Stilwell and the American Experience in China, 1911-45

  CHENNAULT, MAJOR GENERAL CLAIRE LEE, Papers, Hoover Library, Stanford, California (and microfilm copy at Library of Congress).

  HOPKINS, HARRY, Papers, Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, New York.

  HORNBECK, STANLEY K., Papers, Hoover Library, Stanford, California. (Access to this collection, which occupies an entire loft at the Hoover Library, was kindly made available to me by Dr. Kenneth Glazier when the collection was first acquired, before it had been catalogued or inventoried. I have cited the documents according to the heading on the box or file as Mr. Hornbeck left them.)

  JOHNSON, NELSON T., Papers, Library of Congress.

  MCHUGH, COLONEL JAMES, Papers, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. (I am indebted to Miss Rebecca Fox for search of this collection.)

  ORAL HISTORY PROJECT, Columbia University, New York, New York. See under LI TSUNG-JEN and RAVDIN, DR. ISIDOR.

  ROOSEVELT, FRANKLIN D., Papers, Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, New York. Documents are cited as PSF (President’s Secretary’s File), PPF (President’s Personal File) and OF (Official File).

  STIMSON, HENRY L., Papers, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.

  FILMS: National Archives, Film Division; also Army Pictorial Center, Long Island City, New York. (The Signal Corps, which appears to have been everywhere and never missed anything, provides in its motion-picture film a source of unsurpassed historical value.)

  BOOKS, ARTICLES AND INDIVIDUAL MANUSCRIPTS

  ABEND, HALLETT, My Life in China, 1926–41, New York, Harcourt, 1943.

  ALEXANDER, FIELD MARSHAL EARL, “Report” in Wavell, Operations in Burma from 15 December 1941 to 20 May 1942, Supplement to the London Gazette, 5 March 1948.

  ALSOP, JOSEPH, “Why We Lost China,” Saturday Evening Post, 7, 14, 21 January 1950.

  ANDERS, LESLIE, The Ledo Road, Norman, Univ. of Oklahoma Press, 1965.

  ARNOLD, GENERAL H. H., Global Mission, New York, Harper, 1949.

  ARNOLD, RALPH, A Very Quiet War, London, Hart-Davis, 1962.

  BAILEY, THOMAS A., Woodrow Wilson and the Great Betrayal, New York, Macmillan, 1945.

  ———, The Man in the Street: The Impact of American Public Opinion on Foreign Policy, New York, Macmillan, 1948.

  BARRETT, COLONEL DAVID D., “Soldiers of Fortune, unpublished manuscript.

  ———, “The Dixie Mission,” unpublished manuscript.

  BEALE, HOWARD K., Theodore Roosevelt and the Rise of America to World Power, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins, 1956.

  BELDEN, JACK, Retreat with Stilwell, New York, Knopf, 1943.

  ———, Still Time to Die, New York, Harper, 1944.

  BERTRAM, JAMES, First Act in China: The Story of the Sian Mutiny, New York, Viking, 1938.

  BISSON, T. A., Japan in China, New York, Macmillan, 1938.

  BLAND, J. O. P., China: The Pity of It, New York, Doubleday, 1932.

  BLUM, JOHN M., From the Morgenthau Diaries, 3 vols., Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1959–67.

  BOOKER, EDNA LEE, News Is My Job, New York, Macmillan, 1940.

  BORG, DOROTHY, American Policy and the Chinese Revolution, 1925–28, New York, American Council, Institute of Pacific Relations, 1947.

  ———, The United States and the Far Eastern Crisis of 1933–38, Cambridge, Harvard Univ. Press, 1964.

  BROUN, HEYWOOD, The A. E. F., New York, Appleton, 1918.

  BRYANT, SIR ARTHUR, The Turn of the Tide: A History of the War Years Based on the Diaries of Field Marshal Lord Alanbrooke, New York, Doubleday, 1957.

  ———, Triumph in the West (continuation of the above), New York, Doubleday, 1959.

  BUCK, PEARL S., My Several Worlds, New York, John Day, 1954.

  BULLARD, MAJOR GENERAL ROBERT LEE, Personalities and Reminiscences of the War, New York, Doubleday, 1925.

  BURNS, JAMES MACGREGOR, Roosevelt: Soldier of Freedom, New York, Harcourt, 1970.

  BURR, LIEUTENANT COLONEL JOHN C., The Framework of Battle, Philadelphia, Lippincott, 1943.

  CARLSON, COLONEL EVANS FORDYCE, The Chinese Army, New York, American Council, Institute of Pacific Relations, 1940.

  ———, Twin Stars of China, New York, Dodd Mead, 1940.

  CHENNAULT, MAJOR GENERAL CLAIRE LEE, Way of a Fighter, New York, Putnam, 1949.

  CHIANG MONLIN, Tides from the West: A Chinese Autobiography, New Haven, Yale Univ. Press, 1947.

  CHURCHILL, WINSTON, The Second World War, vol. III, The Grand Alliance; vol. IV, The Hinge of Fate; vol. V, Closing the Ring; Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1950–51.

  CLINE, RAY S., Washington Command Post: The Operations Division, Washington, Dept. of the Army, Historical Division, 1951.

  CLUBB, O. EDMUND, Twentieth Century China, New York, Columbia Univ. Press, 1966 (first published 1964).

  COLLIER, BASIL, The Second World War: A Military History in One Volume (the British view), New York, Morrow, 1967.

  COLLIER, LIEUTENANT COLONEL THOMAS WATTS, “The Chinese Language Officer Program of the U.S. Army, 1919–43,” unpublished Ph.D. thesis for Department of History, Duke University, 1966.

  COLLIS, MAURICE, Foreign Mud, London, Faber, 1946.

  ———, Last and First in Burma, 1941–48 (based on Dorman-Smith papers), London, Faber, 1956.

  CROW, CARL, 400 Million Customers, New York, Harper, 1937.

  ———, Foreign Devils in the Flowery Kingdom, New York, Harper, 1940.

  CULLUM, GENERAL GEORGE W., Biographical Register of the Officers and Graduates of the USMA, New York, Harper, 1940.

  DAWSON, RAYMOND, The Chinese Chameleon, London, Oxford Univ. Press, 1967.

  DEANE, JOHN R., The Strange Alliance, New York, Viking, 1947.

  DENNETT, TYLER, Americans in Eastern Asia, New York, Macmillan, 1922.

  DICKMAN, MAJOR GENERAL JOSEPH T. (Commander of the IVth Corps), The Great Crusade: A Narrative of the World War, New York, Appleton, 1927.

  DORN, BRIGADIER GENERAL FRANK, “Walkout,” unpublished manuscript.

  DULLES, FOSTER RHEA, China and America: The Story of Their Relations Since 1784, Princeton Univ. Press, 1946.

  DUPUY, COLONEL R. ERNEST, The Compact History of the United States Army, New York, Hawthorn, 1956.

  EISENHOWER, DWIGHT D., Crusade in Europe, New York, Doubleday, 1948.

  ELDRIDGE, FRED, Wrath in Burma, New York, Doubleday, 1946.

  EPSTEIN, ISRAEL, The Unfinished Revolution in China, Boston, Little, Brown, 1947.

  EVANS, LIEUTENANT GENERAL SIR GEOFFREY, Slim, as Military Commander, London, Batsford, 1969.

  FAIRBANK, JOHN K., The United States and China, Cambridge, Harvard Univ. Press, 1948.

  FAIRBANK, J. K., REISCHAUER, E. O., and CRAIG, A. M., East Asia: The Modern Transformation, Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1965.

  FEIS, HERBERT, The China Tangle, New York, Atheneum, 1965 (first published by Princeton Univ. Press, 1953).

  FERGUSSON, BERNARD, The Black Watch, New York, Crowell, 1950.

  FERRELL, ROBERT H., Frank B. Kellogg and Henry L. Stimson, in American Secretaries of State and Their Diplomacy, vol. XI, New York, Cooper Square, 1963.

  FIFTEENTH INFANTRY, The Fifteenth Infantry Regiment, 1861–1953, n.p., n.d.

  ———, Customs of the Fifteenth Infantry, Peiyang Press, Tientsin-Peiping. (A facsimile reproduction is published by C. E. Dornbusch at Hope Farm Press, Cornwallville, New York, 1959.)

  FINNEY, CHARLES G., The Old China Hands, New York, Doubleday, 1961.

  FLEMING, D. F., The United States and the League of Nations, 1918–20, New York, Putnam, 1932.

  FORMAN, HARRISON, Horizon Hunter, New York, McBride, 1940.

  FRILLMAN, PAUL, and PECK, GRAHAM, China: The Remembered Life, Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1968.

  GILBERT, RODNEY, What’s Wrong with China, London, John Murray, 1926.

  GOETTE, JOHN, Japan Fights for Asia, New York, Harcourt, 1943.

  GREW, JOSEPH C., Ten Years in Japan, New York, Simon & Schuster, 1944.

  GRIFFITH, GENERAL SAMUEL B., The People’s Liberation Army, New Yo
rk, Council on Foreign Relations (McGraw-Hill), 1967.

  GRISWOLD, A. WHITNEY, The Far Eastern Policy of the United States, New York, Harcourt, 1938.

  GUNTHER, JOHN, Inside Asia, New York, Harper, 1939.

  ———, Roosevelt in Retrospect, New York, Harper, 1950.

  HAHN, EMILY, The Soong Sisters, New York, Doubleday, 1943.

  HAN SUYIN, Birdless Summer, New York, Putnam, 1968.

  HARBORD, GENERAL JAMES G., The American Army in France, Boston, Little, Brown, 1936.

  HO YUNGCHI, The Big Circle: China’s Role in the Burma Campaigns, New York, Exposition, 1948.

  HOLCOMBE, ARTHUR N., The Spirit of the Chinese Revolution, New York, Knopf, 1930.

  HOSACK, ROBERT E., “The Shantung Question and the Senate,” South Atlantic Quarterly, April 1944.

  HSUING, S. I., The Life of Chiang Kai-shek, London, Davies, 1948.

  HUBBARD, SAMUEL T. (a neighbor of the Stilwells in Yonkers), Memoirs of a Staff Officer, Tuckahoe, Cardinal Associates, 1959.

  HULL, CORDELL, Memoirs, 2 vols., New York, Macmillan, 1948.

  HUNT, ELVID, History of Fort Leavenworth, General Service Schools Press, Fort Leavenworth, 1926.

  HUNTINGTON, SAMUEL, The Soldier and the State, Cambridge, Harvard Univ. Press, Belknap Press, 1957.

  INFANTRY SCHOOL, FORT BENNING, GEORGIA, Mailing List, vols. I–VIII, 1930–34, semiannual.

  IRIYE, AKIRA, Across the Pacific, New York, Harcourt, 1967.

  ISAACS, HAROLD R., The Tragedy of the Chinese Revolution, Stanford Univ. Press, 1938, rev. ed. 1951.

  ———, No Peace for Asia, Cambridge, M.I.T. Press, 1967 (first published 1947).

  ———, Scratches on our Minds: American Images of China and India, New York, John Day, 1958.

  JANOWITZ, MORRIS, The Professional Soldier, Glencoe, Free Press, 1960.

  JAPAN, Operations of the Japanese Forces in Burma, documents submitted by HQ Japanese Burma Area Army to HQ (British) Twelfth Army, Rangoon, issued by HQ Twelfth Army, November 1945.

  JOHNSON, CHALMERS, Peasant Nationalism and Communist Power, Stanford Univ. Press, 1962.

  KATES, GEORGE N., The Years That Were Fat: Peking, 1933–40, New York, Harper, 1952.

  KING, ERNEST J., and WHITEHILL, WALTER MUIR, Fleet Admiral King, New York, Norton, 1952.

  KIRBY, MAJOR GENERAL S. WOODBURN, The War Against Japan, 4 vols. (UK Military Series, History of the Second World War), London, HMSO, 1957–65.

  KLEEMAN, RITA HALLE, Gracious Lady (Sara Delano Roosevelt), New York, Appleton, 1932.

  KOLKO, GABRIEL, The Politics of War, New York, Random, 1968.

  LANGER, WILLIAM L., and GLEASON, EVERETT, The Challenge to Isolation, 1937–40, New York, Harper, 1952.

  ———, The Undeclared War, 1940–41, New York, Harper, 1953.

  LEAHY, FLEET ADMIRAL WILLIAM D., I Was There, New York, Whittlesey, 1950.

  LEONARD, ROYAL, I Flew for China: Chiang Kai-shek’s Personal Pilot, New York, Doubleday, 1942.

  LI TSUNG-JEN, Reminiscences, Chinese Oral History Project, East Asian Institute, Columbia university.

  LIGGETT, MAJOR GENERAL HUNTER, A. E. F. Ten Years Ago in France, New York, Dodd Mead, 1928.

  LINEBARGER, PAUL, M. A., The China of Chiang Kai-shek, Boston, World Peace Foundation, 1941.

  LIU, F. F., A Military History of Modern China, Princeton Univ. Press, 1956.

  LOHBECK, DON, Patrick J. Hurley, Chicago, Regnery, 1956.

  MACARTHUR, DOUGLAS, Reminiscences, New York, McGraw-Hill, 1964.

  MAGRUDER, GENERAL JOHN, “The Chinese as a Fighting Man,” Foreign Affairs, April 1931.

  MALRAUX, ANDRÉ, Man’s Fate (La Condition Humaine), New York, Smith & Haas, 1934.

  MARSHALL, GEORGE C., The War Reports of Marshall, Arnold and King, Philadelphia, Lippincott, 1947.

  MARSHALL, KATHERINE TUPPER, Together: Annals of an Army Wife, New York, Tupper & Love, 1946.

  MATLOFF, MAURICE, and SNELL, EDWIN, Strategic Planning for Coalition Warfare, 1941–42, Washington, Dept. of the Army, Historical Division, 1953.

  MATLOFF, MAURICE, Strategic Planning for Coalition Warfare, 1943–44, Washington, Dept. of the Army, Historical Division, 1959.

  MAY, ERNEST, ed., Ultimate Decision: The President as Commander in Chief (“FDR” by William Emerson), New York, Braziller, 1960.

  MCINTIRE, VICE ADMIRAL ROSS T., White House Physician, New York, Putnam, 1946.

  MILES, VICE ADMIRAL MILTON E., A Different Kind of War, New York, Doubleday, 1967.

  MOLEY, RAYMOND, After Seven Years, New York, Harper, 1939.

  MORGENTHAU, HENRY, JR., Morgenthau Diary, China, 2 vols., U.S. Senate, 89th Congress, 1st Session, Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Laws, Washington, GPO, 1965. (The Subcommittee’s staff, on the hunt for subversion, extracted and published in this compilation all the references to China in the Morgenthau Diaries, providing in the process a documentary source of unique and inestimable value.)

  MORISON, ELTING E., Turmoil and Tradition: The Life and Times of Henry L. Stimson, Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1960.

  MORSE, H. B., and MACNAIR, H. F., Far Eastern International Relations, Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1931.

  MORTON, LOUIS, Strategy and Command: The First Two Years, Washington, Dept. of the Army, Historical Division, 1962.

  MOTT, COLONEL T. BENTLEY, Twenty Years as a Military Attaché, Oxford Univ. Press, 1937.

  MOUNTBATTEN OF BURMA, VICE ADMIRAL THE EARL, Report to the Combined Chiefs of Staff by the Supreme Allied Commander, South East Asia, 1943–45, London, Houghton Mifflin, 1951.

  NEVINS, ALLAN, The United States in a Chaotic World, 1918–33, New Haven, Yale Univ. Press, 1950.

  NIXON, EDGAR B., Franklin D. Roosevelt and Foreign Affairs (documents from the Hyde Park Library), 3 vols., Cambridge, Harvard Univ. Press, 1969.

  O’CONNOR, RICHARD, Black Jack Pershing, New York, Doubleday, 1961.

  OGBURN, CHARLTON, JR., The Marauders, New York, Harper, 1959.

  PECK, GRAHAM, Two Kinds of Time, Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1950.

  PEERS, WILLIAM R., and BRELIS, DEAN, Behind the Burma Road, Boston, Little, Brown, 1963.

  PEFFER, NATHANIEL, The Far East: A Modern History, Ann Arbor, Univ. of Michigan Press, 1958.

  PELISSIER, ROGER, ed., The Awakening of China, 1783–1949 (an anthology of contemporary accounts and primary sources), New York, Putnam, 1967.

  PERSHING, GENERAL JOHN J., My Experiences in the World War, 2 vols., New York, Stokes, 1931.

  PHILLIPS, WILLIAM, Ventures in Diplomacy, Boston, Beacon, 1952.

  POGUE, FORREST C., George C. Marshall, vols. I and II, New York, Viking, 1963, 1968.

  POWELL, JOHN B., My 25 Years in China, New York, Macmillan, 1945.

  PRATT, JULIUS, Cordell Hull, 2 vols., in American Secretaries of State and Their Diplomacy, New York, Cooper Square, 1964.

  PUSEY, MERLO J., Charles Evans Hughes, 2 vols., New York, Columbia Univ. Press, 1963.

  RASMUSSEN, A. H., China Trader, New York, Crowell, 1954.

  RAVDIN, DR. ISIDOR, Reminiscences, Chinese Oral History Project, East Asian Institute, Columbia University.

  REINSCH, PAUL S., An American Diplomat in China, 1913–19, New York, Doubleday Page, 1922.

  RIDGWAY, MATTHEW BUNKER, Soldier (memoirs), New York, Harper, 1946.

  ROMANUS, CHARLES, and SUNDERLAND, RILEY, Stilwell’s Mission to China (cited as R&S*), Washington, Dept. of the Army, Historical Division, 1953.

  ———, Stilwell’s Command Problems (cited as R&S**), Washington, Dept. of the Army, Historical Division, 1956.

  ———, Time Runs Out in CBI (cited as R&S***), Washington, Dept. of the Army, Historical Division, 1959. The authors of these volumes, with resources open to them which no individual investigation could duplicate, have produced out of the vast mass of military and political records an extraordinarily thorough, detailed, inclusive and eclectic documentation of the war in CBI. In making available these so
urces in print, they have put everyone who enters the field afterwards in their debt.

  ROMANUS, CHARLES, and SUNDERLAND, RILEY, Two Interviews with General Merrill, 20 and 28 April 1948; Three Interviews with General Hearn, 22 and 28 November 1948, 17 May 1950; Two Interviews with General Marshall, 6 and 13 July 1949, unpublished, on file at OCMH.

  ROOSEVELT, ELEANOR, Autobiography, New York, Harper, 1961.

  ROOSEVELT, ELLIOTT, As He Saw It, New York, Duell, Sloane & Pearce, 1946.

  ROOSEVELT, F. D. (ed. Elliott Roosevelt), His Personal Letters, 2 vols., New York, Duell, Sloane & Pearce, 1950.

  ROSENMAN, JUDGE SAMUEL, Working with Roosevelt, New York, Harper, 1952.

  SCOTT, ROBERT LEE, JR., Flying Tiger: Chennault of China, New York, Doubleday, 1959.

  SEAGRAVE, GORDON, Burma Surgeon, New York, Norton, 1943.

  ———, Burma Surgeon Returns, New York, Norton, 1946.

  SENTINEL, THE, Tientsin. Journal of the 15th Infantry (files in the New York Public Library).

  SELLE, EARL ALBERT, Donald of China, New York, Harper, 1948.

  SEVAREID, ERIC, Not So Wild a Dream, New York, Knopf, 1946.

  SHEEAN, VINCENT, Personal History, New York, Doubleday, 1935.

  ———, Between the Thunder and the Sun, New York, Random, 1943.

  SHERIDAN, JAMES E., Chinese Warlord: The Career of Feng Yu-hsiang, Stanford Univ. Press, 1966.

  SHERWOOD, ROBERT E., Roosevelt and Hopkins, New York, Harper, 1948.

  SHIGEMITSU, MAMORU, Japan and Her Destiny, New York, Dutton, 1958.

  SLIM, FIELD MARSHAL THE VISCOUNT, Defeat Into Victory, New York, McKay, 1961.

  SMEDLEY, AGNES, Battle Hymn of China, New York, Knopf, 1943.

  SMITH, ARTHUR H., China and America Today, New York, Revell, 1907.

  SNELL, JOHN L., Illusion and Necessity: The Diplomacy of Global War, 1939–45, Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1963.

  SNOW, EDGAR, Far Eastern Front, New York, Smith & Haas, 1933.

  ———, Red Star Over China, New York, Modern Library, 1944 (first published 1938).

  ———, The Battle for Asia, New York, Random, 1941.

  ———, Journey to the Beginning, New York, Random, 1958.

  ———, Random Notes on Red China, 1936–45, Cambridge, Harvard Univ. Press, 1957.