Undaunted Courage

  business affairs of, 98, 102, 125, 454, 468–69

  captain’s commission withheld from, 134–36, 351, 411

  compensation and reward of, 425

  courtship and marriage of, 422, 429, 437

  expeditionary co-command proposed by ML to, 97–99

  illness and injury of, 113, 255, 259–60, 261, 262, 301

  journals of, 108–10, 130, 137, 144, 147, 149, 150, 160–61, 171, 174–175, 202, 241, 244, 249, 255–56, 259, 285, 293, 311–13, 341, 350, 370, 372, 406

  as judge of men, 105, 128

  mapmaking of, 97, 137, 207, 331, 336, 350, 351, 398, 406, 410–11, 420, 431–32

  medical practices of, 360, 364–65

  ML’s correspondence with, 97–99, 439, 448

  political appointment of, 425–26, 448, 450, 478

  politics of, 117

  son born to, 460

  TJ and, 35, 46, 98, 133

  as woodsman and waterman, 141, 166–168, 193, 196, 198, 212n, 234, 371

  writing style of, 144, 255

  see also Lewis and Clark

  Clarksville, Indiana Territory, 98, 104, 117, 118

  Clatsop Indians, 313–16, 318–20, 324, 326–29, 334–36, 337–41, 370, 377

  Clearwater River, 299, 301–2, 368, 373, 406

  Cloverfields, 22, 26

  Coboway (chief), 318, 335–36

  Collins, John, 148–49, 150, 416

  Colorado River, 55, 94

  Colter, John, 105, 114, 129, 130, 161, 165, 168–69, 282, 292, 313–16, 355, 399, 481

  Columbia, 37, 54, 70

  Columbia River, 70–75, 84, 94, 98, 206, 209, 210, 221, 230, 252n, 259, 262–263, 267, 291, 299, 303, 352

  ascent of, 353–55

  The Dalles of, 305, 354, 356, 361–62, 406

  descent of, 84, 304–15, 333

  estuary of, 37, 54, 70, 80, 234, 235n, 270, 338, 366

  portage, 305, 306, 334

  rapids and falls of, 304–7, 311, 335

  Columbus, Christopher, 139, 212, 216, 344, 410, 414, 423, 474

  Committee of Correspondence, 19

  Congress, U.S., 48, 49, 59, 62, 73, 226, 413

  compensations authorized by, 412, 414, 418, 421–25

  expedition authorized by, 77–79, 80, 81, 96

  TJ’s reports to, 205, 346, 351, 411, 418

  Conrad, John, 431, 435

  Constitution, U.S., 56, 77, 96, 101, 414, 422

  Continental Army, 43

  Continental Congress, 64

  Continental Divide, 73, 101, 102, 120, 121, 208–9, 222, 230, 250, 263, 266–89, 363, 379, 386, 407

  Conway Cabal, 344

  Cook, James, 28, 54, 69, 70, 74, 76, 139, 212, 216, 410, 474

  Coon, Enos, 47

  Corcoran Art Gallery, 433n

  Corps of Discovery, 130–35, 184, 192, 203, 341, 441

  celebrations of, 149, 152, 159, 195, 247, 282–83, 319

  compensation and rewards of, 132, 416, 424–25, 426

  drinking and disciplinary problems of, 120, 129, 130, 136, 147–50, 181–182, 192, 424

  early deaths among, 325n

  hunting for food by, 145, 153–54, 165–66, 177–78, 190, 193, 198, 210, 217, 220, 223, 237, 274–75, 298, 327–28, 371, 381, 395

  illnesses and injuries of, 147, 149, 160–161, 196–97, 223, 235, 243, 255, 259–61, 297, 299–300, 318, 325–326, 358

  journals of, 131, 141, 158, 226, 335, 396, 415, 427, 428–29, 434–35, 480

  officers and men engaged for, 98, 99, 100–101, 104–5, 114, 117–19, 122, 126, 128, 130–31, 138, 198, 404

  permanent party completed for, 198

  rations of food and whiskey for, 133–134, 145, 146, 147–48, 149, 165, 189–90, 199, 210, 223

  sexual relations with Indian women by, 180, 193, 195, 286, 297, 315, 319, 325

  spirit and morale of, 235, 245–46, 247, 255, 261, 294, 298–99, 304, 313, 361

  cotton gin, 35

  Coues, Elliott, 352, 480, 481

  Crackel, Theodore, 136

  Criswell, Elijah, 91

  Croghan, William, 139

  Crow at Rest (chief), 180

  Crow Indians, 182, 287, 376, 398

  Cruzatte, Pierre (Peter), 138, 146, 169, 171, 172, 173, 177–78, 225, 231, 234, 235, 247, 395–96

  shooting incident and, 395–96, 484

  violin playing of, 304, 307, 310, 368

  Cumberland Gap, 19, 51, 68

  Cumberland River, 84

  Cuscalah (chief), 318–19

  Cushing, Thomas, 100–101

  Cut Bank Creek, 385–86, 390

  Cut Nose (chief), 361–62, 369, 373

  Cutright, Paul Russell, 88, 109, 250, 330–31, 384, 404n, 427n, 431, 433n, 477

  Dakota Territory, 161, 176–77, 182, 192, 206, 400

  Dalles, The, 306, 354, 356, 361–62, 406

  Darwin, Charles, 480

  Dearborn, Henry, 62, 64, 84–85, 96, 100, 118, 122, 134–36, 139, 252, 342, 345–47, 411, 423–26, 441, 450–56

  Dearborn River, 252, 271, 385

  Declaration of Independence, 34, 57, 64, 89, 101, 102, 349

  Delassus, Carlos Dehault, 122–23, 129

  Delaware Indians, 450

  Department of Upper Louisiana, 343

  DeSoto, Hernando, 335

  Detroit, 47, 49, 447

  De Voto, Bernard, 352

  Dickerson, Mahlon, 63, 64, 90, 437–38, 439–40, 441

  Dickinson, John, 64

  Dickson, Joseph, 397–99

  Dickson, William, 476–77

  Dillon, Richard, 67

  Dorion, Pierre, Sr., 146–47, 161–64, 402

  Drouillard, George, 159, 198, 211, 213, 246, 261, 268–81, 366, 412, 416

  as interpreter, 119, 168–69, 171, 187, 268–71, 286, 306, 358, 361–62, 389, 424

  ML and, 118–19, 126, 131, 220–22, 231, 235, 251, 260, 313, 316–17, 335, 385

  murder trial of, 446

  as woodsman and guide, 118–19, 126, 136, 145, 161, 193, 221, 228, 237, 243, 246, 264–66, 274–81, 317, 327, 365, 371–73, 375, 384–92, 424

  Dunbar, William, 349, 352

  Dunmore, Lord, 19

  East India Company, 407

  Eisenhower, Dwight D., 81

  elections:

  of 1801, 50, 63

  of 1804, 66, 115, 401

  Electoral College, 50

  electricity, 364

  Elements of Botany (Barton), 91

  Elements of Mineralogy (Kirwan), 91

  Eliott, Lieutenant, 45

  Ellicott, Andrew, 87–88

  Enlightenment, 34, 71, 81, 127, 197, 203, 280, 288, 333, 421, 481

  Eustis, William, 462, 466, 468–69, 478

  Evans, John, 125, 137

  Everitt, Charles, 27

  Fallen Timbers, Battle of, 39, 41, 43, 46

  Federalist Party, 45, 48–50, 61, 62, 65–66, 78–79, 93, 115, 447

  army officers in, 49, 61–62, 429

  expedition ridiculed by, 410

  High Federalist faction of, 48, 79

  Louisiana Purchase opposed by, 78–79, 101–2, 126

  Ffirth, S., 113

  Field, Joseph, 105, 149, 153, 220–21, 223, 235, 237, 243, 255, 318, 381, 385, 387–92, 424

  Field, Reubin, 105, 129, 130, 166, 243, 255, 298, 316, 366, 380, 385, 387–392, 424

  First Continental Congress, 19

  Fisher, Vardis, 477

  Flathead Indians, 206, 209, 271, 282, 289, 367

  Flora (Pursh), 433n

  Florida, 102, 153

  Floyd, Charles, 105, 118, 131, 160–61, 401

  Forest Service, U.S., 266n, 374n

  Fort Adams, 100, 472

  Fort Bellefontaine, 403, 453

  Fort Benton, 228n, 230n, 266n

  Fort Chipewyan, 73, 74

  Fort Clatsop, 317–36, 351, 353, 366, 375, 414, 474

  security and discipline of, 319–20, 321–25

  structures and furnishings of, 318, 319, 321, 333

  Fort Defianc
e, 43–44

  Fort Fork, 73

  Fort Kaskaskia, 100, 122, 129

  Fort Mandan, 23, 28, 186–210, 245, 288, 331, 352, 353, 424, 483

  Fort Massac, 100, 118–19

  Fort Osage, 457

  Fort Pickering, 471–72

  Fox Indians, 450, 454–56

  France, 37, 48, 61, 71, 72, 93, 102

  Jefferson as foreign minister to, 69

  see also Louisiana Purchase; Paris

  Frankfort Argus of Western America, 476

  Frankfort Western World, 412

  Franklin, Benjamin, 64, 364

  Fraser River, 73, 75

  Frazier, Robert, 130, 193, 255, 415–16, 417, 427, 428–29

  Frederick the Great, King of Prussia, 147

  Freemasonry, 47, 453

  French and Indian War, 68

  French Revolution, 45

  Freneau, Philip, 64

  Fulton, Robert, 121, 410

  fur trade, 69, 75, 78, 94–95, 123, 125, 145, 146, 154, 179, 205–6, 208, 303, 334, 340, 346–47

  ML’s plan for, 377–78, 407–9, 414, 420, 425, 442–44, 454, 459, 460–462

  Gallatin, Albert, 64, 78, 80, 91, 94, 258, 342–43, 417

  Gamble, Robert, 449, 483

  Gass, Patrick, 100, 161, 180, 231, 243, 260, 261, 291, 324, 373, 411, 470

  journal of, 131, 158, 396, 427–28, 480

  George Ill, King of England, 53

  Georgia, 28, 35, 47

  Gibson, George, 105, 161, 235, 318, 325–26

  Gilmer, George R., 21, 24

  Gilmer, “Peachy,” 27, 29, 64

  Gilmer, Thomas, 26, 27

  Gilmer, Thornton, 60

  Glacier National Park, 222, 235n, 386

  Goforth, William, 115

  Goodrich, Silas, 193, 235, 236, 237, 319, 325

  Grand River, 205

  Gratiot, Charles, 125, 136, 138

  Gravelines, Joseph, 179, 182, 183–84, 198, 209–10, 402

  Gray, Robert, 37, 54, 70

  Great Britain, 35, 38, 39, 91

  exploration and trade development by, 70, 73–77, 94, 102, 407, 442–44

  U.S. relations with, 48, 57–58, 61, 102, 401, 437, 442–44, 451, 452, 459

  Great Lakes, 51

  Great Osage Indians, 450–51, 457

  Great Plains, 55, 205, 216–18, 361, 381, 402

  Great Slave Lake, 73

  Greece, ancient, 33, 53

  Greene, Griffin, 112

  Greenville, Treaty of, 45, 156

  Greenwich, 74, 119–20, 386

  Grinder, Mrs., 473–75

  Grinder’s Inn, 473–75, 476

  Gulf of Mexico, 51, 102, 153, 263

  Hall, Hugh, 148–49

  Hamilton, Alexander, 37–40, 66, 101

  expedition supported by, 70

  fatal duel of, 342, 401

  Federalist Party and, 45, 48–50, 66

  as secretary of state, 38

  Hamilton, William, 430

  Hancock, Forrest, 397–99

  Hancock, George, 429, 440

  Hancock, Julia, see Clark, Julia Hancock

  Harmar, Josiah, 38, 69

  Harpers Ferry, Va., 85, 87, 89, 90, 96, 98, 103–4

  Harrison, John, 74

  Harrison, William Henry, 347, 348

  Harvard University, 367

  Harvie, Lewis, 85

  Hassler, Ferdinand, 434

  Hawaiian Islands, 340

  Hawkins, John, 433

  Hawk’s Feather (chief), 180, 181

  Hay (chief), 180–81

  Hay, John, 333n

  Hemmings, Sally “Black Sally,” 66

  Heney, Hugh, 376–78, 397

  Henry, Patrick, 39

  Hidatsa Indians, 182, 183, 187–89, 192, 200, 213, 247, 260, 273, 284, 288, 363, 376, 379, 380

  geographical information conveyed by, 193, 207–9, 221, 228–29, 230, 237, 250, 263

  raids on Shoshone Indians by, 187, 208, 260, 264, 273, 277, 398

  High Federalists, 48, 79

  History of the Expedition Under the Commands of Captains Lewis and Clark, The (Biddle), 480

  History of the Lewis and Clark Journals, A (Cutright), 427n, 433n

  History of Louisiana, or of the Western Parts of Virginia and Carolina, The (Pratz), 76, 91, 432

  History of the United States in the Administration of Thomas Jefferson (Adams), 101

  Hooke, Moses, 99, 135

  Horned Weasel (chief), 188

  House of Representatives, U.S., 50, 422, 424

  Howard, Thomas, 192

  Hudson’s Bay Company, 182, 185, 192, 389

  Idaho Territory, 266, 299, 302

  Illinois Territory, 133, 404–5

  Independence Hall, 433

  Independence National Historical Park, 433

  Indiana Territory, 98, 104, 117–18, 347

  Indians:

  “civilizing” of, 347, 348–49

  communication with, 119, 138, 146–147, 155, 156, 168–69, 171, 173, 178–81, 183–85, 187–90, 197, 203–4, 256, 265, 268–73, 303, 337, 358–59

  councils with, 155–64, 168–75, 178–181, 183–85, 277–79, 362–64

  culture and customs of, 90, 93, 94–95, 162–63, 172–73, 178, 182–83, 190, 191, 193–96, 203–4, 269–71, 284–288, 337–41, 365–66

  diseases contracted by, 178, 180, 183, 286, 297, 337, 338, 341, 352

  frontier business trade with, 94, 284, 288, 342–43, 346–47, 348, 376–78, see also fur trade

  gift-giving and trade with, 84, 88, 133, 137, 148, 155, 157–58, 160, 169, 179–80, 182, 185, 187, 188, 199–200, 255, 265, 268–69, 278–79, 280–83, 299, 314–15, 334–35, 339, 362, 364–65, 423

  guidance and help from, 289–91, 293, 297–98, 302, 341, 373–75, 378–80

  hostile encounters with, 170–74, 193, 387–94, 474

  Jefferson’s policy toward, 124, 154–55, 170, 171, 185, 288, 324, 342–43, 346–50, 351–52, 397, 455–56

  Lewis’s diplomacy with, 178–85, 189–190, 193–200, 206–11, 268–83, 286, 287, 303–4, 321, 324–25, 337, 343, 346–47, 354–65, 397, 405, 450–51

  as “noble savages,” 55

  petty theft by, 304, 307, 310, 314, 321, 335, 337, 354–57, 384, 396–397, 398

  status of women among, 285, 286, 338, 340

  warfare among, 172–73, 178–81, 188–189, 193, 284–85, 398–99

  Washington, D.C., delegations of, 126, 130, 133, 136, 137, 200–201, 342–343, 345–46, 350, 351–52, 363, 366, 377–78, 399, 400, 402, 417, 420

  see also specific tribes

  Internal Provinces of New Spain, 345

  Iowa Indians, 450, 454–55

  Irvin, William, 86

  Irving, Washington, 445–46

  Jackson, Andrew, 437

  Jackson, Donald, 54–55, 96, 97, 137, 140, 226, 254–55, 344, 412, 420–421, 480

  James, Thomas, 413

  James River, 161

  Jarrot, Nicholas, 122, 123

  Jay, John, 39

  Jay’s Treaty, 39, 41, 43, 48

  Jefferson, Martha, see Randolph, Martha Jefferson

  Jefferson, Peter, 21, 30, 68

  Jefferson, Thomas, 26, 39, 278, 330–34, 336

  charm and erudition of, 28, 34, 54–55, 63

  childhood and adolescence of, 30–31

  coast to coast “Empire of Liberty” vision of, 33, 56–58, 77, 102, 349–350

  congressional reports of, 205, 346, 351, 411, 418

  contemporary opinion on, 34, 63, 64

  correspondence of ML and, 59–60, 116–17, 123, 126, 405, 417, 436, 451–52

  criticism of, 352, 410, 423

  cross-continental water route sought by, 55, 71, 94, 331–33, 407

  expeditions sponsored by, 37, 68–71, 73, 75–98, 100–104, 348, 349–50

  as foreign minister to France, 69

  foreign policy of, 71–73, 78–79, 101–102, 437

  Indian-language interest of, 55, 203–4

  Indian policy of, 12
4, 154–55, 170, 171, 185, 288, 324, 342–43, 346–350, 351–52, 397, 455–56

  inventions of, 53

  as landowner and host, 32–35, 57, 62–64

  on Lewis family, 20–23, 63, 477

  Louisiana Purchase and, 72–73, 78–79, 96

  marriage and family of, 32–33, 36, 62, 426

  memoir-biography of ML by, 481

  on ML, 24, 27, 30, 32, 37, 49, 63, 76, 79, 81, 141, 201, 311, 343, 477, 484

  ML as private secretary to, 59–67, 75–79, 85, 320, 410, 447

  ML’s relationship with, 25, 31, 35, 37, 59–67, 70, 74–79, 85–88, 154, 200–201, 216, 311, 320, 417–21, 426–27, 441, 451–52, 466–67

  ML’s reports to, 91, 112, 115–16, 123–27, 196, 200, 203–10, 211, 284, 333–34, 344, 350–51, 405–412

  ML’s studies with, 67, 76–77, 79–81, 120, 126, 150, 254, 263

  presidency of, 35, 50–67, 71–73, 75–102, 115–17, 136, 181, 200–201, 259, 401–3, 407–12, 459, 481

  Republican Party and, 45, 48, 49, 73, 408

  retirement of, 466, 476–79

  sexual misconduct and miscegenation charged to, 65–66

  slavery and, 34–37, 57, 458–59

  State of the Union Address of, 65

  visits of Indian chiefs to, 126, 130, 133, 136, 137, 200–201, 342–43, 345–46, 350–52, 363, 366, 377–78, 399, 400, 402, 417, 420

  writings of, 34, 35, 57, 204, 280

  Jefferson River, 259–60, 263, 272, 273, 276, 370, 484

  Jessaume, René, 184, 186, 187–88, 197, 203–4, 398–99, 448

  Jessaume, Toussaint, 448

  Johnson, Samuel, 34

  Jones, John Paul, 69

  Jordan, Winthrop, 36

  Joseph (chief), 301

  Journals of the Lewis & Clark Expedition, The (Moulton, ed.), 108n–9n

  Judith River, 227, 417

  Jumping Fish, 277, 279

  Kansas, 115

  Kansas Indians, 149

  Kansas River, 115, 141, 144, 147, 213, 402

  Karsmizki, Ken, 248n

  Kentucky, 19, 37, 42, 47–48, 51, 54, 55, 71, 97, 114–15, 130, 144, 325, 347, 412, 413, 449, 450

  Kickapoo Indians, 128, 450

  Kiowa Indians, 182

  Kirwan, Richard, 91

  Knife River, 186

  Knox, Henry, 69

  Knoxville, Tenn., 51

  Labiche, Francis, 138, 146, 159, 277, 316, 358, 417, 424

  Lacépède, Bernard, 425

  Lake Athabaska, 73

  Lake of the Woods, 116n

  Lancaster, 86–87

  La Pérouse, Jean-François de Galaup, Comte de, 69, 77

  Large, Arlen, 121, 122, 249, 352, 386, 413

  Larocque, François-Antoine, 185–86, 188, 192

  Lavender, David, 352

  Leander, 401

  Le Borgne (One Eye) (chief), 183, 398

  Ledyard, John, 69

  Lemhi Pass, 266n, 271, 273–74, 278, 279, 281, 370, 376, 483