The Age of Louis XIV

  and Fontenelle, 615, 617

  and Leibniz, 673, 675

  and Spinoza, 623, 630, 632, 641, 655

  bayonet, origin of, 691

  Bayonne, Jews in, 457

  Beachy Head, England, 693

  bear baiting, 195, 275

  Béam, province of, 72

  Beaufort, François de Vendôme, Duc de (1616–69), 7

  “Beautiful Young Nymph Going to Bed, A” (Swift), 355

  beauty, definitions of, 264, 592, 640

  Beauvis, France, 89

  tapestries from, 93, 94, 103

  Beauvillier, Paul Duc de (1648–1714), 82, 697, 701

  Beauvillier, Duchesse de (fl. 1687), 83, 487, 689

  Beaux’ Stratagem (Farquhar), 315

  Becher, Johann Joachim (1635–82), 516

  Bedford, William Russell, 5th Earl of (1613–1700), 295

  Bedford, England, 208, 209

  Bedloe, William (fl. 1678), 281

  Beethoven, Ludwig van (1770–1827), 143

  Behemoth (Hobbes), 562

  Behn, Aphra (1640–89), 335

  Béjart, Armande (1642–1700), 110–11, 113, 121, 123, 125, 126*, 127, 134

  Béjart, Madeleine (1618–72), 106, 107, 111, 134

  Bekker, Balthasar (1634–98), 659

  Belgium, 164, 714, 715, 717

  see also Spanish Netherlands

  Belgrade, 425, 691, 704

  Bellarmine, Robert, Cardinal (1542–1621), 77

  Bellasis, Catholic peer (fl. 1678), 280

  Belvedere Palace, Vienna, 426

  Bender (now Tighina, U.S.S.R.), 387

  Benedict XIII (Pietro Francesco Orsini), Pope (r. 1724–30), 61

  Benedict XIV (Prospero Lambertini), Pope (r. 1740–58), 104

  Benedictine Order, 292–93, 490, 543, 598

  Bennet, Justice, of Derby (fl. 1650), 196

  Benoist, Antoine (1631–1717), 95

  Bentham, Jeremy (1748–1832), 645

  Bentley, Richard (1662–1742), 331, 490–92, 546, 563, 572

  Berchem, Nicolaes (1620–83), 168*

  Berenice, Jewish princess (C.A.D.28–after 75), 132, 137

  Bérénice (Racine), 132, 137

  Bergen-op-Zoom, 178

  Bergson, Henri (1859–1941), 574

  Bering, Vitus (1680–1741), 403

  Berkeley, 2d Earl of (fl. 1699), 348

  Berkeley, George (1685–1753), 358, 529, 542, 553, 574, 585, 586, 593–91, 603, 604, 637

  influence of Locke on, 587, 594–95

  his opinion of Spinoza, 656

  Berkshire, Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of (fl. 1626), 322

  Berlin: after Thirty Years’ War, 412

  capital of Prussia, 413

  court of Great Elector at, 414–15

  Huguenot refugees in, 73

  Jews in, 464

  national library at, 484

  Peter the Great visits, 406

  Schloss, 418

  Berlin Academy of Sciences, 414, 495, 664, 677, 678

  Bermuda, 596

  Bernard, Samuel (b. 1651), 21, 457, 698, 712

  Bernier, François (1625–88), 86, 509, 507

  Bernini, Giovanni Lorenzo (1598–1680), 91, 101, 428, 434

  Bernoulli family, 498

  Bernoulli, Daniel (1700–82), 403

  Bernoulli, Jakob I (1654–1705), 501

  Bernoulli, Johann (1667–1748), 501, 544–45

  Bernoulli, Nikolaus (1623–1708), 501

  Bernoulli, Nikolaus I (1662–1716), 501

  Berry, Charles Ferdinand de Bourbon, Duke of (1685–1714), 716

  Bérulle, Pierre de, Cardinal (1575–1629), 70

  Berwick, James Fitzjames, Duke of (1670–1734), 708

  Besançon, 43

  Bessarabia, 372

  Bethlehem Hospital (“Bedlam”), London, 507

  Béthune, France, 714

  Betterton, Thomas (1635?–1710), 315, 319

  Beverland, Hadrian, 167

  Biber, Heinrich von (1644–1704), 443

  Bible: Acosta’s commentaries on, 476

  Bayle’s references to, 606, 610–11

  Blount’s refutations of, 567–68

  Bossuet’s views on, 15, 78, 80

  Bunyan’s reading of, 208–10

  cited on divine right in kings, 15, 78, 579–80

  —on divorce, 223

  —on heresy, 483

  —on polygamy, 78, 238

  —on witches, 482

  Clarke’s defense of, 572

  Collins’ critique of, 570

  critical study of, rising, 85, 483, 494, 571

  Filmer’s references to, 579

  Hobbes’s “Higher Criticism” of, 559

  Hooke’s conclusions on, 507

  individual interpretation of, 80, 194

  Jewish commentaries on, 459, 470–71, 475, 476, 621

  King James Version, 461

  Leibniz’ views on, 494, 673

  Leslie’s defense of, 571

  Locke’s views on, 580, 589

  Manasseh’s commentaries on, 459

  Milton’s use of, 223, 236–239

  Newton’s acceptance of, 543

  Pascal’s views on, 63, 65, 599

  Puritans’ reading of, 194, 207, 461

  Simon’s critique of, 493–94, 570

  Spinoza’s critiques of, 493–94, 621, 623, 625–630, 653, 655

  Syrian versions of Epistles, 492

  Unitarians’ acceptance of, 567

  Ussher’s chronology of, 78

  Yiddish translation of, 465

  Zwicker’s views on, 167

  Biblia Naturae (Swammerdam), 521

  Bibliothèque Nationale (orig. Royale), Paris, 484, 490, 496

  Bibliothèque orientale (Herbelot), 492

  Bibliothèque universelle (periodical), 484, 578, 667

  Bicker, Wendela, wife of Jan de Witt, 173

  Bickerstaff, Isaac, pseudonym of Steele, 342, 352

  of Swift, 352

  Bidpai, fables of, 145

  Bill of Rights (England, 1689), 297–98

  Bill of Rights (U.S.), 583

  Bingen, Germany, 691

  binomial theorem, 533

  biology, 507, 509, 518–21, 523, 676–77

  Birch, Elizabeth (fl. 1682), 591

  Black Sea, 375, 379, 388

  Blake, Robert (1599–1657), 172, 200

  Blasphemy Act of 1697, 313

  Blenheim, battle of (1704), 341, 707

  Blenheim Palace, 319

  Blois, Mlle, de (Marie Anne de Bourbon: b. 1666), 37

  Blois, France, 83, 89, 717

  blood circulation, 522–23

  blood transfusion, 528

  Bloody Assizes (1685), 290

  Blount, Charles (1654–93), 567–68

  Boccaccio, Giovanni (1313–75,), 327

  Bodleian Library, Oxford, 484, 490

  Bodley, Sir Thomas (1545–1613), 484

  Boerhaave, Hermann (1668–1738), 381, 526

  Bohemia, 3, 420, 421, 426, 464

  Bohemian Repast (Magnasco,), 433

  Böhme, Jakob (1575–1624), 207, 543, 573, 624

  Boileau-Despréaux, Nicolas (1636–1711), 33, 66, 92, 128–32

  passim, 140, 146–49, 151, 312, 529, 599, 618

  King’s liking for, 12, 14, 129, 130, 147, 149

  his championing of Molière, 105, 109, 124, 128

  the Four Friends, 126, 144, 146, 149

  his influence on Racine, 135, 142

  his role in French literature, 147–49

  his defense of antiquity, 162

  Boineburg, Johann von (1622–72), 661, 662

  Boisguillebert, Pierre Le Pesant, Sieur de (1646–1714), 697–98, 709

  Boisrobert, François Le Métel de (1592–1662), 130

  Bol, Ferdinand (1616–80), 168*

  Bolingbroke, Henry St. John, Viscount (1678–1751), 307–8, 309, 310, 566, 571

  created viscount (1712), 309

  starts Examiner, 313

 
association with Swift, 313, 353, 354, 361, 362

  Bologna, 434, 439

  University of, 514, 522, 526

  Bolognetti family, 434

  Bombay, 248, 259, 446

  Bonde, Gustav (1620–67), 367

  Bonnart, Robert (b. c.1649), 95

  Book of Common Prayer, 194, 252

  Book of Martyrs (Foxe), 210

  Book of Poverty and Wealth (Possoshkov), 404

  book publishing and selling, 168, 458, 484

  Bordeaux, 8, 10, 44, 89, 446, 449, 457

  Borelli, Giovanni Alfonso (1608–79), 505, 513, 524, 526, 537, 539

  Borghese, Princess (fl. 1675), 429

  Boscobel, England, 189

  Bosnia, 425

  Bosporus, 388

  Bossuet, Jacques Bénigne (1627–1704), 36, 40, 41, 60, 74, 75–81, 131, 159, 162, 163, 448, 602, 604, 614

  on divine right of kings, 14–15, 77–78

  intolerance of heresy, 70, 79–80, 666

  champion of Gallicanism, 79, 81, 664

  response to Leibniz on Christian unity, 80, 662, 666–67

  rivalry of Fénelon, 83–85

  portraits of, 98, 99

  sculpture of, 100

  refusal of sacraments to actors, 104

  condemnation of Molière play, 113

  of Simon critique of Bible, 493–94

  of Descartes, 599

  Bosweil, James (1740–95), 595, 596

  botany, 497, 500, 519–20, 524

  Botero, Giovanni (1540–1617), 502

  Boucher, François (1703–70), 434

  Bouillard, Ismaelis (fl. 1645), 537, 539

  Bouillon, éleonore de Berg, Duchesse de (wife of Frédéric Maurice . . . , Duc de Bouillon), 7, 144

  Bouillon, Frédéric Maurice de La Tour d’ Auvergne, Duc de (1605–52), 7

  Bouillon, Godefroid Maurice de La Tour d’ Auvergne, Duc de (1641–1721), 86

  Boulenger, Jacques (1879–1944), 687*

  Boulle, André Charles (1642–1732), 94

  Bourbon, house of, 3, 42, 296, 350, 421, 423, 425, 701–4

  passim, 712, 714

  Bourbon-Condé, Louis III, Duc de (1668–1710), 694

  Bourdalue, Louis (1632–1704), 153

  Bourdon, Sébastien (1616–71), 90, 98

  Bourgeois Gentilhomme, Le (Molière), 124–125, 447

  Bourges, Pragmatic Sanction of (1438), 48

  Bourgogne, Hôtel de, Paris, 105, 107, 109, 110, 111, 114, 132, 135, 139

  Bouwmeister, Johan (1630–80), 623

  Boxel, Hugo, 633

  Boyle, Charles, 4th Earl of Orrery (1676–1730, 491

  Boyle, Robert (1627–91), 263, 498, 499, 500, 506–7, 511–12, 517, 576, 585

  Riley portrait of, 265

  endowment of lectures on Christianity, 490, 529, 566, 572

  in Royal Society, 496, 497, 532

  work on velocity of sound, 513

  his “skeptical chemistry,” 515, 516, 528

  interest in alchemy, 532

  correspondence with Leibniz, 533, 662

  Boyne, battle of (1690), 74, 302, 303, 693

  Brabant, province of, 42, 45, 164, 176

  Bracegirdle, Anne (1663?–1748), 319, 321

  Bradshaw, John (1602–59), 245

  Brahe, Per, Count (1602–80), 367

  Brahe, Tycho (1546–1601), 503, 504, 505, 538

  Bramhall, John (1594–1663), 560

  Branca, Giovanni (1571–1645), 517

  Brand, Hennig (d. c.1692), 516

  Brandenburg, 380, 412–14, 483, 484, 485

  in coalitions against France, 43, 175, 178, 179, 180, 691

  Huguenots find asylum in, 73

  seizes West Prussia, 366

  at war with Sweden, 367–69

  acquires East Prussia, 367

  Elector becomes King of Prussia, 414

  Jews in, 464

  see also Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg

  Brazil, 275, 446, 447, 508

  Breda, 188, 233

  Declaration of (1660), 205

  Treaty of (1667), 174, 276–77

  Breisach, Baden, 44, 712

  Breisgau, Baden, 44

  Bremen (city), 411, 497

  (state), 367, 369, 389

  Brennibor, 412

  Brescia, Italy, 443

  Breslau, 502

  University of, 486

  Brest, 302, 694

  Bridgewater, John Egerton, 1st Earl of (1579–1649), 215

  Brihuega, battle of (1710), 712

  Brinvilliers, Marie Madeleine d’Aubray, Marquise de (1630–76), 28

  Britannicus (Racine), 137

  British Museum, 485

  Brittany, 44, 153, 154

  Broussel, Pierre (c.1570–after 1652), 6–7

  Browne, Sir Thomas (1605–82), 261

  Browning, Robert (1812–89), 433

  Bruant, Libéral (1637–97), 90

  Brueghel family, 501

  Brueghel, Anne (m. David Teniers the Younger, 1637), 165

  Brueghel, Jan (“Velvet Brueghel”: 1568–1625), 165

  Brueghel, Picter, the Elder (1525?–69), 165

  Bruges, 708

  Brugg, Gillis van, 317

  Briihl, Prussia, 8

  Brunelleschi (Brunellesco), Filippo (1377–1446), 264

  Bruno, Giordano (1548–1600), 484, 654, 669, 678

  Bruno of Cologne, Saint (c.1030–1101), 96

  Brunswick, house of, 663, 666, 678

  Brunswick-Lüneburg, 43

  Brussels, 164–65, 204, 205, 283, 439

  Hôtel de Ville, 165

  Buchanan, George (1506–82), 555

  Buckingham, George Villiers, 1st Duke of (1592–1628), 228

  Buckingham, George Villiers, 2d Duke of (1628–87), 178, 251, 270, 277, 278, 321, 325, 566

  Buckle, Henry Thomas (1821–62), 80

  Buczacz, Peace of (1672), 371

  Buda, Hungary, 424, 704

  Buffon, Georges Louis Leclerc, Comte de (1707–88), 679

  Bulgaria, 388, 425

  bull-baiting, 195, 275

  Bunhill Fields, England, 212

  Bunyan, John (1628–88), 208–12, 278, 351, 360

  Burgh, Albert (fl. 1675), 633–35

  Burgh, Conraad, 633

  Burgos, 448

  Burgundy. Louis, Duke of (1682–1712), 82, 83, 84, 710, 716

  Burgundy. Marie Adélaīde, Duchess of (1685–1712), 100, 716

  Burgundy, 21

  Burke, Edmund (1729–97), 592

  Burlington House, London, 434

  Burnet, Gilbert, Bishop (1643–1715), 249, 251, 270, 271, 279, 280, 288, 300, 330, 560

  and accession of William and Mary, 295

  suggests polygamy for Charles II, 272

  appointed bishop of Salisbury, 299

  and Peter the Great, 382, 391

  Burnet, Thomas (1635?–1715), 507

  Burney, Charles (1726–1814), 267, 444

  Bury St. Edmunds, England, 482

  Busby, Richard (1606–95), 321

  Busenbaum, Hermann (1600–68), 47

  Bussy, Roger de Rabutin, Comte de (1618–1693), 151, 160–61

  Butler, Samuel (1612–80), 328–29, 497

  Buxtehude, Dietrich (1637–1707), 419

  Byron, George Gordon, Lord (1788–1824), 657

  Byss, Rudolf, tapestry maker (17th cent.), 419

  Cabal (council of ministers under Charles II), 277, 279, 576,

  Cabala, 459, 465, 466, 470–71, 475, 476, 620, 624

  Cabale des Dévots, 114, 116, 118

  Cabeo, Niccolo (fl. 1629), 514

  Cadenus and Vanessa (Swift), 356, 358, 360

  Cadillac, Antoine de la Mothe (1656?–1730), 26

  Cádiz, 450

  Caen, France, 74

  Caesar, Gaius Julius (100–44 B.C.), 13, 511

  Cahors, France, 708

  Cairo, 455, 472, 475

  Calais, 200

  Calamy, Edmund (1600–66), 218*

  calc
ulus, 499, 500–1, 528, 532–34, 662–63, 678, 679

  Calvin, John (1509–64), 48, 53, 80, 85

  Calvinists: doctrines of (predestination, etc.), 53–54, 75, 239, 610, 625, 643

  in Dutch Republic, 53, 167, 177, 608, 610, 625, 627, 643

  in England, 194, 239, 301

  in France, see Huguenots

  in Germany, 414, 415, 483, 660, 666

  intolerance of, 167, 194, 590, 608, 625, 627, 666–67

  in Russia, 399

  in Switzerland, 590, 605

  Cambrai, 44, 82, 83, 84, 164

  Cambridge Platonists, 83, 482, 573, 574, 583

  Cambridge University, 212–13, 219, 265, 519, 536, 572, 573

  refuses degree to Catholic, 292–93, 543–44

  Newton’s association with, 293, 487, 531, 532, 536, 543–44

  Camerarius, Rudolf (1665–1721), 520

  Camerini, maker of pendulum clock (1656), 510*

  Camisards, 73

  Campaign, The (Addison), 341–42

  Campanclla, Tommaso (1568–1639), 564

  Canada, 26, 259, 508, 509

  canals, 25, 402, 414, 426

  Canary Islands, 200

  Candia, Crete, 433

  Candide (Voltaire), 417, 675

  Cange, Charles du Fresne, Sieur du, see Du Cange

  Canterbury, Archbishop of, see Sheldon, Gilbert (term, 1663–77)

  Tillotson, John (1691–1694)

  Canterbury, England, 206

  Cantone, architect (fl. 1650), 433

  Capetown, 166

  Cappella Corsini, Florence, 436

  Capuchins, religious order, 51, 399

  Caractères de Théophraste, Les (La Bruyère), 159–60

  Cardan, Jerome (1501–76), 517

  Caribbean, trade in, 26

  Carinthia, duchy of, 420

  Carissimi, Giacomo (c. 1604–1674), 445

  Carla, France, 605

  Carlisle, Charles Howard, 1st Earl of (1629–85), 285, 286

  Carlow, county of, 187

  Carlsbad, 405

  Carlyle, Thomas (1795–1881), 348

  Carmelite nuns, 37, 46

  Carniola, duchy of, 420

  Carolina, colony of, 253, 259, 577

  Caroline of Anspach (1683–1737), Queen Consort of George II of Great Britain, 414, 572

  carpets, 95

  Carreño de Miranda, Juan (1614–85), 450–51

  Carrousel, Place du, Paris, 32

  Carthusian Monastery of San Martino, 437

  Carvajal, Antonio (fl. 1650), 461

  Casale, fortress of, 44

  Cassel, Hesse, 103, 517

  Cassini family, 498

  Cassini, Giovanni Domenico (1625–1712), 496, 503, 508, 513

  Cassini, Jacques (1677–1756), 503–4, 541

  Castlemaine, Barbara Villiers Palmer, Countess of (1641–1709), 247–48, 277, 315, 326, 334

  created Duchess of Cleveland, 249

  Lely portrait of, 266

  Castlemaine, Roger Palmer, Earl of (1634–1705), 247

  casuistry, 47–48, 59, 60, 69, 79, 117

  Catalonia, 446, 707, 708