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  _________. Thomas Jefferson and the Stony Mountains; Exploring the West from Monticello. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1981.

  _________. “The Public Image of Lewis and Clark.” Pacific Northwest Quarterly, January 1966.

  _________. “A Footnote to the Lewis and Clark Expedition.” Manuscripts, vol. 24 (Winter 1972).

  Jefferson, Thomas. Notes on the State of Virginia. Paris, 1794.

  Jordan, Winthrop D. White over Black: American Attitudes Toward the Negro, 1550–1812. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1968.

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_. “A Most Perfect Harmony: Life at Fort Mandan.” We Proceeded On, vol. 14, no. 4 (November 1988).

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  MANUSCRIPTS

  Meriwether Lewis Anderson Papers, Missouri State Historical Society.

  William Clark Papers, Missouri State Historical Society.

  Meriwether Lewis Papers, Missouri State Historical Society.

  Grace Lewis Miller Papers, National Park Service, Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Archives, St. Louis.

  Index

  Adams, Abigail, 34, 62, 63

  Adams, Henry, 52–54, 57, 58, 64, 101, 410

  Adams, John, 39, 48–50, 61, 62, 65

  Adams, John Quincy, 34, 102, 410, 423, 425, 481

  Adams, Samuel, 39

  Aird, James, 401

  Alabama, 35

  Alaska, 75

  Albemarle County, Va., 19–29, 46–48, 64

  Alien Act, 48, 65

  Allen, John Logan, 75, 76, 91–92, 266, 331–33

  Allen, Paul, 479, 480–81

  Alston, Willis, Jr., 422, 424

  American Ornithology (Wilson), 434

  American Philosophical Society, 37, 64, 70, 89, 91, 118, 206, 207, 350, 435

  ML’s election to, 126–27, 409–10

  natural-history specimens sent to, 206, 350, 418

  American Profession of Arms, An: The Army Officer Corps, 1784–1861 (Skelton), 43

  American Revolution, 22, 24, 39–40, 46, 56–57, 68, 121, 125, 146, 184, 223, 344

  Conway Cabal and, 344

  cultural and social life after, 30–37

  political background of, 19–20, 38, 39

  veterans of, 40, 42, 46, 49, 73, 98–99, 105

  Anderson, Edmund, 26, 454

  Anderson, Jane Lewis, 21–22, 26, 27, 28

  Anderson, Miss, 449

  Appalachian Mountains, 43, 51, 52, 55, 56, 61, 68, 75, 84, 333, 408

  Appleman, Roy, 125

  Arapaho Indians, 182

  Arcawechar (chief), 164

  Arctic Ocean, 73

  Arikara Indians, 178–85, 189–90, 193, 200, 204, 398, 399–400, 451, 454, 460–61, 463–64

  Arkansas River, 402

  Armstrong, John, 69–70

  Army, U.S., 42–48, 92, 122, 139, 363

  Chosen Rifle Company of, 46

  Corps of Artillerists of, 134–35

  Corps of Engineers of, 134

  discipline problems and desertion in, 43–47

  duels in, 44–46

  expansion and reduction of, 48–49, 60–62

  Federalist officers in, 49, 61–62, 429

  First Infantry Regiment of, 46, 50, 129, 351

  frontier defense by, 38–39, 43, 321, 347, 443–44

  Indian wars of, 358

  ML’s career in, 43, 45–48, 49–50, 59–61, 97

  officers vs. enlisted men in, 40, 44

  politics and, 48–49, 60–62, 66

  Second Sub-Legion of, 45

  Spanish spying within, 344–45

  WC’s career in, 46, 97, 98, 113, 134–136

  see also Corps of Discovery

  Assiniboine Indians, 182

  Assiniboine River, 185

  Astor, John Jacob, 345n, 481

  Atlantic Ocean, 51, 52, 73, 75, 473

  Atsina Indians, 274, 387, 388

  Audubon, John James, 152

  Austin, Moses, 456

  Australia, 69

  Bache, William, 64

  Badlands, 55

  Bakeless, John, 439

  Bald Mountain, 374

  Barlow, Joel, 64, 422–23

  Barralet, John James, 433

  Barton, Benjamin Smith, 90–91, 432, 479

  Bates, Frederick, 429, 436, 440, 445–47, 449, 472

  ML’s relations with, 453, 456–57, 460–66, 468–69, 483

  political background of, 447

  Bates, Tarleton, 449n

  Benoit, Francis, 134

  Bent, Silas, 413

  Bering Sea, 69

  Biddle, Nicholas, 135–36, 249, 479–80

  Big Horse (chief), 159–60

  Big White (chief), 183–84, 187, 398–99, 403, 409, 468

  Washington, D.C., visit of, 416, 420, 425–26, 451–52, 454, 456, 459, 461

  Bismarck, N. Dak., 80, 182

  Bissell, Russell, 100, 122

  Bissonnette, Antoine, 446

  Bitterroot Mountains, 271–74, 291–93, 303, 311, 315, 333, 353–54, 360, 365–66, 474

  Bitterroot River, 289–94, 373, 378, 379

  Black Buffalo (chief), 169, 171–75

  Black Cat (chief), 183, 184–85, 187, 200, 211, 212, 398–99

  Blackfeet Indians, 232, 284, 363, 366, 367, 385, 443

  hostile nature of, 188, 252, 256, 264, 269, 273–76, 282, 285, 300, 376–378, 397

  ML’s fight with, 387–92, 414

  Blackfoot River, 380

  Black Hills, 205

  Black Moccasin (chief), 183

  Blue Ridge Mountains, 19, 54–55

  Boilvin, Nicholas, 450, 451, 454–56

  Boley, John, 129

  Boone, Daniel, 19, 144, 456, 481

  Boone’s Settlement, 144, 397

  Boston, Mass., 52, 343

  Boston Tea Party, 19

  Botany Bay, 69

  Braddock, Edward, 21

  Bradford and Inskeep, 479–80

  Bratton, William, 105, 161, 224, 357, 364

  Breckenridge, Elizabeth, 440

  Breckenridge, James, 440

  Breckenridge, Letitia, 440, 441, 449, 483

  Broad River, 24

  Brodhead, Michael, 127

  Broken Arm (chief), 362–63

  Broughton, William, 308n, 316

  Bruff, James, 343–44, 345–46

  Buffalo Medicine (chief), 169

  Burke, Edmund, 34

  Burr, Aaron, 413, 428, 468

  conspiracy charges against, 439, 446, 457

  Hamilton’s fatal duel with, 342, 401

  vice-preside
ncy of, 50

  Burroughs, Raymond, 177n

  Cahokia, III., 122, 125, 133, 405

  California, 68

  Callender, James Thomson, 65–66

  Cameahwait (chief), 269–82, 284–87, 290, 302, 414, 433, 474

  Camp Disappointment, 388

  Camp Fortunate, 277–80, 284

  Canada, 73–74, 94, 116, 170, 185, 206, 222, 300, 376, 442

  C. and A. Conrad, 479

  Canton, 407–8

  Cape Girardeau, 121–22, 457

  Cape of Good Hope, 408

  Cascade Mountains, 304, 355

  Catherine the Great, Empress of Russia, 69

  Charbonneau, Jean Baptiste “Pomp,” 197, 198, 204, 211, 213, 241, 319, 364, 376

  WC’s sponsorship of, 399n, 448

  Charbonneau, Lizette, 448

  Charbonneau, Toussaint, 188, 203–4, 220, 223, 225, 228, 255–56, 260, 261, 264, 361

  as interpreter, 203–4, 277, 281, 358–359, 424

  Sacagawea and, 187, 197–98, 211–12, 222, 241, 243, 277, 279, 280, 281, 285, 319, 376, 399

  Charles, Joseph, 453

  Charlottesville, Va., 21, 46, 49, 68, 411, 417–19, 441

  Chase, Samuel, 65

  Cherokee Indians, 22

  Chesapeake, 442

  Cheyenne Indians, 182

  Chickasaw Agency, 473

  Chinook Indians, 305–7, 313–15, 324–326, 334–36, 353–58, 362, 370, 377

  customs and interrelations of, 337–41

  demeanor of, 338, 339

  hunting and trapping of, 338

  physical appearance and clothing of, 338–39, 341

  trading of, 337, 340

  Chouteau, Auguste, Sr., 125–26, 128, 136–38, 401–2, 454, 469

  Chouteau, Lorimier, 136

  Chouteau, Pierre, 125–26, 127, 128, 130, 342–43, 345–46, 352, 401, 405, 412, 417, 422, 448, 454, 457, 460, 461, 463–65

  Christy, William, 412, 413

  Chuinard, Eldon G. “Frenchy,” 196, 223, 241n, 242, 364n, 477

  Cincinnati, Ohio, 114, 115

  Civil War, U.S., 38

  Claiborne, Ferdinand, 48, 49, 59–60

  Clark, George Rogers, 46, 68, 98, 117, 118, 121, 125, 139, 146, 344, 412, 417, 468

  Clark, Jonathan, 458, 470, 476, 478

  Clark, Julia Hancock, 227, 417, 422, 429, 448, 460

  Clark, Meriwether Lewis, 460

  Clark, William:

  Army career of, 46, 97, 98, 113, 134–136

  birth of, 97