The Conquering Tide

  Portal, Charles, 309, 310–11

  Porter, USS, 154

  Portland, USS, 163

  Port Moresby, New Guinea, 13, 19, 20, 68, 120, 126, 203, 220, 224

  Pownall, Charles A. “Baldy,” 368, 369, 372, 380, 418

  Clark and, 341

  in Kwajalein raid, 377–78

  in refusal to order second strike on Kwajalein, 378–79, 381, 382–83

  relieved of Task Force 50 command, 383

  President Polk, USS, 360–61

  Preston, USS, 169–70

  Prince of Wales, HMS, xxii, 324

  Princeton, USS, 237, 301, 399, 484

  propaganda, Japanese, 114, 116, 180, 187, 196, 443–45, 507–8, 526, 527, 529, 532, 538

  prospective commanding officers (PCOs), 260

  Psalm 23, 3

  Puffer, USS, 453

  Pyle, Ernie, 192, 519

  Quebec Conference (1943), 235

  Quincy, USS, 25, 44, 46, 48

  Quonset huts, 15, 518–19

  Rabaul, New Britain, xxi, xxvi, 9, 13, 16, 20, 29, 33, 38, 40, 53, 59, 62, 76, 78, 98, 99, 100, 101, 121, 122, 156, 157, 179, 181, 182, 202, 205, 222, 224, 311, 340, 368, 401, 408, 412, 419

  Japanese evacuation of, 242

  Japanese morale problems at, 238–39

  U.S. bombing of, 236, 237–38, 240, 420–21

  U.S. bypassing of, 232, 235, 240

  Rabi, 68

  racism, in British Empire, xx

  Radar Plot, 233

  radar systems:

  night attacks and, 412

  U.S. superiority in, 233

  see also fire control systems

  radio packs, 515

  Radio Tokyo, 107, 520

  Rainbow, War Plan, 436

  Raines, James Orvill, 518

  Ralph Talbot, USS, 43, 45, 49, 60, 234

  Ramage, James D., 404, 407, 408, 410, 411, 489, 495

  Ramsey, DeWitt C., 56–57

  Rand, Hazen, 374, 375

  Rau, Pappy, 272

  Raymer, Edward C., 290

  Read, W. J. “Jack,” 30, 37, 38, 39, 99–100, 157

  RECKLESS, Operation, 242

  Red Army, 94–95, 308

  Redman, John R., 198

  Reeves, John W. “Black Jack,” 477

  Reminiscences (MacArthur), 232

  Rendova Island, U.S. landing on, 231

  Republican National Committee, 87

  Republicans, 88

  Repulse, HMS, xxii, 324

  Rhoades, F. Ashton “Snowy,” xxvi, xxvii, xxviii, 183

  Richardson, Robert C., 321, 434, 440

  Riefkohl, Frederick Lois, 48–49, 50

  Ries, Robert E., Jr., 140

  Riley, Herbert D., 305

  Riley, Marion, 82

  Ringgold, USS, 344

  Ring of Fire, xvii–xviii

  Rochefort, Joseph, 75, 203

  Rocky Mount, USS, 465

  Rogal, William, 24–25, 61, 64, 344, 347–48, 353, 354, 508

  Roi-Namur Islands, 378, 389, 390, 393, 397, 398, 400, 401

  airfield at, 381, 382

  landings on, 390–95

  Rommel, Erwin, 97

  Roosevelt, Eleanor, 94, 328

  Roosevelt, Franklin D., 6, 196, 217, 235, 311, 434, 437, 439, 457, 514

  as assistant navy secretary, 91

  and Battle of Savo Island, 56

  chaotic leadership style of, 85–86

  as commander in chief, 90–97

  Ghormley and, 143

  Guadalcanal campaign and, 158–59

  Navy given personal attention by, 91

  Nimitz and, 297

  TORCH and, 97

  wartime critics of, 87–88

  Rosenblatt, Herman, 382

  Rota Island, 461, 462, 470, 474

  ROUNDUP, Operation, 95, 308–9

  Royal Air Force (RAF), xxii

  Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF), xxvi

  Royal Australian Navy (RAN), 20

  coastwatching service of, xxiv–xxv, xxvi, xxvii, 37–38, 66, 99–100, 157

  Royal Hawaiian Hotel, 259, 287

  Royal New Zealand Air Force, 222

  Royal New Zealand Army, 8th Infantry Brigade Group of, 236

  Russell, Jim, 301–2

  Russell Islands, 27, 183, 203

  U.S. forces on, 220–21

  Russo-Japanese War (1904–5), 204, 536

  Ryan, Michael P., 355, 357

  Ryujo, 69, 76–77

  S-38 (U.S. submarine), 41, 42

  Sado Maru, 105

  St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 87

  Saipan, Battle of, 362, 462–65, 500, 530, 532

  civilians in, 506–7, 508–9

  ground campaign in, 470–76, 497–98, 499, 500–503, 515

  landings in, 465–69, 467

  mass civilian suicides in, 534–35

  surrender leaflets in, 509–10

  U.S. casualties in, 466–67, 474–75, 510

  Saipan Island, 412, 437, 438, 449, 456, 458, 459–60, 461–62, 516, 531

  civilians on, 459

  defensive works on, 460

  Japanese troops on, 459–60, 466

  Saito, Yoshitsugu, 449, 459, 460, 466, 467–68, 503–4, 505, 506, 530

  Sakai, Saburo, 115–16, 426, 429, 430–31, 432

  in dogfight with Southerland, 32–33

  Sakonju, Naomasa, 454–55

  Salamaua, New Guinea, 222, 239

  Salt Lake City, USS, 135, 228–29

  Samoa, 11, 190

  Sampson, William, 69

  Samurai (Sakai), 32

  Sanada, Joichiro, 181, 182

  San Bernandino Strait, 456, 469, 471

  San Cristobal, 13, 107, 148, 160

  San Diego, Calif., 287

  San Francisco, Calif.:

  African Americans in, 247–48

  defense industry in, 246–49

  as key supply center for Pacific War, 244

  naval facilities in, 246

  servicemen in, 244–46

  San Francisco, USS, 155, 161, 379, 380

  in Naval Battle of Guadalcanal, 162–65

  San Francisco Bay, 252, 287

  San Juan, USS, 25, 35–36, 43, 154

  Santa Cruz Islands, 13, 16, 22, 76, 107, 133, 146, 190

  Santa Cruz Islands, Battle of the, 59, 148–54, 148, 160, 416, 419

  Santa Isabel, 27, 57, 182

  Saratoga, USS, 17, 20, 22, 30, 31, 37, 59, 60, 76–77, 78, 103, 105, 107, 143, 154, 237, 340, 387, 399

  in Battle of Eastern Solomons, 79–80

  torpedo attack on, 108

  Sato, Kenryo, 181

  Savo Island, 13, 24, 27, 31, 35, 38, 42, 134, 166, 168, 169, 170, 178

  Savo Island, Battle of, 41, 43–51, 47, 56

  Hepburn’s report on, 56–57

  U.S. losses in, 55, 124

  U.S. losses in, Japanese exaggeration of, 67

  Savo Sound, see Ironbottom Sound (Savo Sound)

  SB2C Helldivers, shortcomings of, 304–5, 331, 424–25

  SBD dive-bombers, 304

  Schmidt, Harry, 391, 398, 401

  Schwartz, Harry, 87–88

  Scott, Norman, 134–35, 160

  Seabees, 70, 103, 190, 192, 426, 517, 518

  and Espiritu Santo base, 14–15

  in Guadalcanal campaign, 70, 103, 135, 190

  in Solomons offensive, 221

  Seahorse, USS, 471

  Sealark Channel, 38, 43, 51, 52–53, 161, 165

  Sea of Japan, 284

  Searaven, USS, 410

  2nd Marine Division, 457, 468, 498–99, 508, 510

  in Tarawa campaign, see Tarawa, Battle of

  2nd Marine Regiment, 133–34

  in Guadalcanal campaign, 53

  Second Amphibious Brigade, Japanese, 454

  Second Division, Japanese, 184, 465, 500

  Second Fleet, Japanese, 188, 447, 448, 531

  First Battleship Division of, 450

  Second Infantry Division, Japanese, 184

&n
bsp; Seeadler Harbor, Manus, 242

  Segond Channel, 15, 129

  Selfridge, USS, 234–35

  Senken Butai, 41–42

  Senshin (warrior spirit), 430

  seppuku, 504

  Service Forces, Pacific Fleet (SERVPAC), 333

  Service Squadron Four, 333

  Service Squadron Ten, 385, 387, 398, 516

  708th Provisional Amphibian Tractor Battalion, U.S. Army, 400

  Seventeenth Army, Japanese, 40, 41, 122, 176, 183, 224

  7th Infantry Division, U.S. Army, 229, 390, 444

  in Kwajalein battle, 390, 395–96

  7th Marine Regiment, 107, 109, 133

  Seventh Air Force, U.S., 342

  Seventh Amphibious Force, U.S., 239

  Seventh Army, Japanese, 155

  Seventh Fleet, U.S., 242

  as “MacArthur’s Navy,” 218

  Seventh Sasebo Special Naval Landing Force, Japanese, 345

  77th Infantry Division, U.S. Army, 511, 512

  SG search radars, 168, 177

  see also fire control systems

  Sheeks, Robert B., 466, 509–10

  Sheridan, USS, 338

  Sherman, Forrest P., 314, 325, 383

  Sherman, Frank P., 109, 111

  Sherman, Frederick “Ted” C., 389, 399, 411, 474

  Sherman tanks, 351

  Sherrod, Robert, 344, 349, 351, 354, 358

  Shibasaki, Keiji, in battle for Tarawa, 345–46, 352–53

  Shigemitsu, Mamoru, 536

  Shima, Kiyohide, 531

  Shimada, Shigetaro, 423, 449, 451, 530, 531, 533, 534

  Shinyo, 531

  shipbuilding industry, Kaiser and, 248–49

  Shokaku, 69, 78–79, 82, 147, 149, 150, 155, 419, 423, 473, 485–86

  Shortland Island, xxv, 105, 178, 203, 235

  U.S. air strikes on, 178–79

  Shoup, David M., 352, 357, 358

  in Tarawa battle, 349–50, 354, 356, 359

  “shuttle-bombing” tactics, 451–52, 470

  Singapore, xxii, 447, 448

  Japanese capture of, xxiii

  Sio, New Guinea, 239

  Sixth Division, Japanese, 179

  6th Marine Regiment, 352, 357, 359

  67th Fighter Squadron (USAAF), 102

  SJ radar, 258, 263

  Skate, USS, 413, 452

  Skon, Andy, 374, 375, 376

  SLEDGEHAMMER, Operation, 95–96

  Slonim, Gil, 471

  “Slot, the,” 38, 42, 43, 57, 83, 103–4, 133, 161, 166, 167, 174, 176, 183, 236

  Smith, Harold, 85

  Smith, Holland M. “Howlin’ Mad,” 8, 229, 321, 334, 335, 352, 386, 390, 398, 401, 434, 458, 466, 467, 468, 469, 475, 497, 498, 499, 500, 510, 511

  Army’s methodical pace criticized by, 396

  as Fifth Amphibious Corps commander, 317

  in GALVANIC chain-of-command dispute, 318–19

  Kwajalein landing opposed by, 384–85

  and Makin battle, 361–62

  as passed over for promotion, 433–34

  Tarawa battle criticisms of, 362–63, 365–66, 367

  touchiness of, 317–18

  Turner and, 318, 339–40, 433–34

  Smith, John L., 70, 100

  Smith, Julian C., 320, 322, 352, 354, 357, 359, 360, 362

  in Tarawa battle, 334, 335, 336, 338, 366–67

  Smith, Ralph C., 320, 321, 362, 364, 458, 498, 499, 500

  Smoot, Roland, 23, 24

  Snowden, Ernest, 479

  Soliloquy (Hirohito), 536

  Solomons archipelago, 11, 13, 27, 419, 514

  air reconnaissance of, 62, 76

  British protectorate of, xviii–xx, xxiii

  daily life in, 190–92

  disease and dangerous conditions in, xx

  exotic beauty of, 191

  geology of, xvii–xviii

  headhunting and cannibalism in, xviii

  illegal slave trade in, xviii

  Japanese buildup in, 62

  Japanese counteroffensive in, 147–48

  Japanese I-Go aerial counteroffensive in, 202–3

  Japanese pullback in, 182

  Japanese underestimation of U.S. troops in, 68

  KA-Go offensive in, 68–69, 75–83

  Melanesian inhabitants of, xviii

  white exodus from, xxiii, xxv

  Solomons offensive, 14, 16–17, 190–91, 223–24, 313, 346

  air war in, 222–23, 224–25, 242, 419–21

  ammunition shortages and, 12

  Bougainville landings in, 236, 340

  CARTWHEEL in, see CARTWHEEL, Operation

  chain of command in, 220

  Espiritu Santo as base for, 14–15, 129, 142

  fuel problems and, 12

  Guadalcanal and Tulagi landings in, see Guadalcanal campaign

  Japanese aircraft losses in, 242

  New Georgia campaign in, see New Georgia campaign

  political importance of, 158

  submarine warfare in, see submarine warfare

  Task Force 17 in, 107

  Task Force 18 in, 107–8

  Task Force 61 in, 107–8, 111–12

  Torpedo Junction in, 108, 109–11

  U.S. aircraft strength in, 127

  Sommers, Sam, 482, 495

  Sorong, 454

  Soryu, 9

  South China Sea, 255

  Japanese advances in, 11–12

  South Dakota, USS, 56, 81, 146, 151, 154, 160, 478, 480, 495

  in Naval Battle of Guadalcanal, 168–69, 170–72

  Southeast Asia, Japanese conquests in, 114, 119

  Southerland, James J., 31–32

  in dogfight with Sakai, 32–33

  Southern Amphibious Group, 333

  Southern Attack Force, 395, 511

  Southern Attack Group, 338

  South Pacific, 13

  Allied counteroffensive in, see Solomons offensive

  South Pacific Combat Air Transport Command (SCAT), 190

  South Solomon Trench, xviii

  Soviet Union:

  Allied convoys to, 95

  Nazi Germany and, 11, 94, 96, 308–9, 530

  Special Naval Landing Forces, Japanese, 29, 345, 459

  Sperry, USS, 265

  Spruance, Raymond Ames, 123, 198, 336, 361, 362, 367, 385, 386, 390, 398, 405, 433, 436, 458, 461–62, 463, 469, 471–72, 473, 474, 475–77, 478, 480, 488, 493–94, 497–98, 500, 511, 513, 515, 516, 530

  appointed Fifth Fleet commander, 315, 325

  carrier operations and, 341–42

  central Pacific offensive overseen by, 315–16

  command philosophy of, 316

  as compulsive walker, 316, 336–37

  GALVANIC and, 325

  Gilbert Islands invasion proposed by, 314

  Kwajalein landing opposed by, 384

  Nimitz and, 315

  as Nimitz’s chief of staff, 297, 298–300

  Tarawa campaign and, 339

  Towers’s conflict with, 325

  and Truk raid, 410–11, 413

  “Spruance haircut,” 397

  Stalin, Joseph, 95

  Stalingrad, Battle of, 94, 443

  Stark, Harold “Betty,” 143

  Stassen, Harold, 198

  Stearns, Chester M., 110

  Stebbins, Edgar E., 377, 378

  Sterett, USS, 162, 163

  Sterling, Forest, 260–61, 263, 266, 267, 269, 270, 273

  Stevenson, Robert Louis, 319

  Stimson, Henry L., 5, 91, 96, 434, 439

  English Channel invasion as priority of, 308

  Stingray, USS, 475

  Strategic Bombing Survey, U.S., 67

  Stump, Felix B., 328, 329, 371

  submarines, U.S., Gato-class, 250, 252, 259

  see also Wahoo, USS

  submarine warfare, 63, 233, 416

  bad torpedoes in, 255

  blockade of Japanese home islands in, 284

  in central Pacific offensive, 368?
??69, 402, 413

  crew cohesiveness in, 250–52, 256–57

  “friendly” attacks in, 253

  increased U.S. success in, 452–53

  interwar doctrine of, 252, 254–55, 262, 277

  Japanese inattention to antisubmarine warfare in, 259, 282–83

  King on, 253

  merchant shipping attacks in, 253–54

  more aggressive tactics demanded in, 255, 262, 283

  mounting Japanese shipping losses from, 283–85

  Nimitz and, 255, 257

  prospective commanding officers (PCOs) in, 260

  shore leave and, 259

  sinking of Japanese oil tankers in, 285

  “skipper problem” in, 255, 256, 277

  sonar improvements in, 284

  surface-search radar in, 283, 284

  in Torpedo Junction, 109–11

  U.S. disappointments in, 277–78

  U.S. dominance in, 417

  U.S. losses in, 285–86

  see also specific submarines

  Sugiyama, Hajime, 417, 422–23

  Sulu Archipelago, 405, 449

  Sulu Sea, 447

  Sumatra, oil fields of, 282, 285, 416, 448

  Sutherland, Richard K., 125, 126–27, 216, 217–18, 219, 221, 439, 440

  Suwannee, USS, 327

  Suzuki, Hiroshi, 448

  Sydney, Australia, 211

  Japanese submarine raid on, 114

  Taft, Robert A., 87

  Taiho, 427, 447, 450, 471, 473, 484–85

  Taiyo, 531

  Takahashi, Aiko, 443, 446, 513, 532, 535, 540, 541

  Takanami, 177

  Takasaki, 453

  Takashina, Takeshi, 512

  Takeyama, Michio, 542

  Tales of the South Pacific (Michener), 190–91

  Tanaga Island, 227

  Tanaka, Raizo, 68–69, 76, 77, 105, 133, 135, 155, 156, 167, 172, 174, 189

  “drum method” resupply efforts of, 176–77, 178–79

  Guadalcanal troop convoys of, 68–69, 76–77, 82, 105, 133, 135, 155–56, 167–68, 172–73, 174, 176

  in KA-Go counteroffensive, 82–83

  withdrawal from Guadalcanal urged by, 179

  Tanambogo Island, 25, 53

  Tanapag Harbor, 500, 510–11

  Tanikaze, 453

  Tani, Masayuki, 180

  Tapotchau, Mount, Saipan, 459, 465, 498, 500

  Tarakan, 453

  Tarawa, Battle of, 320, 322–23, 333–37, 338–68, 345, 439, 440, 459, 502

  aircraft carrier in, 356

  air and naval support in, 335–36

  banzai attack in, 359

  burial of dead from, 360

  first day of, 347–53

  Japanese losses in, 360, 367–68

  landing craft in, 334–35

  lessons of, 362–65, 367–68, 400–401

  mopping up operations in, 360

  operations plans for, 334–37

  public response to losses in, 365–66

  resupply operations in, 357, 358

  second day of, 353–59

  third day of, 359–60

  U.S. ammunition and equipment shortages in, 354