ZeroZeroZero

  liquid, 311, 313, 325, 336

  mafia control of, 115–16, 119, 211, 217, 219, 220, 230, 236, 239, 247, 308

  media coverage of, 60, 163–64, 221, 226, 238

  merchandise used for, 180–81, 310–11, 327–36

  money laundering for, 192–200, 222–26, 236–37, 241–57

  “mules” used for, 202, 315–25, 346

  overland transportation of, 21–22, 44, 52–53, 59, 61, 63, 120, 127

  police operations for, 53, 60, 115–16, 208, 219–36; see also specific operations

  political aspect of, 130, 154–57, 212

  price of, 20, 21–22, 30–33, 118–19, 182, 197–98, 218, 314

  production of, 75–76, 112–14, 125–27, 129, 157, 207–9

  profits from, 44–45, 73–77, 118–19, 123–24, 127, 160, 182–83, 216–17, 292

  purity of, 207–9, 235, 378

  refineries for, 188, 198, 215–16, 227–28

  seizure of, 64–65, 89, 119, 178–82, 192, 197–99, 207, 213, 218, 222, 233–36, 245, 289, 291, 307–9, 325–36, 343–47, 377

  shipments of, 180–81, 222, 230–36, 279–81, 288–311, 318, 329–30

  shooting up and snorting of, 113, 120

  social impact of, 105–11

  statistics on, 207–9, 314–15

  in suitcases, 310, 319–20, 329

  “targets” for, 114–17, 123–24

  trafficking in, 19–21, 34, 37–43, 73–77, 80, 89, 127, 146–52, 160–62, 207–40, 371–78

  tunnels used for, 40, 43, 127

  U.S. market for, 34, 38–39, 51–53, 59, 73–77, 127, 289

  white gold, 378

  Cocaine Cowboys War, 360–61

  cocaine hydrochloride, 75

  cocaine paste, 126

  cocaine sulfate, 75

  cocoa, 333–34

  coca leaves, 75–76, 113–14, 126, 227–28, 304–5

  Colas, Stéphane, 300

  Colombia:

  armed forces of, 155–57, 166

  banking in, 248–49

  cartels in, 20–23, 33, 114, 127–29, 149–66, 186, 218, 255, 286, 293, 302–6, 357–66; see also specific cartels

  cocaine trafficking in, 125–30, 142–49, 174, 291, 294–96

  coca plantations in, 135, 188, 198

  constitution of, 148, 151, 153, 165

  demilitarized zone in, 155–56

  disappearances in, 159–60

  drug enforcement in, 154–66, 188–90

  economy of, 128, 129–30

  elections in, 154, 155–56

  extraditions from, 148, 149, 151, 162–66, 221–22, 285

  government of, 128, 131, 140–41, 151, 154–57, 163, 165, 166

  guerrilla movements in, 132, 137–43, 152–57, 160–62, 176, 188, 189, 190

  human rights violations in, 152–54, 163–64

  informers in, 148–51, 157–66

  Italian operations in, 131, 164, 170, 173–206, 213, 216–18, 222–23, 227–36, 247

  kidnappings in, 143, 154–55, 160–62, 191, 201

  Mexican operations in, 127–28, 129, 131, 152, 157, 158, 186

  murders in, 144, 159–60, 165–66, 186, 191–92

  narco-state of, 131, 132, 155–57, 158

  paramilitary groups in, 136–42, 152–57, 160–66, 176, 184–88, 189, 190, 191–92

  peasants in, 136–42, 152–54, 156

  political situation in, 130, 151, 154–57, 166

  torture in, 140, 160–62, 205

  U.S. relations with, 127, 131, 148–49, 154–66, 189

  violence in, 127, 130, 131, 140, 144, 152–66, 186, 189, 191–92, 205

  see also specific cities and provinces

  Colombiamoda, 159

  Colombo family, 279

  Coluccio family, 185

  communism, 125, 132, 142, 152, 265, 266, 278, 282

  concentration accounts, 256

  Connoisseur (dealer), 117–24

  Conrad, Joseph, 289

  Conté, Ousmane, 321

  Cooperativas de Vigilancia y Seguridad Privada (Special Vigilance and Private Security Services) (CONVIVIR), 141–42

  Córdoba, Colombia, 136, 138, 141, 152

  Coronel Villarreal, Ignacio (Nacho), 41, 53, 67, 363–64

  Correa, Julio César (Julio Fierro), 145–52, 157–62

  Correa Paris, Mariana, 151

  Cosa Nostra, 167–68, 169, 170, 214, 233–34

  Cosío Vidaurri Martínez, Sara Cristina, 31–32

  cosmetic cuts, 118–19

  Costa, Antonio Maria, 247

  Costa Rica, 31–32, 335

  Costilla Sánchez, Jorge Eduardo (El Coss), 60–61

  Counter-Narcotics Group, Italian, 229–30, 234–35, 302

  Counterterrorism Rapid Response units, 302

  coyotes (human traffickers), 289

  Credito Sammarinese Bank, 199

  crematoriums, 160–61

  Cristal Oro beer, 134, 148

  Cruz Álvarez, Juan Alberto de la (El Juanillo), 61

  Cuernavaca, Mexico, 49

  Culiacán, Mexico, 39, 43, 48, 51, 53

  Curaçao, 312, 313–14

  Czech Republic, 272, 275–76, 277

  Da Bruno restaurant massacre (2007), 168, 202

  Dadeland Mall massacre (1979), 360–61

  Daniel and Felipe (Colombian drug traffickers), 183–84, 190

  Dakar, Senegal, 320–21

  Dayton Accords (1995), 154

  Del Ponte, Carla, 255, 257

  De Pascale, Stefano (Lo Spaghetto), 227, 229

  D’Ercole, Antonio, 299

  Dereix Martínez, Martha, 137, 143, 164

  Diano, Adriana, 215

  Digep General Machine Works, 272

  Dimitrova, Blaga, ix

  DNA, 62, 98

  “Doctor Travel,” 305–9

  Domínguez Coello, Alejandro, 99–100

  Donald Duck Snackbar, 312

  Don Arturo (opium grower), 16–20, 28

  dopamine, 36

  Dormicum, 46

  Drogas la Rebaja (Discount Drugs), 130

  drug addiction, 63–64, 113, 117–22, 158

  Drug Enforcement Administration, U.S. (DEA), 24–34, 51–55, 61, 91–92, 148–52, 157–62, 178, 185–86, 198, 222, 223, 239, 245, 255, 280–81, 300, 321, 327, 359, 362

  drug trafficking:

  air transport in, 55, 190–91, 198, 202, 313

  arrests and imprisonment for, 25, 31–34, 40–44, 47, 48, 53–61, 93, 97

  author’s reporting on, 5–15, 78–90, 91, 168, 186–87, 240, 289–90, 310, 312–13, 337–42, 371–78

  banks used by, 129, 222–26, 241, 247–52, 270–71, 274

  bosses in, 5–15, 20–21, 25, 28–29, 34, 39–58, 93, 98–99, 168, 172–75

  bribes and corruption by, 21, 22–23, 48, 60, 127, 221–22

  cartels for, 20–21, 24, 27, 28, 29–31, 33, 34, 41–46, 49, 50–71, 89–90; see also specific cartels

  children used by, 94, 96–97, 115, 127, 313, 352

  competition in, 29–31, 34, 51, 57–60, 103, 125–27

  dealers in, 25, 33, 112–24, 312

  economic impact of, 28–29, 34, 51–52, 125–27

  envy and fear in, 17–18, 28, 42–43, 47, 148, 183, 188, 196

  extortion in, 64, 174, 263–66

  front businesses for, 173–80, 192–93, 196–97

  honor code in, 5–15, 68–69, 96–97, 200–201, 204, 264

  informers in, 5–15, 19–34, 51, 59, 91–96, 131, 148–61, 213, 236

  international operations of, 51–52, 377–78

  kidnappings in, 66, 68, 99, 101, 102, 143, 154–55, 160–62, 169, 212, 267–68
r />   mafia control of, 5–15, 23, 63, 76, 93, 374

  management of, 15, 22, 29–31, 33, 53, 93–94, 125–27

  media coverage of, 24, 34, 46, 53–55, 163–64

  money laundering in, 48, 64, 78, 127, 129, 192–200, 251–57

  paramilitary forces and, 48–49, 62–63, 80–90, 91, 93–96; see also specific forces

  police operations for, 5–15, 19–34, 59, 94, 97, 99–100, 219–36; see also specific operations

  political impact of, 28, 32, 37, 70–71, 100, 154–57

  profits from, 21–22, 44–45, 51–52, 73–77, 118–19, 216–17

  rewards offered for, 50, 92, 97, 99

  risks in, 187, 219, 301, 305–9

  rules of, 8–12, 65–66, 210–11, 261–62, 264, 319–20

  social impact of, 61–64, 68–69, 95, 105–11

  torture used in, 24–34, 45–46, 60, 67–68, 95–102, 140, 160–62, 205

  trafficking methods of, 15–18, 22, 28–33, 39–43, 47, 53, 78–94, 148, 154–57

  violence as result of, 20–21, 40–47, 56, 68–71, 78–90, 91, 92–103

  wars in, 20–21, 34, 42–45, 50–51, 60, 65–69

  women involved in, 129, 133–36, 219–26, 357–66, 367

  zones designated for, 29–31, 42–43, 57–60, 93–94, 125–27

  see also specific drugs and markets, 169

  DuBois, Joe, 91–92

  Dugan, John, 245–46

  Duisburg, Germany, 168, 202

  Durango, Mexico, 25, 367–70

  ecstasy (drug), 51, 283

  Ecuador, 102, 114, 179, 330, 333–34

  Edwards, Lucy, 250–52

  Ejército de Liberación Nacional (National Liberation Army) (ELN), 157

  Ejército Popular de Liberación (Popular Liberation Army) (EPL), 140

  Ejército Revolucionario Popular Antiterrorista de Colombia (Popular Revolutionary Anti-Terrorist Army of Colombia) (ERPAC), 165

  El Aro, Colombia, 153–54

  El Bigotito (clown), 95–96

  El Búfalo plantation, 23–24

  El Cincuenta y siete discothèque, 101

  Eldredge, John, 61

  El Hummer (head of Los Zetas in the Reynosa area), 101

  Elle, 354–55

  El Paso, Tex., 44, 61, 127

  El Salvador, 348–56

  Emilia Romagna, Italy, 195–96, 198, 251–52

  Eola (sniffer dog), 345

  Epaminonda, Angelo, 212

  ephedrine, 119

  Erythroxylum coca, 113–14

  Erythroxylum novogranatense, 113–14

  Escobar, Pablo (El Magico), 21, 22, 28–29, 127–29, 130, 139, 140, 142, 149, 150, 161, 164, 170, 217, 223, 239, 259, 280, 281, 294

  Esparragoza Moreno, Juan José (El Azul), 41–42

  Espinoza Pérez, Juan Napoleón, 354

  Espinoza Ramírez, Juan Diego (El Tigre), 364, 365

  ethanol, 113, 118

  ether, 113, 118

  Eugenio Montale nursery school, 340

  Eural Trans Gas, 287

  Euromaidan, 286

  European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, 314–15

  European Union (EU), 286–87, 302

  Fabergé eggs, 271–72

  Fainberg, Ludwig (Tarzan), 278–82

  Falcone, Giovanni, 151, 192, 255

  Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 28, 41, 59, 80, 91–92, 222, 251, 252, 263, 268–69, 273–74, 276, 279, 284, 306, 351

  Federal Judicial Police, Mexican, 31, 59, 62

  Félix Gallardo, Miguel Ángel (El Padrino), 20, 21–23, 24, 25, 28–31, 32, 34, 39, 40, 57–60, 256, 362–63, 364

  Ferraro, Loredana, 219, 225

  FEZ (Los Zetas special forces), 95–96

  Figueroa, Sandra, 329

  Filiberto Fuduli, 172

  Finance Guard, Italian, 229–30, 234–35, 302, 328, 329, 332, 344–45

  Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Italy, 203

  First Interamericas Bank of Panama, 129

  First San Fernando Massacre (2010), 102–3

  Firtaš, Dmitro, 285, 286–87

  Fish Scales cocaine, 118

  Fiumicino (Rome Airport), 202, 239, 327, 330, 332, 345

  Florence, 344–45

  Flores, Margarito and Pedro, 51

  Florida, 294, 360–61

  Florida Cocaine War, 360–61

  “Flower Deal, The,” 235–36

  Fonseca Carrillo, Ernesto (Don Neto), 20, 24, 31, 32, 39, 44

  Forgione, Francesco, 204

  Fortugno, Francesco, 170–71

  Fox, Vicente, 69–70

  France, 213, 216, 236, 291, 314, 315

  Fratini, Walter, 139–40

  Frispa (mule dog), 346

  Fuduli, Bruno, 171–206, 292

  Fuentes, Daniel, 91–92

  Fuentes Ávila, José Luis, 365

  Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia) (FARC), 33, 141, 142–43, 153–57, 176, 188, 189

  Fuerzas Especiales de Arturo (FEDA), 48–49

  Futur Program, 196

  Gambino family, 279

  García Ábrego, Humberto, 59

  García Ábrego, Juan, 30, 59

  García Márquez, Gabriel, 129

  García Simental, Teodoro (El Teo), 366–67

  Garza Ayala, Víctor, 368

  Gaviria, Alejandro, 248

  Gaviria, Lucia, 135–36, 137, 143–48, 157–60

  Gazprom, 285–86

  Geneva, Switzerland, 255–57

  Genoa, 291, 329, 333

  Genovese family, 276

  Gioia Tauro, Italy, 172, 177, 179, 180, 183, 198, 201, 291, 302, 305, 330, 332, 333, 334

  Gioiosa Jonica, Italy, 170, 173, 174–75, 185, 186, 191, 193, 199, 215

  Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino Club, 168, 193

  Girati group, 340

  global economy, 131–32, 173, 194, 241–42, 246–50, 287

  Glugech, Valeri (Globus), 273

  Godoy, Leonel, 65

  Gofas, Antonios (the Gentleman), 231–32

  Golden Triangle, 25, 38

  gomeros (opium peasants), 16–20, 62

  Gómez, Sergio (El Checo), 59

  Gómez Herrera, Salvador (El Chava), 59–60

  Gómez Martínez, Servando (La Tuta), 64

  Gomorrah (film), 339

  Gorbachev, Mikhail, 29

  Graham, Makeeba, 334

  Granarolo, Italy, 196, 198–99

  Grand Hotel Baglioni, 196

  Gratteri, Nicola, 238

  Great Alliance for Change, 154

  Great Britain, 119, 154, 243–46, 249–50, 314–15

  Greece, 232–33

  Grupo Aeromóvil de Fuerzas Especiales (Special Forces Airmobile Group) (GAFE), 92, 94

  Guadalajara, Mexico, 24–28, 31, 32, 39, 40–41, 45, 50, 67–68, 128, 190

  Guamuchilito, Mexico, 44

  Guardian, 287

  Guatemala, 80–90, 91, 94, 357

  Guildford, England, 328

  Guinea-Bissau, 315–25

  Gulf cartel, 43, 44, 57–63, 91–92, 93, 98, 185, 256, 296, 304

  Gutiérrez Guzmán, Manuel Jesús (Manolo), 306

  Gutiérrez Rebollo, José de Jesús, 45

  Guzmán, Yovanna, 135

  Guzmán Decena, Arturo (El Z1), 92, 97, 98

  Guzmán Loera, Arturo (El Pollo), 43–44

  Guzmán Loera, Joaquín Archivaldo (El Chapo; Shorty), 30, 39–56, 65–66, 67, 98, 306, 357, 369

  Guzmán López, Édgar, 48

  hacienda Campamento, 136–41, 143

  Hacienda Nápoles, 128

  Hamburg, 1
80

  Harding, Luke, 287

  hashish, 237, 296

  HBUS, 253–54

  Heidi (Locatelli’s secretary), 222

  Hello Kitty logo, 303

  Hermes Forensic Solutions, 249

  Hermitage Museum, 271

  Hermosillo, Mexico, 45

  Hernández, Hugo, 102

  heroin, 35, 49, 51, 120, 185, 213–16, 221, 231–32, 273, 279

  Herrera, Hélmer (Pacho), 129

  Hezbollah, 254–55

  Highway 101, 102

  Highway 105, 68

  Historical Clarification Commission, Guatemalan, 84

  Homer, 288–89

  Homies Unidos, 352

  homing pigeons, 112

  Hong Kong, 195, 303

  Hotel Roma, 232

  house arrest, 195–96, 213, 227, 238, 252

  Howell, Kiana, 334

  HSBC, 253–54

  Huánuco coca, 114

  human trafficking, 61, 289

  Hungary, 269–70, 271, 272, 278

  hydrochloric acid, 75, 113, 118

  ideograms, 303–4

  “Igres” investigation, 229–30

  Iliad, The (Homer), 288–89

  Il Papavero clothing store, 215

  inert cuts, 118

  Inkombank, 270–71

  Intercontinental Hotel, 150–51

  International Book Fair (2011), 67–68

  International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, 257

  International Monetary Fund (IMF), 247, 249

  Internet, 43, 49, 54, 67, 93, 94, 103, 162, 182, 236, 237

  INTERPOL, 32, 42, 237, 239, 264

  Interstate 25 (I-25), 61

  Interstate 35 (I-35), 42, 61

  Irish Republican Army (IRA), 154

  Irvine, Calif., 362

  Islamic terrorism, 187, 319

  Israel, 154, 260–61, 268–69, 279, 282

  Italy:

  arrests and imprisonment in, 168, 171–81, 185–206, 213, 216, 298, 300

  banks in, 192–93, 198–99, 251–52

  bribery and corruption in, 221–22

  cocaine market in, 119, 167–206, 210–40, 291, 297–302, 377–78

  Colombian operations in, 131, 164, 170, 173–206, 213, 216, 217–18, 222–23, 227–36, 247

  drug trafficking in, 119, 167–81, 185–206

  economy of, 173, 178, 247–48

  emigration from, 213–14

  extraditions to, 193–94, 221–22, 236

  fugitives in, 174, 238–40

  government of, 168, 170, 204–5

  gross domestic product of (GDP), 168

  harbor facilities of, 177, 178–81, 183, 185, 186, 191, 198, 201, 343–47

  informers in, 151, 171–85, 213

  kidnappings in, 169, 212