Pacific Crucible: War at Sea in the Pacific, 1941-1942

  Ambon, 254

  American Magazine, 45

  American Revolution, 13

  amphibious boats, 382–83

  Anglo-American Combined Chiefs of Staff (CCOS) committee, 191–93, 195

  Anglo-Japanese Alliance of 1902, 83

  Annapolis, U.S. Naval Academy at, xiv–xvi, xxi–xxii, 69, 131

  Admiral King at, 161, 163, 166

  assimilation at, xvi

  Fletcher in, 329

  Halsey at, 201–2

  John Redman at, 310

  Nimitz at, 131–32, 133

  Spruance at, 394

  antiaircraft guns, 52, 54, 248, 338, 406, 445

  on Enterprise, 205, 220, 223

  increased importance of, 58

  Japanese, 212–13, 214, 286, 332–33, 407–8, 422, 430–31, 434, 454, 464

  on Lexington, 153, 265, 325–26, 348, 357–58, 360–61

  and Los Angeles panic, 266

  on Midway, 410

  at Pearl Harbor, 8, 31–33, 36–37, 401

  training for, 126, 401

  on Wake, 142–47, 154

  on Yorktown, 450

  antisubmarine patrols, 355–56

  ANZAC (Australia–New Zealand) cruiser force, 319

  Aoki, Taijiro, 433, 440–41, 458, 460

  Arashi, 427

  Arashio, 464

  Arcadia Conference, 172, 179–96

  Archangel, 187

  Argonne, USS, 32

  Arizona, 138

  Arizona, USS, 10, 18, 19, 31, 36, 39, 126, 135

  Arizona-maru, 238–39, 256, 259

  arms control, 83

  Army, British:

  British Far East command in, 245

  in Libya, 24

  in Singapore, 250, 251

  Army, Japanese, xviii, xxv–xxvi, 35, 90, 115, 301, 316

  airfields captured by, 58

  attempts to overthrow Japanese Diet by, 114

  beatings in, 96–97

  in China, 287, 300

  “Control faction” in, 106

  15th Army of, 264

  First Division coup in, 89–90

  General Staff of, 85

  good behavior of, xxv–xxvi

  Hirohito and, 78

  infantry in, 242, 250

  “Kodo faction” in, 106

  Kwantung, 85

  loss of face by, 299–300

  in Midway operation, 378

  Navy’s rivalry with, 119–20

  qualities of soldiers in, 246–47, 271

  Sei-Go operation of, 300–301

  16th Army of, 261

  “Three-All” policy of, 111–12

  Yamamoto on, 70

  Army, Philippine, 237–42, 299

  Army, Russian, xxvi

  Army, U.S., 28, 131, 186, 202, 247, 299

  Navy friction with, 268

  recruits of, 490–91

  in simulated combat exercises, 7

  Stimson’s ordering into uniform of, 43

  War Plans Division of, 186

  Army Air Force, U.S., 8, 28, 180, 426

  bombers of, 21

  in Japan bombing mission, 284

  and Midway, 386, 472, 476, 477

  naval aviators and, 282–83, 476

  patrol planes of, 21–22

  San Francisco air raid scare and, 43–44

  17th Bombardment Group of, 284

  Army ministry, Japanese, 87

  Army-Navy Game, xxii

  Army Staff College, Japanese, 115

  Arnold, Henry H. “Hap,” 180, 186, 284

  artillery, modern, xxiv

  Asada, Sadao, 69

  Asahi Shinbun, 64, 89–90

  Asashio, 464

  Asia, 39, 61, 80, 82, 108, 140, 176, 189, 190

  Allied troops in, 188

  Britain and U.S. seen as imperialist oppressors of, 64, 82, 107, 110, 122, 272, 274

  British colonies in, 25, 59, 82, 115

  Japanese seizure of territory in, 89

  Japan’s sense of destiny in, 274

  Asiatic Fleet, U.S., xxxii, xxxiv, 53, 132, 182, 190, 235

  U.S., antiquated and decrepit nature of, 262

  Associated Press, 43, 151

  Astoria, USS, 453

  Atlantic Fleet, U.S., Admiral King as commander in chief of, 168, 170

  Atlantic Monthly, xix

  Atlantic Ocean, xxi, xxxiii, xxxvi, 29, 83, 103, 109, 170, 198, 203

  Attlee, Clement, 175

  Attu, Japanese invasion of, 379, 406, 483

  Auckland, 182

  Ault, William B., 341, 354

  Australasia, 182, 267

  Australia, 25, 181, 182–84, 183, 190, 239, 260, 262, 263, 329

  ABDACOM in, 190

  in Allied Pacific strategy, 182, 257, 266

  America’s relationship with, 185–86

  army air patrols from, 329, 370

  importance of Moresby to, 374–75

  Japanese shelling of Sydney in, 483

  Japanese threat to, 201, 229, 235, 311, 315, 318–19

  Japan’s proposed invasion of, 21, 276, 277, 280, 301, 319, 344

  MacArthur’s withdrawal to, 243–44

  naval forces of, 339

  Pacific forces of, 188

  troops from, 250–51, 252, 264

  troops to New Caledonia from, 187

  Tulagi garrison of, 329

  Australian 24th Machine Gun Battalion, 250

  automotive industry, retooling for war purposes of, 195, 488–89

  Axis Powers, 25, 46

  as allies in name, 196

  anti-U.S. propaganda of, 61

  in Middle East, 265, 276

  U.S. in war vs., 59–62

  Bagoc-Orion line, 241

  Bainbridge Island, Wa., radio intercept station on, 309

  Bali, 254

  Balikpapa, 234, 236–37

  Bali Strait, 260

  Baltimore, Md., 394

  Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, 130

  Bancroft, Iris, 24

  Bandoeng, 263

  Bantam Bay, 261

  Barbers Point, 22, 31, 33, 203

  baseball, 107

  Bashi Channel, 295

  Bataan Peninsula, 250

  “Death March” at, 299

  MacArthur’s retreat to, 237–44, 269

  Batavia, 191, 235, 254, 255, 260, 263

  Battle of Midway Roundtable, 481

  battles, decisive, Mahan’s dogma on, xvi, xviii, xix, xxxiv, 117, 118, 262, 275

  battleships, xxi, 137, 163, 377, 459, 485

  California-class, 339

  destruction of, 45

  effect of airplanes and submarines on usefulness of, xxxiv–xxxv, 159–60

  Japanese, 316, 317, 474

  long-distance cruising speed for, xxxiv

  Mahan on, xvi, xvii, xix–xx, xxxiv, 57–58, 102, 159

  Midway offensive as opportunity for, 379–80

  shift from “spit and polish” to gunnery drills aboard, xxiii

  support role of, 57–58

  Warspite-class, 339

  Baukhage, Hilmer, 27

  BBC, 24, 27, 34, 35, 125

  Beach, Edward L., 481

  beam defense maneuver, 428

  Beaver, Floyd, 324, 327, 350, 360

  Beaverbrook, Lord, 190, 192, 194

  Bedell, Henry, 145

  Beijing, see Peking

  Belgium, 133

  Benghazi, 265

  Benham, USS, 453, 471

  Bennett, Leon, 12

  benzedrine, 304

  Berlin, 115

  Bermuda, 198

  Bernstein, George, 292

  Best, Richard Halsey, 220, 426, 432–33, 478

  Biard, Forrest R., 337, 341, 346

  Bismarck archipelago, 182, 264, 268, 277, 329

  Bix, Herbert, 79

  black gang (engineers), 324

  blackouts, 42, 43, 245

  in Hawaii, 147–48

  in Washington, 172

  Blenheim bomber, RAF, 264–65
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  Blitzkrieg, 156

  Bloch, Claude C., 14, 199, 309

  Blue, USS, 205

  Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress bomber, 49, 243

  Army, 238–39, 341, 386, 407–8, 414–15, 455, 464, 465

  bogeys, 220, 375, 442–44

  BOLERO, 267

  bombers:

  Allied, 256

  Enterprise, 209, 229

  Japanese, 58, 200, 245, 248, 254, 316

  Japanese land-based medium, 233

  Japanese naval, 316

  land-based, 374

  U.S., 284, 426

  see also specific bomber types

  Bonin Islands, 82

  Boo, Frank, 371

  Bora Bora, 184

  Borneo, 108, 109, 182, 255

  British and Dutch sharing of, 235

  Japanese invasion of, 236

  oil fields in, 182, 234

  Bougainville Island, 320, 333

  Boys’ Day, 383

  Breese, USS, 150

  Brereton, Lewis H., 239

  Brest, 265

  Brett, James H., Jr., 342

  Brewster Buffalo fighter, 50, 323, 410

  Brinkley, David, 42

  Brisbane, 182

  Bristol Blenheim bomber, 49

  Britain, Battle of, 62

  British Commonwealth forces, 236

  in Singapore and Malaya, 244–48, 250–51

  British Embassy, in U.S., 173

  British Empire, 252, 265

  British Joint Staff Mission, 193

  British Samoa Islands, 205

  Brooke, Sir Alan, 172, 174, 179, 191, 193, 249, 267

  Brooke-Popham, Lady, 248

  Brooke-Popham, Robert, 245–47

  Brooklyn, N.Y., 133, 167

  Brooklyn Navy Yard, 43, 135

  Brown, Cecil, 54–55, 246, 248

  Brown, Wilson, Jr., 150, 153, 155–56, 230

  Browning, Miles R., 207, 477

  Browning automatic rifles, 23, 352

  Brunei, 234

  Buckley, John, 53

  Buckmaster, Elliott, 227, 368, 452, 467, 469–70

  Buddhism, 110

  in China, 64

  Rohatsu and, 63

  Zen, 99, 110–11, 486

  Buddhist View of War, The, 110

  Buell, Harold, 348, 371–72

  Buin, 320

  Buka Island, 320

  Bungo Strait, 405, 484

  Burch, William O, Jr., 330, 332, 343, 352–53

  Burma, 25, 48, 181, 182, 247, 265

  ABDACOM in, 190

  Japanese invasion of, 236, 264

  Burma Road, 112, 264

  burns, 37, 369, 457

  Bushido: The Soul of Japan (Nitobe), xxvi

  Cabinet, Pearl Harbor declaration and, 28–29, 35

  Cadogan, Alexander, 179

  California, 44, 129, 138, 490

  anti-Japanese agitation in, 82

  California (continued)

  invasion fears in, 265–66, 479, 484

  school crisis in, xxiv–xxxi, xxxii, xxxv

  security of, xxxii

  California, USS, 10, 12, 16, 23, 33, 152, 304

  California, University of, at Berkeley, 136

  California-class battleships, 339

  Cam Ranh Bay, 255

  Canada, 179, 267

  Canton Islands, 184

  Cape Horn, xxxi, xxxiii, 103

  Cape York Peninsula, 276

  capitalism, 77, 487

  Capitol, U.S., 26, 44

  Capitol Hill, 124

  Caribbean, xxi

  Carlson, Carl, 18

  Caroline Islands, 82, 202, 306

  carrier air force, Japanese, 445

  carrier planes, 333, 335, 426

  flying formations of, 409

  U.S., 278, 282, 474

  carrier scouts, 334–35

  carrier task forces, 202

  attack on Japan from, 283

  Japanese, 380, 413; see also Kido Butai carrier group

  learning curve for, 318

  U.S., see specific task forces

  cars, rationing of, 195, 488–89

  Casey, Robert, 156, 160, 230, 324

  on Doolittle bombing raid, 286, 288, 296

  at Marshalls, 205–6, 208–9, 224–26

  at Midway, 393, 398, 417–18, 420, 450, 472, 473

  Castor, USS, 33

  Caucasus, 266

  Cavite, U.S. naval base at, 52–53, 235

  CBS, 23, 54, 246, 488

  Celebes, 234

  censorship, military, 44, 147–50, 484

  Central America, xxi

  central Pacific, 268, 280, 308, 312, 384–85, 490

  Ceylon, 254, 265, 322

  cryptanalytic unit in, 310

  Japan’s proposed invasion of, 276, 277

  Chaplin, Charlie, 72, 76

  Chase, William A., 410

  Cheek, Tom F., 285, 288, 318, 429, 434, 435–38, 444–46, 450, 452

  Chekiang (Zhejiang), 300

  Chennault, Claire Lee, 52

  Chequers, 24

  Chesapeake Bay, xiv

  Chester, USS, 218–19

  Chiang Kai-shek, 52, 111, 264, 286, 300

  Chicago, Ill., 24, 135

  Chicago, USS, 329, 340

  Chicago Daily News, 126, 156, 160

  Chicago Tribune, 324, 481

  chief of naval operations (CNO), 135–36, 168, 169, 171

  Chikuma, 408, 442, 454–55

  China, xxvi, 23, 82, 109, 256, 265, 296

  airfields in, 283, 286–87, 298

  civilians and prisoners slaughtered in, 111–12

  Communist guerrillas in, 91, 111

  Japanese army in, 287, 300

  Japan’s war against, 51–52, 63–64, 91, 92, 93–94, 101, 107, 110–14, 117, 122, 250, 274

  Nationalist air force of, 52

  Open Door policy in, 82

  U.S. business interests in, 112

  Western sympathies with, 112

  China Incident, 92, 106

  China Sea, 48, 52

  Chinese, British army discrimination against, 247, 248–49

  Chinese Nationalists, 52, 85, 91, 111

  military aid from Britain and U.S. to, 112, 264, 286

  Chitose, 474

  Chitose Air Group, 230

  cholera, 300

  Chungking, 287

  Churchill, Clementine, 198

  Churchill, Winston, 264

  and fall of Singapore, 249–51, 263

  FDR’s first meeting with, 57, 66, 169, 173

  FDR’s relationship with, 178–79, 193, 196, 266

  Force Z and, 53, 57

  as high-functioning alcoholic, 174, 178

  and invasion of East Indies, 252

  on Pacific Theater, 188

  on Pearl Harbor attack, 24–25, 34

  on unified command, 189–90, 193

  on U.S. production targets, 194

  U.S. troops requested for Northern Ireland by, 187

  visit to Washington of, 171–79, 197–98

  vote of confidence in, 198

  chutai, 100, 445

  Civil War, U.S., xvi, xxii, 28, 34, 133, 164

  Clark, J. J. “Jocko,” 166, 227

  Clark Field, 48–49, 58

  codebreaking, 302–16, 383–92, 479–82

  Collier’s, 45

  Colombia, xxi, xxx

  Colombo, 264

  combat air patrol (CAP), 209, 330, 347, 351, 375, 413, 415, 420, 444, 458, 485

  Combat Intelligence Unit (CIU), Pearl Harbor, see Station Hypo

  Combined Chiefs of Staff, Anglo-American (CCOS), 191–93, 195

  Commander in Chief of the Pacific Fleet (CINCPAC), 20–22, 153, 169, 200, 318, 373, 385, 387, 392–93, 476

  headquarters of, 38–39, 41, 160, 473

  Nimitz’s promotion to, 129

  Pye as caretaker, 152–53

  war diary of, 151, 389

  Commander in Chief of the U.S. Fleet (COMINCH; CINCUS), 169–70, 182, 184, 199, 310,
312, 373, 387, 393

  communications, xiii

  Communists, communism, 61, 81, 87, 107

  Chinese, 91

  concentration, Mahan’s rule of, xvi, xvii–xviii, 262, 321, 380, 486

  Confederate Army, 200

  Confucius, Confucianism, 64, 109, 110

  Congress, U.S., xv, xxi, xxxi, xxxv, 61, 124, 168, 169, 488

  anti-British feelings in, 176–77

  Churchill’s appearance before, 176–77

  criticism about Pearl Harbor in, 45, 127

  declaration of war against Germany and, 59

  Johnson-Reed Immigration Act in, 77

  Roosevelt’s Pearl Harbor speeches to, 27–30, 35–36, 46

  Connecticut, 133

  Connolly, Tom, 30

  Conservative Party, British (Tories), 197

  Cooke, Alistair, 27, 35, 42, 125, 178

  Cooke, Charles M. “Savvy,” Jr., 170

  Coral Sea, 201, 277, 318, 320

  Lexington’s arrival at, 328–29

  Coral Sea, Battle of the, 319–78, 331, 383–85, 387, 392, 398–400, 412–13, 426, 484

  determination of victory in, 371, 374

  intelligence on, 314–16

  Cornwall, HMS, 264

  Coronado airboat, 157

  Corregidor, 239, 242–44, 269

  radio intercept station on, 309, 315

  Cory, James, 10, 16

  Covert, James, 298

  Crace, John C., 319, 328, 338–40

  Crimean War, Charge of the Light Brigade in, 423–24

  Criminal Affairs Bureau, Japanese, Kempei Tai (“Thought Section”) of, 81

  cruisers, xvii, xxi, 39–40, 137, 163, 206, 208, 214, 236, 256, 257, 259, 277, 298, 316, 343, 351, 367, 369, 374, 401, 408, 447, 452, 458, 459, 461, 464, 474

  Crux (Southern Cross), 328

  cryptanalysis, 302–16, 383–92, 479–82

  Cuba, xxi

  Cunningham, Winfield Scott, 141–43, 146, 151–55

  curfew, in Hawaii, 147

  Curtin, John, 185–86, 264

  Curtis, Commander, 472

  Curtiss P-40 Warhawk aircraft, 49, 52

  Curtiss SOC-3 seaplane, 22

  Daiho, 294

  Daily Mirror (London), 252

  dance halls, 108

  Daniels, James, 33

  Darwin, Australia, 254

  Darwin, Charles, 79

  Dauntless, USS, 171

  Dauntless SBD dive-bomber, 204, 211–15, 219–20, 224, 226, 282, 290, 323, 332, 335, 340–43, 346, 347–48, 351–55, 371, 378, 399, 465

  fogging bombsights of, 375

  at Midway, 414, 420–22, 426, 429–30, 434, 436, 438, 442, 453–55, 464, 476, 478

  Davao, U.S. naval base at, 48, 234

  Davis, Charles, 32

  Davis, Elmer, 488

  dead reckoning, 435

  Decatur, Stephen, 158

  DeHaven, Dwight G., 468–69

  democracy, 77

  British, 176

  in Europe, 197

  in Japan, 76

  U.S., 176, 487–88

  Democratic party, xxxvi, 45, 87

  Denmark, 202

  depth charges, 471

  De Ruyter, 256, 257, 259

  DesOpOrd #161, 462

  destroyer escorts, 194, 333, 404