Empire of the Summer Moon

  Over-the-Buttes, Chief, 170–71

  Padouca, 25, 323n

  Pah-hah-yuco, Chief, 88, 107–8, 113, 115, 116, 328n

  Palestine, Tex., 18–19, 192

  Palo Duro Canyon, 6–7, 114, 122, 275, 276–83, 294–96, 339n

  Palo Duro Canyon, Battle of, 279–83

  Paloma Apaches, 58

  Palo Pinto County, Tex., 156, 251

  Pamunkeys, 4–5

  paraibos, 91–92, 107, 266, 318

  Parker, Ann, 189

  Parker, Baldwin, 117, 200, 322n

  Parker, Benjamin, 17, 18, 178

  Parker, Cynthia Ann (White Squaw) (Nautdah), 7–8, 12–22, 36, 37–38, 47, 74, 102–18, 120, 125–27, 135, 151–53, 157, 174, 177–93, 194, 196, 197, 200, 286–87, 290–91, 300, 316–17, 318

  Parker, Daniel, 20, 127, 135, 153, 321n, 322n

  Parker, Isaac, 127, 153–54, 179–80, 182–89, 291

  Parker, Isaac Duke, 186

  Parker, James, 15, 18–19, 20, 119–20, 123–27, 131, 153, 178, 182

  Parker, John, 16, 17, 18, 20, 22, 37, 153

  Parker, John Richard, 18, 36, 37–38, 103, 117–18, 119, 125–26, 178

  Parker, Lucy, 17–18, 37, 110, 126, 182

  Parker, Orlena, 182, 189, 191, 316

  Parker, Quanah, see Quanah, Chief

  Parker, Sallie, 16, 17, 18

  Parker, Silas, 15, 16–17, 18, 125, 153

  Parker, Silas, Jr., 182, 189–93

  Parker, White, 318

  Parker, William, 187–89

  Parker County, Tex., 153–54, 156, 157, 183

  Parker Raid (1836), 12–22, 23, 41, 108, 109, 110, 119–20, 152, 157, 158, 178–80, 181, 182, 189, 322n

  Parker’s Fort, 8, 12–22, 23, 25, 26, 39, 50, 74, 108, 109, 110, 117–18, 157, 158, 179–80, 181, 182

  Parkman, Francis, 261

  Parrilla, Don Diego Ortiz de, 62–69

  Pawnees, 21, 26, 28, 31–32, 59, 60, 210, 314

  peace commission, U.S., 224–34

  peace policy, 2, 220, 221–34, 238, 240–42

  “Peanuts,” 117, 151, 178, 180, 194, 195, 295, 334n

  Pease River, Battle of, 175–81, 185, 194–96, 199, 200, 208, 295, 317

  Pecos, N. Mex., 57, 61

  Penateka Comanches, 49, 50, 80–82, 88, 89–101, 107–16, 139, 142, 146–47, 163, 164, 171–72, 196–97, 203, 209, 210, 226–27, 229, 233, 251, 256, 258, 266, 267, 290, 301, 324n

  Penobscots, 4–5

  Peorias, 210

  Pequots, 4–5

  Permansu, 298–99

  Perry, Matthew, 235

  Peta Nocona, 8, 37, 109–11, 116–17, 151–56, 157, 158, 169, 174, 176–77, 180, 181, 183, 195–96, 197, 200, 203, 295, 317, 334n

  Pettis, George, 217, 218, 219

  peyote rites, 313–14

  Phil Kearney, Fort, 238

  Piamempits (Big Cannibal Owl), 198

  Piedras Negras, Mex., 159

  Pierce, Franklin, 164

  Pizarro, Francisco, 55

  Placido, Chief, 167

  Plains Indians, 3, 5–6, 17, 20, 30–31, 38, 47–48, 57, 59, 66, 78, 79, 97, 98, 103, 120–21, 130, 133, 169, 181, 199, 203, 212, 215–16, 226–28, 230, 232, 233, 263, 278, 283, 313

  Plainview, Tex., 249

  Plum Creek, Battle of, 94, 96–100, 111, 114, 136, 140, 266

  Plummer, James Pratt, 17, 22, 38, 42, 119, 124, 125, 126–27

  Plummer, L. T. M., 21–22, 42, 124, 126

  Plummer, Rachel Parker, 16, 17, 21–22, 36–52, 74, 75, 104, 107, 119, 120–25, 126, 184

  Plummer, Wilson P., 125

  Pobishequasso, Chief (Iron Jacket), 168, 281

  Pockmark, Jim, 167

  Polk, James K., 163

  Poncas, 210, 314

  Pope, John, 224

  Post Oak Jim, 45

  Post Oak Mission, 316–17

  Pottawotamies, 210

  Powder Face, Chief, 267

  Powder River Expedition, 305

  prairie, 13–14, 38–40, 93, 155, 156, 175, 196

  prairie dogs, 2–3, 9, 52, 269

  Prairie Dog Town Fork, 252, 275, 276–77, 294

  Prairie Flower (Toh-tsee-ah), 8, 151, 153, 182, 184, 185, 186, 187, 189, 190–91, 287, 290–91, 316

  prairie storms, 8, 39–40, 79–80, 143, 175, 196, 247–49

  presidios, 20, 55, 61, 62–67

  Price, William, 275, 277

  Prince, Captain, 170–71

  Pueblo Indians, 29, 30–31, 35, 123

  Pueblo revolt (1680), 30–31

  “puha” (personal medicine), 45, 98, 264–72

  Qua-ha-da, 249

  Quahadi Comanches, 5–11, 49–50, 89, 114, 122, 158, 209, 223, 229, 242–49, 251, 252, 255, 256–57, 258, 259, 275, 284–85, 289, 290, 294, 324n

  Quakers, 2, 234, 240–41, 251

  Quanah, Acme and Pacific Railroad, 311, 317

  Quanah, Chief, 194–206, 283–319

  adoptions by, 302–3

  assimilation of, 301–4, 311–13, 318, 319

  at Battle of Blanco Canyon, 6–11, 242–49, 250, 276, 334n

  birth of, 13, 196

  cattle herds of, 222–23, 296–99, 300, 301–2, 310

  childhood of, 151, 194–99

  children of, 302–3, 318, 319

  as Comanche leader, 194–206, 288–319, 339n

  correspondence of, 286–87, 291

  death of, 318–19

  escapes of, 178, 180, 194–96, 199, 200, 245–49, 272, 278, 283–87, 317, 334n

  film appearance of, 312

  at Fort Sill, 285–304

  Geronimo compared with, 314–15, 317–18

  Goodnight’s treaty with, 295–96

  gravesite of, 318, 319

  grazing lands leased by, 297–99

  horse herd of, 205–6, 286, 290

  horses stolen by, 200, 202, 203, 206, 222–23

  Quanah, Chief (cont.)

  house built by (Star House), 301–4, 311, 313, 318, 341n

  intelligence of, 200, 289–90

  Isa-tai’s alliance with, 264–72, 285, 289, 290, 300, 314

  Kwihnai (Eagle) as name of, 117

  Mackenzie’s friendship with, 286–87, 290–91, 292, 293–94, 304, 307

  Mackenzie’s search for, 6–11, 283–87, 289, 317

  marriage of, 205–6

  at Medicine Lodge, 229

  mixed blood of, 7–8, 12, 13, 21, 205, 285, 286–87, 316–17, 319

  Parker relations of, 7–8, 12, 13, 21, 285, 286–87, 290–91, 300, 316–17, 319

  personality of, 199–200, 202–6, 289–90, 311, 314, 317–18, 319

  peyote rites supported by, 313–14

  photographs of, 199, 300

  physical appearance of, 183, 199–200, 244, 289, 300, 313

  political influence of, 290–91, 297–300, 308–10, 313, 317

  as Principal Chief of the Comanches, 289, 299, 304, 318

  raids led by, 200–204, 222–23, 267–73, 337n

  recollections of, 195–96, 317–18, 334n

  renegade Comanches returned by, 292–94

  reputation of, 288–319

  reservation life of, 285–319

  Roosevelt’s relationship with, 303, 311–13, 317

  speeches given by, 312–13, 317–18, 334n

  surrender of, 283–87, 289

  vengeance sought by, 263, 265–66, 272–73, 290

  vision quest of, 199

  as war chief, 202–4, 206, 242–49, 264–72, 283–87, 289, 290, 291, 294–96, 299, 337n

  as warrior, 6–11, 197–204, 207, 229, 240, 263, 264–72, 289

  wealth of, 205–6, 289–90, 296–304, 310–11, 318

  wives of, 205–6, 256, 289, 290, 300–302, 314, 318

  wounding of, 203–4, 270

  Quanah, Tex., 153

  Quapaws, 210, 211

  railroads, 5, 224, 251, 260–61, 311, 317

  Red Cloud Sioux Agency, 304–5

  Redd, William D., 88

  Red River, Battle of the, 25
4–57, 294–95

  Red River War, 254–57, 274–87, 294–95, 303, 304

  reservations, Indian, 162, 164–65, 167, 169, 171, 204, 209–10, 212, 214, 226–33, 240–41, 251, 252, 256, 257, 266–67, 273, 274–75, 284–319, 339n

  Richardson, Fort, 203

  Richmond, Tex., 136

  rifles, 5, 33, 78, 81, 86, 94, 97, 98, 132, 133, 137–38, 143, 160, 168, 172, 204, 208, 217, 223, 232–33, 242, 244–45, 260–62, 269, 270–71

  Ringgold, Tex., 68

  Rio Grande, 13, 30, 53, 55, 58, 128, 143, 227–28, 263

  Rio Trampas, 58

  Rivera y Villalón, Pedro de, 59–60

  Roberson, G. W., 297

  robes, buffalo, 80, 92, 175, 198, 199, 219, 239, 248, 262, 281

  Rocky Mountains, 28, 40, 70, 201

  Rogers, H. B., 181

  Roosevelt, Theodore, 303, 311–13, 317

  Rose, Victor, 117, 126, 142

  Ross, Pease, 180

  Ross, Sul, 170, 171, 174–77, 180–81, 208, 316

  Runnels, Hardin, 166, 169

  Sac and Fox Indians, 209–10

  Salt Creek Massacre, 4, 19

  Salt Fork, 111

  San Angelo, Tex., 58, 204, 206, 240, 275

  San Antonio, Tex., 38, 61, 62–63, 67, 78, 82–88, 93, 95, 136, 138, 139, 142, 143–44, 146, 157, 165, 201, 204, 263, 303, 305–6

  San Antonio massacre (1840), 82–88

  San Antonio de Bexar mission, 13

  Sand Creek Massacre (1864), 219–21, 242

  San Jacinto, Battle of, 13, 15, 25, 73–74, 75, 97, 131, 139

  San Jose Mission, 87–88

  San Saba Massacre (1758), 62–69, 82, 84, 85, 100, 112

  Santa Anna, Antonio López de, 13, 82

  Santa Anna, Chief, 88, 93, 115, 328n

  Santa Fe, N. Mex., 2, 6, 14, 30, 55, 61, 75, 89, 113, 122, 123, 204, 213–14

  Santa Fe Trail, 5, 25–26, 40, 123, 129, 196, 212, 213–14, 224

  Santee rebellion (1862), 211–12

  Santee Sioux, 211–12, 216

  Santiesteban, Padre, 66

  Satanta, Chief, 226, 283

  Sayre, Warren, 309

  Schilz, Jodye and Thomas, 99–100

  Scott, Hugh, 314–15

  scouts, Indian, 1, 7, 9–10, 79, 80, 97, 108, 148, 167, 168, 169, 171, 216, 242, 244, 246–47, 252–54, 279–80, 282

  Searchers, The, 120

  Second Cavalry, U.S., 166, 170–71, 174–76, 208, 218

  Second Connecticut Volunteer Artillery, 236–38

  Seminoles, 5, 77, 209, 210, 211, 228

  Senecas, 210

  Shaking Hand, Chief, 251, 255, 278, 279, 283, 290, 339n

  Sharpe, Florida, 306

  Sharps rifles (“Big Fifties”), 5, 270–71

  Shawnees, 5, 16, 75, 77, 122, 167, 169, 210, 314

  Sheridan, Philip, 251, 257, 262, 275, 284, 286, 304, 305, 306

  Sherman, Ezra, 156, 157

  Sherman, Martha, 156, 157, 160, 173, 175

  Sherman, William Tecumseh, 2, 3, 4, 215, 225, 228, 229, 242, 251, 273, 276, 305

  Shiloh, Battle of, 83

  Shoshone language, 24, 27, 117

  Signal Station, 286

  Sill, Fort, 249, 256–57, 273, 274, 275, 283, 284, 285–304, 305, 306–7

  Sioux, 3, 14–15, 24, 27, 31, 44, 45, 50, 130, 159, 211–12, 238–39, 274, 299–300, 304–5, 312

  Sitting Bull, Chief, 50

  Sixth Cavalry, U.S., 275–76

  Slater’s Creek, 192

  slavery, 40–52, 55, 75, 104, 131, 157–58, 185, 189, 210–11, 261

  Slidell, Alexander Mackenzie, 235

  Slidell, John, 235

  smallpox, 91, 92, 103, 112, 114, 126, 179

  Smith, Clinton, 254, 256

  Smith, John Jeremiah “Coho,” 187–89

  Smithwick, Noah, 80, 85, 88

  Snyder, Tex., 206, 283, 284

  sod houses, 261, 269–70

  Song of Solomon, 319

  Sonora State, Mex., 63

  Spanish empire, 2, 3–4, 10, 13–14, 19, 23–29, 38, 49, 53–72, 75–78, 82, 83, 89, 104, 115, 130, 131–32, 159, 160, 325n, 326n

  Spencer repeating rifles, 233, 244–45

  spirits, 45, 87, 198, 199, 281

  Spirit Talker (Muguara or Mukewarrah), 84–86, 88, 89, 92

  Springfield Arsenal Musketoon, Model 1842, 160

  Stagg Prairie, 156

  staked plains, see Llano Estacado

  Stephens, James H., 312

  Stockton, Fort, 115, 201–2

  Sturm, Jacob J., 284–85, 286

  Sun Dance, 27, 216, 259, 266

  supply trains, 25–26, 69, 97, 99, 110–11, 132, 134, 213–14, 218, 242–43, 249, 252–56, 276, 280

  surveyors, 83, 139, 140

  syphilis, 112, 306

  taibos (soldiers), 96–97, 100, 109, 114, 151, 208, 241, 265, 268, 281, 292, 294

  Tamaulipas State, Mex., 115

  Tannap, 205

  Taos, N. Mex., 30, 35, 55, 58, 61

  Tarahumare, 54

  Tarrant County, Tex., 183

  Tatum, Lawrie, 241, 242, 257

  Tawakonis, 16, 59, 77, 209

  Taylor, Alfred A., 225

  Taylor, Mrs., 124

  Taylor, Zachary, 123, 148, 149

  Tekwashana, 105, 106

  Ten Bears, Chief (Paruasemena), 214, 218, 227–28, 229, 298–99

  Tennawish, 109, 111, 116, 209

  Tenth Cavalry, U.S., 263, 275, 292–93

  Terreros, Don Pedro Romero de, 63

  Terreros, Father Alonso Giraldo de, 63, 64–65, 66

  Teton Sioux, 50

  Texas:

  Anglo-Texan culture of, 6, 25–26, 60, 92, 93, 122–23

  Comanche conflicts in, 6, 25–26, 57–68, 73–78, 82–88, 91–111, 113, 115, 130, 131–50, 202–4, 228, 241, 250–53, 267–72, 295

  Texas (cont.)

  as Confederate state, 185, 188, 191, 207–8, 209

  congress of, 75, 76

  constitution of, 165

  East, 75–77, 120, 188–90

  frontier conditions in, 1–11, 12, 19, 23–25, 41, 42, 49, 50, 52, 56–66, 75–78, 113, 153, 180

  independence of, 13, 25, 82

  militias of, 136, 160, 208, 222

  panhandle of, 7, 9, 153, 180, 214, 251, 261, 263, 274–75, 277, 294

  political situation in, 13, 26, 74–75, 83, 90–91, 119, 120, 126–27, 145, 154, 157, 165, 170, 174, 185, 233–34, 240–41, 298–99

  population of, 157–58

  Reconstruction period of, 223

  republic of, 13, 14, 73–77, 120, 130–31, 140, 145, 148

  slavery in, 131, 157–58, 185

  as Spanish territory, 19, 23–25, 49, 57–66, 75–78

  U.S. annexation of, 129

  West, 2, 8, 10, 58, 75, 77–78, 196, 262

  see also specific settlements and towns