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    Undaunted Courage

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      Lepage, Baptiste, 213, 231, 297

      Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania (Dickinson), 64

      Letters of the Lewis and Clark Expedition (Jackson, ed.), 480

      Lewis, Colonel Robert, 21

      Lewis, Fielding, 21

      Lewis, Meriwether:

      accidental shooting of, 395–98, 399–400, 484

      anger of, 355, 358, 391–92, 482

      Army career of, 37–43, 45–48, 49–50, 59–61, 97

      birth of, 19, 20, 22

      botanical and wildlife knowledge of, 25, 32, 37, 67, 76–77, 79, 90–91, 126–27, 141, 150–51, 152–53, 235, 268n, 329–31, 409–10, 432–35

      burial place of, 476n

      celestial observations of, 87, 119–20, 148, 166, 184, 221, 251, 259, 280, 386, 434, 482

      childhood and adolescence of, 22–30

      compensation and reward of, 425

      courage of, 24, 25, 27, 484

      courtships of, 422, 429, 437–38, 439–440, 441, 449

      debts incurred by, 416, 435–36, 439, 457, 460, 465–66, 468–70, 472, 478

      depressions of, 63, 311–12, 440–41, 471–75, 477

      Detachment Orders of, 141, 144–46

      drinking habits of, 31–32, 312, 436–437, 440, 441, 460, 471, 473, 483

      education and training of, 25–29, 67, 76–77, 79–81, 84, 87–88, 89–92, 100, 120, 126

      elite political connections of, 63–64, 66–67, 90

      ethnology of, 284–88, 337–41

      failed iron-frame boat experiment of, 84–86, 210, 228, 242–50

      family background of, 20–24

      financial accounting of, 209, 435–36, 439

      frontier skills and hunting of, 24–25, 30, 50, 76, 80–81, 90, 126, 166–68, 177

      fur trade plan of, 377–78, 407–9, 414, 420, 425, 442–44, 454, 459, 460–62

      as governor of Louisiana Territory, 425, 429, 436, 440–70, 483

      horsemanship of, 30, 50, 115, 122, 188, 190

      horses acquired from Indians by, 279, 281–83, 290, 352, 354, 356, 361–362, 365, 369

      idealism of, 31, 280

      illnesses of, 119, 235, 299–302, 358, 426, 441, 453, 460

      impact of success and idleness on, 436–438, 440–41

      Indian diplomacy of, 178–85, 189–90, 193–200, 206–11, 268–83, 286, 287, 303–4, 321, 324–25, 343, 346–47, 354–65, 397, 405, 450–51

      introspection and self-criticism of, 280

      journals of, 67, 76, 95, 96, 108–10, 119, 138, 150, 166–68, 196, 197, 200, 212, 213, 217, 225, 227–28, 239, 243, 245, 247–50, 255–56, 259, 279–80, 284–88, 294, 297, 320, 328–31, 336, 337–41, 353, 367, 370–71, 372, 378, 414–16, 417, 420–21, 426, 431–32, 452, 467, 469, 471, 473, 478–81

      land speculation of, 42, 47–48, 439, 447, 450, 454, 483

      last will and testament of, 471

      leadership qualities of, 129, 141, 144–146, 192, 233, 272–73, 298–99, 404, 411, 441, 481–83

      as Mason, 47, 453

      medical practices of, 196–97, 223, 235, 241–42, 243, 259, 260, 325–26, 364

      natural-history specimens collected by, 127, 137, 141, 150, 152–53, 177–178, 204, 206–7, 218, 226, 268, 330, 350, 367, 409, 417, 429–30, 432–33

      new species of plants and animals discovered by, 151, 165, 166, 297, 404n, 432–33

      perseverance and self-possession of, 27, 29, 31, 272, 484

      physical appearance of, 27, 117

      as planter and head of household, 28–32, 37, 47–48, 100, 138, 205, 355

      politics of, 45, 49–50, 60–61, 115, 117

      portraits and wax figure of, 418, 433

      as presidential secretary, 59–67, 75–79, 85, 320, 410, 447

      roving penchant of, 27, 37, 39, 43, 47, 50

      scant attention to mineral deposits by, 254

      suicide of, 475–78, 479, 481

      suicide attempts of, 471–72

      TJ’s letter of credit for, 306, 314, 452

      traveling library of, 91, 226, 432

      wild animal encounters of, 238–39

      writing style of, 67, 108–10, 167–68, 237

      see also Lewis and Clark

      Lewis, Nicholas, 22, 25, 27

      Lewis, Reuben, 22, 27, 28, 41, 42, 201

      ML’s relationship with, 26, 47, 343–344, 350, 440, 441, 454, 457, 462

      Lewis, Robert (Lewis’s ancestor), 20–21

      Lewis, Robert (Lewis’s cousin), 26

      Lewis, Thomas, 21

      Lewis, William, 21–22, 43, 63, 311

      Lewis and Clark:

      co-command of, 97–99, 104, 127, 135

      complementary qualities of, 97

      decision making of, 230–35, 243, 245–246, 255–56, 261–62, 315–16, 371–72, 404

      differences of opinion between, 249, 255–56, 261, 315–16, 327

      early Army association of, 46, 97

      friendship and trust of, 97, 98, 104, 115, 134, 298, 411, 441, 448, 457

      joyful return and reception of, 403, 412, 413–14, 417–23

      naming of rivers by, 149, 161, 169n, 222, 227, 229, 242, 252, 258–59, 289, 298, 417, 484

      plants named for, 433n

      separations risked by, 294–99, 305, 313–14, 318, 356, 376–77

      traders encountered by, 397–99, 401–403

      Lewis and Clark College, 484

      Lewis and Clark Expedition:

      arms and ammunition on, 84–85, 89, 127–28, 145, 154, 155, 164, 245, 283, 300, 306, 334

      auction of artifacts from, 416, 432

      canoes of, 210, 212, 249–50, 251, 301

      costs of, 93, 96–97, 130, 435–36

      flora and fauna seen on, 130, 133, 140, 149, 150–51, 152–54, 165–68, 176–78, 203, 216–19, 223–24, 228, 232, 238–39, 244, 251–52, 297, 421

      horses killed for food on, 293–94, 297

      Indian guides used on, 289–91, 293, 297–98, 302, 373–75, 378–80

      Indian policy of, 154–64, 170, 171

      justice and punishment on, 130, 148–150, 159, 181–82, 192

      keelboat and pirogues of, 98, 103–7, 110–11, 118, 130, 136, 139–41, 144–46, 152, 167, 169, 191, 202, 210, 211

      maps produced on, 137, 207, 331, 336, 350, 351, 398, 406, 410–11, 420, 431–32

      ML offered command of, 76–77, 79, 80

      newspaper accounts of, 350, 412–13, 419–20, 426–27

      notes lost from, 141, 166–67, 168

      oral accounts of, 412–14, 416

      origins of, 68–79

      political consequences of, 342–52

      preparation for, 76–107

      published maps and documents of, 351, 406, 479–80

      purposes of, 81, 94, 95–96, 116, 144, 185, 186

      rumors about loss of, 403

      scientific observations and notes of, 150–51, 152–53, 166, 191, 203–10, 226, 297, 329–31, 404, 421

      security measures on, 145, 149–50, 154, 169–71, 173–74, 184, 187, 192–93

      Spanish plot against, 344–45

      supplying of, 84–90, 92, 99, 113, 122, 123, 125–26, 127–28, 130, 133–34, 137, 210

      TJ’s instructions for, 81, 87, 89, 93–96, 98, 102, 116–17, 123, 126, 154, 161, 170, 221–22, 254, 292, 330–31, 369

      WC offered co-command of, 97–99

      winter of 1804–5 and, 190–202, 308

      winter of 1805–6 and, 317–36

      see also Corps of Discovery

      Lewis and Clark Pass, 252n, 292, 381n

      Lewis and Clark: Pioneering Naturalists (Cutright), 330–31, 404n

      Lewis and Clark River, 316–17

      Library Company, 432

      Lincoln, Abraham, 54

      Lincoln, Levi, 64, 93

      Linnaeus, 76, 91, 226

      Lisa, Manuel, 125–26, 128, 134, 136n, 343, 416, 446, 454

      Little Osage Indians, 451, 457

      Little Raven (chief), 183

      Little Thief (chief), 156, 158–60, 343

      Livingston, Robert, 72–73, 79

      Locust Hill, 21, 23, 25, 27–3
    2, 37, 41, 42, 47–48, 64, 418, 439

      Logan, George, 64, 90

      Lolo Hot Springs, 292–93, 373

      Lolo Trail, 266n, 359, 367–78, 380, 404–5, 414, 482

      London, 39, 74, 334, 351, 407

      Lord Dunmore’s War, 19

      Lorimier, Louis, 121–22

      Lost Tribe of Israel, 90, 154

      Louisiana Purchase, 101–2, 114, 116, 124, 136, 145, 348, 349, 363, 408, 425n, 442, 484

      formal transfer of power in, 126, 129–130

      negotiation for, 72–73, 78–79, 96

      political opposition to, 78–79, 101–2, 126, 481

      price of, 78–79

      Louisiana Territory, 55–57, 70–73, 345, 401

      ML as governor of, 425, 429, 436, 440–70, 483

      Spain and, 41, 55–58, 70–72, 77, 93–94, 102, 129

      WC as superintendent of Indian affairs for, 426, 448, 450, 484

      see also New Orleans; Territory of Orleans; Upper Louisiana

      Louisville, Ky., 104, 114, 117, 118, 346, 457–58

      Louis XVI, king of France, 69, 77

      Loyal Land Company, 68

      Lukens, Isaiah, 108

      McClallen, John, 402–3

      McClellan, Robert, 402

      McCracken, Hugh, 185

      Mackay, Alexander, 73

      Mackay, James, 125

      McKean, Thomas, 64, 77, 90

      Mackenzie, Alexander, 73–75, 77, 428

      MacKenzie, Charles, 185, 186, 188, 190, 192, 203–4

      McMahon, Bernard, 429–30, 432

      McNeal, Hugh, 264–66, 274, 276, 325n

      Madison, Dolley, 62–63

      Madison, James, 62, 64, 93, 258, 436, 452, 462, 466, 471–72

      Madoc, Prince, 290

      Magellan, Ferdinand, 139

      Majors, Harry, 289

      Malone, Dumas, 25, 63, 350, 422, 423, 481

      Mandan Indians, 80, 102, 106, 154, 166, 178–81, 182–201, 284, 344, 350, 378, 398–99

      Arikara Indians and, 178–85, 189–90, 398

      ceremonial and social life of, 182, 184, 193–96, 204, 341

      horsemanship of, 183, 190, 195–96

      Lewis and Clark relations with, 178–181, 183–85, 189–90, 193–200, 206, 207, 210–11, 341

      trading customs of, 166, 182, 185, 199

      Mardi Gras, 445–46

      Marias River, 233–34, 247, 249, 294, 370, 376–77, 482

      exploration of, 384–86, 393–94, 404, 414, 481

      Marietta, Ohio, 112, 114

      Marks, John, 22, 24, 27, 32, 42, 43, 47–48

      Marks, John Hastings, 22, 28–29, 46–47, 100, 439, 454, 478

      Marks, Lucy Meriwether Lewis, 21–24, 36, 344, 352, 401, 411, 471, 477

      character and personality of, 22–24, 439

      family background of, 21

      herbal knowledge of, 23, 25, 90

      ML’s correspondence with, 23, 25–26, 27–28, 41, 42–43, 45, 46–47, 99–100, 197, 203, 453–54

      ML’s relationship with, 23, 25–28, 47–48, 64, 418, 439

      Marks, Mary Garland, 22, 28–29, 100, 454

      Marquette, Jacques, 333

      Marshall, Thomas Maitland, 102

      Martínez de Yrujo, Carlos, 77

      Maryland, 38, 103

      Massachusetts, 19

      Matthews, John, 24

      Maury, James, 46

      Maury, Matthew, 26, 30, 46

      Medicine River, 208, 238–39, 243, 292, 381

      Memphis, Tenn., 128, 471

      Meriwether, Colonel Nicholas, 21, 25

      Meriwether, Nicholas, II, 21

      Meriwether, William D., 26, 479

      Michaux, André, 37, 70–71

      Mississippi, 35

      Mississippi River, 37, 51, 52, 54–57, 67, 68–71, 78, 80, 97–98, 100–102, 116, 120, 136, 206

      ascent of, 106, 120–22, 301

      confluence of rivers with, 84, 118–19, 131, 204

      Missouri Gazette, 453, 454, 459, 469–70, 484n

      Missouri Historical Society, 433n

      Missouri Indians, 155, 205, 343

      Missouri River, 55–56, 61, 67, 68–71, 76–78, 80, 84, 94, 97–99, 106, 407–9

      ascent of, 103, 111, 114, 115, 131, 137–90, 213–67, 272, 333, 345

      breaks area of, 226, 230n

      confluence of rivers with, 131, 150, 187, 204, 207–8, 221–22, 230–31, 245

      descent of, 354, 370, 376

      Great Bend of, 80, 92, 400

      Great Falls of, 230, 234–39, 242, 245, 247, 250–52, 272, 312, 333, 353, 367, 370, 375, 381

      portage, 230, 237, 239–40, 241–45, 272, 375, 376, 384

      source of, 266, 280, 351

      Three Forks area of, 187, 208, 222, 255, 257, 290, 312, 370, 474

      White Cliffs area of, 226–29, 230n, 312

      Monongahela River, 51

      Monroe, James, 66, 70, 78, 79

      Montana, University of, 380

      Montana Territory, 221–22, 226, 380–381

      Monticello, 21, 28, 33–34, 52, 53, 62, 64, 120, 418, 425, 429, 433, 436, 455

      expedition plants and artifacts at, 268n, 350, 417, 418, 436

      Indian Hall of, 350, 417

      library of, 67, 76–77

      TJ’s retirement at, 466, 476–79

      Montreal, 73, 179, 378, 407

      Morgan, Daniel, 41

      Morris, Robert, 37, 70

      Moulton, Gary, 108n–9n, 109, 110, 187n, 203, 223, 232n, 234n, 268n, 272n, 325n, 362n, 380n, 480

      Mountain Men, 399, 481

      Mount Vernon, 48, 65

      Museum of the Rockies, 248n

      Napoleon I, Emperor of France, 72–73, 78, 101–2, 124, 145

      Nashville, Tenn., 84, 86, 92

      Natchez, Miss., 97, 351

      Natchez Trace, 473, 474, 476n

      National Park Service, 319n

      Nautical Almanac and Astronomical Ephemeris, The, 91

      Navy, U.S., 352

      Nebraska Territory, 161–65

      Neely, James, 472, 473, 476

      New and Complete Dictionary of the Arts and Sciences, A, 226

      New Jersey, 38–39, 437

      Newman, John, 181–82, 193, 209, 424

      New Mexico, 115, 116, 123, 126, 205, 346

      New Orleans, 54, 55, 56, 71–73, 78–79, 92, 96, 125, 126, 137, 345, 350, 442, 445, 447, 484

      New York, N.Y., 52, 351, 401, 445

      New York Evening Post, 66

      New-York Historical Society, 433n

      Nez Percé Indians, 199n, 206, 272, 273, 277, 281, 282, 286, 292–93, 298–304, 311, 333, 353, 354, 357–70, 379–80, 385

      horsemanship of, 303, 334, 359, 361–363, 365–66, 370

      Northern Pacific Railroad, 235n

      North West Company, 73, 75, 170, 182, 185, 186, 187, 192, 208, 222, 376, 389, 397, 407, 442–44

      Northwest Ordinance, 57

      Northwest Passage, 69, 349, 418, 420

      Northwest Territory, 57, 68–69, 75–76, 80–81

      Notes on the State of Virginia (Jefferson), 35, 204

      Oglesby, Richard, 125, 416

      Ohio River, 19–20, 41, 47, 50, 52, 57, 71, 84, 94, 100, 103, 107, 118–19

      descent of, 100, 105–6, 108–15, 117–119, 301, 480

      portage, 108, 110, 112

      Ohio Territory, 38, 43, 45, 47, 54, 55, 56, 97, 325

      Old Toby (Indian guide), 289–91, 293, 297–98, 302, 375, 414, 474

      Omaha Indians, 125, 138, 155, 160, 172–74

      One Eye (Le Borgne) (chief), 183, 398

      Only One Man Died (Chuinard), 241n, 364n

      Ordway, John, 128–29, 130, 131–32, 133, 145, 148, 150, 158, 180, 181, 191, 220, 376, 393, 394, 417

      journal of, 335, 396, 434–35

      Oregon Historical Society Museum, 234n

      Oregon River, 94, 98, 116

      Oregon Territory, 58, 67, 102, 170, 319, 345n, 378, 405

      Osage Indians, 127, 450, 455

      Washington, D.C., visits of, 126, 130, 133, 136, 137, 200–201, 342–43, 417

      see also Great Osage In
    dians; Little Osage Indians

      Osage River, 125, 137, 141, 343, 408, 443, 450

      Oto Indians, 153, 155–60, 204–5, 343, 344n, 345, 352

      Ottawa Indians, 19

      Pacific Ocean, 23, 37, 55, 68, 70–71, 74–77, 84, 94, 98, 122–23

      coastal areas of, 56, 70, 75, 80, 95

      Paine, Thomas, 64

      Paris, 69, 72–73, 79, 410

      Paris, Treaty of, 70

      Parker, Thomas, 87

      Partisan, the (chief), 169–71, 174

      Passage Through the Garden: Lewis and Clark and the Image of the American Northwest (Allen), 75

      Patterson, Robert, 81, 87–88, 91, 111

      Patterson, William, 111

      Pawnee Indians, 343

      Peace River, 73

      Peale, Charles Willson, 64, 350, 418, 433, 479

      Peale’s Museum, 418, 433

      Pennsylvania, 38–41, 64

      Pennsylvania, University of, 90, 91, 113, 479

      Penrose, Clement, 469

      Pernier, John, 453, 460, 471, 473–75, 476

      Philadelphia, Pa., 19, 37, 51, 52, 63, 64, 79, 81, 85–92, 98, 103, 119–20, 126–27, 350, 409–10, 429–38

      Philadelphia Museum, 418

      Piegan Indians, 387–94

      Pike, Zebulon, 402

      Pinckney, Charles, 452

      Pittsburgh, Pa., 41, 47, 51, 59, 85, 92, 99, 102–3, 105, 111, 346

      Pittsburgh Gazette, 412, 427

      Pizarro, Francisco, 335

      Platte River, 141, 144, 150, 155, 157, 201, 204–5, 221, 344, 402

      Poland, 69

      Ponca Indians, 155

      Potomac River, 21, 51

      Potts, John, 148, 416

      Practical Introduction to Spherics and Nautical Astronomy, A, 91

      Pratz, Antoine Simor Le Page du, 76, 91, 432

      President, 401

      President’s House, 59, 62–64, 67, 77, 80, 120, 311, 320, 333, 343, 350, 410, 420, 422–23, 430

      Preston, William, 449–50

      Princeton College, 479

      Prospect Before Us, The (Callender), 65

      Provenchere, Peter, 465

      Pryor, Nathaniel, 105, 118, 131, 148, 161–62, 231, 318, 376, 377, 396–397, 426, 448, 451, 461–62

      Pursh, Frederick, 432–33

      Quaife, Milo, 480

      Quebec, 179, 185

      Quebec Act of 1774, 19–20

      railroads, 53, 484

      Randolph, Martha Jefferson, 53, 63, 426

      Randolph, Thomas Mann, 426

      Rannie, 64

      Raven Man (chief), 183

      Red River, 342, 349, 402

      Reed, Moses B., 158–59, 161, 181, 209

      Regulations for the Order and Discipline of the Troops of the United States (Steuben), 44, 45

      Republican Party, 48–49, 50, 60–62, 64, 65–66, 79, 117, 429

      TJ and, 45, 48, 49, 73, 408

      Richard, 401

     
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