, Box 25.

  31. Hara, Japanese Destroyer Captain, p. 125.

  32. Halsey and Bryan, Admiral Halsey’s Story, p. 122.

  33. Clemens, Alone on Guadalcanal, p. 267.

  34. Peattie, Sunburst, p. 184.

  35. Lt. Cmdr. Iyozo Fujita, oral history, in Werneth, ed., Beyond Pearl Harbor, p. 241.

  36. Read, “Report by Lieut. W. J. Read on Coastwatching Activity,” p. 78.

  37. Leahy, I Was There, p. 118.

  38. FDR to Joint Chiefs, October 23, 1942, holograph of memorandum reproduced in Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, pp. 622–23.

  39. Halsey to Nimitz, October 31, 1942, quoted in Lundstrom, First Team and the Guadalcanal Campaign, p. 337.

  40. Cmdr. William J. Kitchell’s notes, in Halsey and Bryan, Admiral Halsey’s Story, p. 123.

  41. Trumbull, “All Out with Halsey!”

  42. Wolfert, Battle for the Solomons, p. 127.

  43. Halsey and Bryan, Admiral Halsey’s Story, p. 123.

  44. C.O., U.S.S. Enterprise, “Action Against Japanese Forces Attempting the Recapture of Guadalcanal, November 13–14, 1942—Report of,” November 19, 1942, in NARA, RG 38, “WWII Action and Operational Reports,” Box 18.

  45. C.O., U.S.S. San Francisco, “Air Attack, November 12, 1942,” report dated November 16, 1942, in NARA, RG 38, “CINCPAC Action and Operational Reports,” Box 19.

  46. Entry dated November 18, 1942, “War Diary,” 1942–44, Papers of Captain Flavius J. George, USNR.

  47. C.O., U.S.S. San Francisco, “Air Attack, November 12, 1942,” report dated November 16, 1942, in NARA, RG 38, “CINCPAC Action and Operational Reports,” Box 19.

  48. Sullivan, “Ship Ahead Just Disappeared.”

  49. Hornfischer, Neptune’s Inferno, p. 254.

  50. “Narrative by L. E. Zook, Signalman First Class, U.S. Navy,” recorded May 27, 1943, in Samuel Eliot Morison Papers, Coll/606, Box 26.

  51. Calhoun, Tin Can Sailor, p. 77.

  52. Action Report, U.S.S. San Francisco, “N
ight Action of November 12–13, 1942,” item 300 in “Chronological Log,” in NARA, RG 38, “CINCPAC Action and Operational Reports,” Box 19.

  53. Entry dated November 18, 1942, “War Diary,” 1942–44, Papers of Captain Flavius J. George, USNR.

  54. Wolfert, Battle for the Solomons, p. 160.

  55. Action Report, U.S.S. San Francisco, “Night Action of November 12–13, 1942,” item 300 in “Chronological Log,” in NARA, RG 38, “CINCPAC Action and Operational Reports,” Box 19.

  56. Entry dated November 18, 1942, “War Diary,” 1942–44, Papers of Captain Flavius J. George, USNR.

  57. Calhoun, Tin Can Sailor, p. 84.

  58. “Narrative by L. E. Zook, Signalman First Class, U.S. Navy,” recorded May 27, 1943, in Samuel Eliot Morison Papers, Coll/606, Box 26.

  59. “Narrative by Lieut. Graham C. Bonnell, US Navy,” recorded January 25, 1944, in NARA, RG 38, “World War II Oral Histories and Interviews, 1942–1946,” Box 1.

  60. Calhoun, Tin Can Sailor, p. 92.

  61. “Narrative by Lieut. Graham C. Bonnell, US Navy,” recorded January 25, 1944, in NARA, RG 38, “World War II Oral Histories and Interviews, 1942–1946,” Box 1.

  62. Cmdr., Torpedo Squadron 10, “Action of November 13–15, 1942,” submitted to the CO, U.S.S. Enterprise, in NARA, RG 38, “WWII Action and Operational Reports,” Box 18.

  63. “Action Against Japanese Forces Attempting the Recapture of Guadalcanal, November 13–14, 1942—Report of,” November 19, 1942, in NARA, RG 38, “WWII Action and Operational Reports,” Box 18.

  64. Buell, Dauntless Helldivers, p. 183.

  65. Edward L. Feightner, “The Enterprise and Guadalcanal,” in Wooldridge, ed., Carrier Warfare in the Pacific, p. 85.

  66. Mears, Carrier Combat, p. 155.

  67. Wolfert, Battle for the Solomons, p. 169.

  68. “Action Against Japanese Forces Attempting the Recapture of Guadalcanal, November 13–14, 1942—Report of,” November 19, 1942, in NARA, RG 38, “WWII Action and Operational Reports,” Box 18.

  69. Thomas C. Kinkaid, CCOH Naval History Project, No. 429, Vol. 1, p. 209.

  70. Paul H. Backus, U.S. Navy (ret.), USNI Oral History Program, 1995, p. 195.

  71. Earl Hicks quoted in Olson, Tales from a Tin Can, p. 102.

  72. Entry dated Monday, November 16, 1942, in Ugaki, Fading Victory, p. 276.

  73. Cmdr., Torpedo Squadron 10, “Action of November 13–15, 1942,” submitted to the CO, U.S.S. Enterprise, in NARA, RG 38, “WWII Action and Operational Reports,” Box 18.

  74. Cmdr., Bombing Squadron 10, “Action of November 14–15, 1942,” submitted to the CO, U.S.S. Enterprise, in ibid.

  Chapter Seven

  1. Masanobu Tsuji, “Guadalcanal,” p. 28, unpublished memoir dated May 31, 1967, John Toland Papers, Series 1: The Rising Sun, Box 17.

  2. Ibid., p. 46.

  3. “Address or Message of Jap Detachment C.O. in Solomons,” Samuel Eliot Morison Papers, Coll/606, Box 26.

  4. “Diary Taken at Kokumbona,” entries dated December 23 and 26, 1942, Samuel Eliot Morison Papers, Coll/606, Box 26.

  5. Lt. Ko-o’s diary excerpted in Masanobu Tsuji, “Guadalcanal,” p. 51, unpublished memoir dated May 31, 1967, John Toland Papers, Series 1: The Rising Sun, Box 17.

  6. Entry dated December 8, 1942, in Ugaki, Fading Victory, p. 301.

  7. Entry dated Monday, November 16, 1942, in ibid., p. 276.

  8. Raizo Tanaka, “The Struggle for Guadalcanal,” in Evans, ed., Japanese Navy in World War II, pp. 198–99.

  9. Ibid., p. 200.

  10. CINCPAC to COMINCH, “Solomon Islands Campaign, Fifth Battle of Savo, 30 November 1942,” in NARA, RG 38, “WWII Action and Operational Reports,” Box 20.

  11. CINCPAC to COMINCH, “Solomon Islands Campaign, Fifth Battle of Savo, 30 November 1942,” in ibid.

  12. Morison, History of United States Naval Operations in World War II, Vol. 5, p. 315.

  13. CINCPAC to COMINCH, “Solomon Islands Campaign, Fifth Battle of Savo, 30 November 1942,” in NARA, RG 38, “WWII Action and Operational Reports,” Box 20.

  14. Raizo Tanaka, “The Struggle for Guadalcanal,” in Evans, ed., Japanese Navy in World War II, p. 204.

  15. Ibid., p. 206.

  16. Hitoshi Imamura, oral history, in Brawley, Dixon, and Trefalt, eds., Competing Voices from the Pacific War, p. 108.

  17. Entry dated December 7, 1942, in Ugaki, Fading Victory, p. 297.

  18. Entry dated December 8, 1942, in ibid., p. 299.

  19. Kokusai Shashin Joho (International Graphic Magazine), Vol. 21, No. 12, December 1, 2602 (1942).

  20. Foreign Minister Tani quoted in Tolischus, Through Japanese Eyes, p. 113.

  21. Tojo speech excerpted in ibid., p. 155.

  22. Entry dated November 4, 1942, in Ugaki, Fading Victory, p. 283.

  23. Hara, Japanese Destroyer Captain, p. 157.

  24. Joichiro Sanada, “Statement Concerning Particulars of Evacuation from Guadalcanal Island,” January 20, 1950, John Toland Papers, Box 3, “Guadalcanal.”

  25. Gen. Kenryo Sato, “Dai Toa War Memoirs,” p. 10, John Toland Papers, Box 16.

  26. Joichiro Sanada, “Statement Concerning Particulars of Evacuation from Guadalcanal Island,” January 20, 1950, John Toland Papers, Box 3, “Guadalcanal.”

  27. Ibid.

  28. Masanobu Tsuji, “Guadalcanal,” p. 57, unpublished memoir dated May 31, 1967, John Toland Papers, Series 1: The Rising Sun, Box 17.

  29. Bix, Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan, p. 461.

  30. Joichiro Sanada, “Statement Concerning Particulars of Evacuation from Guadalcanal Island,” January 20, 1950, John Toland Papers, Box 3, “Guadalcanal.”

  31. Adm. T. Koyanagi, memorandum entitled “The Retreat from Guadalcanal,” dated May 1, 1967, John Toland Papers, Box 3, “Guadalcanal.”

  32. CINCPAC to COMINCH, “Solomon Islands Campaign—Fall of Guadalcanal, period 25 January to 10 February, 1943,” April 17, 1943, in NARA, RG 38, “WWII Action and Operational Reports,” Box 20, item 64, p. 13.

  33. Adm. T. Koyanagi, memorandum entitled “The Retreat from Guadalcanal,” dated May 1, 1967, pp. 6–8. John Toland Papers, Box 3, “Guadalcanal.”

  34. Yahachi Ishida letter (undated) in Gibney, ed., Senso, p. 132.

  35. CINCPAC to COMINCH, “Solomon Islands Campaign—Fall of Guadalcanal, period 25 January to 10 February, 1943,” April 17, 1943, in NARA, RG 38, “WWII Action and Operational Reports,” Box 20, item 64, p. 14.

  36. Adm. T. Koyanagi, memorandum entitled “The Retreat from Guadalcanal,” dated May 1, 1967, p. 6, John Toland Papers, Box 3, “Guadalcanal.”

  37. CINCPAC to COMINCH, “Solomon Islands Campaign—Fall of Guadalcanal, period 25 January to 10 February, 1943,” April 17, 1943, in NARA, RG 38, “WWII Action and Operational Reports,” Box 20, item 81.

  38. Glen C. H. Perry’s notes, December 2, 1942, in Perry, Dear Bart, p. 114.

  39. Agawa, Reluctant Admiral, p. 342.

  40. Twining and Carey, No Bended Knee, p. ix.

  41. Hara, Japanese Destroyer Captain, p. 93.

  42. Nobutake Kondo, “Some Opinions Concerning the War,” in Goldstein and Dillon, eds., Pacific War Papers, p. 313.

  43. “Fire Scroll,” Book of Five Spheres, quoted in Cleary, Japanese Art of War, p. 81.

  44. Raizo Tanaka, “The Struggle for Guadalcanal,” in Evans, ed., Japanese Navy in World War II, p. 209.

  45. Hara, Japanese Destroyer Captain, p. 164.

  46. Buell, Dauntless Helldivers, p. 208.

  47. Vollinger, “World War II Memoirs of John Vollinger.”

  48. Robert Bostwick Carney, CCOH Naval History Project, No. 539, Vol. 1, p. 289.

  49. Pyle, Last Chapter, p. 5.

  50. Potter, Bull Halsey, p. 245.

  51. Ibid., p. 247.

  52. Capt. C. W. Fox, Supply Corps, USN, oral history, p. 10, recorded July 9, 1943, in NARA, RG 38, “World War II Oral Histories and Interviews, 1942–1946,” Box
9.

  53. Halsey and Bryan, Admiral Halsey’s Story, p. 272.

  54. Capt. C. W. Fox, Supply Corps, USN, oral history, p. 10, recorded July 9, 1943, in NARA, RG 38, “World War II Oral Histories and Interviews, 1942–1946,” Box 9.

  55. Entry dated November 4, 1943, in Fahey, Pacific War Diary, p. 71.

  56. “Bull’s-Eye.”

  57. Halsey to Nimitz, October 31, 1942, quoted in Hoyt, How They Won the War in the Pacific, pp. 172–73.

  58. Dower, War Without Mercy, p. 79.

  59. Solberg, Decision and Dissent, p. 37.

  60. Lodge, “Halsey Predicts Victory This Year.”

  61. Fussell, Wartime, p. 117.

  62. Lodge, “Halsey Predicts Victory This Year.”

  63. New Zealand Herald, January 7, 1943, excerpted in Halsey and Bryan, Admiral Halsey’s Story, p. 143.

  64. DeWitt Peck, CCOH Marine Corps Project, No. 701, p. 121.

  65. Capt. Harold Hopkins, RN, to Edwin Hoyt, June 8, 1969, quoted in Hoyt, How They Won the War in the Pacific, p. 169.

  66. Halsey to Nimitz, December 11, 1942, William Frederick Halsey Papers.

  67. Spruance to Nimitz, February 18, 1960, Raymond A. Spruance Papers, MS Collection 12, Box 2, Folder 5.

  68. Robert Bostwick Carney, CCOH Naval History Project, No. 539, Vol. 1, p. 293.

  69. Entry dated November 4, 1943, in Fahey, Pacific War Diary, p. 71.

  70. Halsey and Bryan, Admiral Halsey’s Story, p. 139.

  71. Vandegrift and Asprey, Once a Marine, p. 217.

  72. Halsey and Bryan, Admiral Halsey’s Story, p. 137.

  73. Halsey to Nimitz, January 8, 1943, p. 6, William Frederick Halsey Papers.

  74. Ibid.

  75. Halsey to Nimitz, November 29, 1942, p. 1, William Frederick Halsey Papers.

  76. Halsey and Bryan, Admiral Halsey’s Story, p. 138.

  77. Agawa, Reluctant Admiral, p. 331.

  78. Ibid., p. 336.

  79. Layton, Pineau, and Costello, “And I Was There,”p. 474.

  80. Ibid., p. 475.

  81. Edwin T. Layton, oral history, in Stillwell, Air Raid, Pearl Harbor!, p. 276.

  82. Kenneth A. Boulier account in Russell, ed., No Right to Win, p. 236.

  83. Entry dated April 18, 1944, in Ugaki, Fading Victory, pp. 330, 353.

  84. Entry dated April 18, 1944, in ibid., p. 354.

  85. Ibid., p. 355.