The Bully Pulpit

  “The one condition”: Sullivan, Our Times, Vol. 2, p. 438.

  it would be the original architect: Wellman, “The Inside History of the Coal Strike,” Collier’s, Oct. 18, 1902.

  Root would make it clear: Jessup, Elihu Root, Vol. 1, p. 275.

  “It was a damned lie”: Ibid., p. 276.

  “was one of the”: Wellman, “The Settlement of the Coal Strike,” American Monthly Review of Reviews (November 1902).

  the composition of the panel: TR to Winthrop Crane, Oct. 22, 1902, in LTR, Vol. 3, p. 359.

  “Suddenly . . . accept with rapture”: TR, An Autobiography, p. 468.

  For three months the commission heard: Public Opinion, Dec. 18, 1902.

  “The American people . . . triumph of peace”: Public Opinion, Oct. 23, 1902.

  “was won by popular”: Ibid.

  “the people’s attorney”: WAW, “The President,” Saturday Evening Post, April 4, 1903.

  “steady pressure”: Public Opinion, Oct. 23, 1902.

  “was all ready to . . . in less drastic fashion”: TR, An Autobiography, pp. 475–76.

  “My dear sir”: TR to J. P. Morgan, Oct. 16, 1902, in LTR, Vol. 3, p. 353.

  “May Heaven preserve me”: TR to ARC, Oct. 16, 1902, in TR, Letters from Theodore Roosevelt to Anna Roosevelt Cowles, p. 254.

  “Mother and I”: TR to Kermit Roosevelt, Nov. 6, 1902, in LTR, Vol. 3, p. 374.

  “doomed to failure . . . thousands of votes”: “Progress of the World,” American Monthly Review of Reviews (November 1902).

  “a steady stream . . . samples of rugs”: Seale, The President’s House: A History, Vol 2, p. 674.

  designing a garden . . . and a tennis court: Morris, EKR, pp. 248, 254.

  “If Roosevelt had”: Ellen Maury Slayden, Washington Wife: Journal of Ellen Maury Slayden from 1897–1919 (New York: Harper & Row, 1963), p. 46.

  “remarkable coping . . . and start again”: Mac Keith Griswold, “First Lady Edith Kermit Roosevelt’s ‘Colonial Garden’ at the White House,” White House History, No. 23, p. 5.

  “She is an old-fashioned”: New York Herald Tribune, Oct. 30, 1932.

  “By nature and inclination . . . dignity and charm”: Isabella Hagner James, “Memoirs of Isabella Hagner, 1901–1905,” White House History, No. 26, p. 63.

  She was “at home” . . . at afternoon teas: Logansport [IN] Journal, Dec. 13, 1902.

  “the chief end”: Riis, “Mrs. Roosevelt and Her Children,” Ladies’ Home Journal (August 1902), p. 5.

  “For the first time”: Newark [OH] Advocate, Nov. 10, 1902.

  immediate access to the president . . . and telephones: Fort Wayne [IN] News, Nov. 10, 1902.

  “The public man”: Newark [OH] Advocate, Nov. 10, 1902.

  “had any right . . . the given conditions”: TR to Maria Longworth Storer, Dec. 8, 1902, in LTR, Vol. 3, p. 392.

  “It is very curious . . . uniformly good-natured”: Bishop, Theodore Roosevelt and His Time, Vol. 1, p. 240.

  a mid-November bear hunt . . . in honor of Teddy Roosevelt: New York Sun, Nov. 15, 1902; NYT, Nov. 19, 1902.

  “I’d rather be elected . . . Hanna and that crowd”: Pringle, Theodore Roosevelt: A Biography, p. 339.

  “I do not think”: Woodland [CA] Daily Democrat, Nov. 24, 1902.

  “the monied interests” . . . opposition party: Ottumwa [IA] Daily Courier, Jan. 9, 1903.

  the vehement reaction: TR to Lucius N. Littauer, Oct. 24, 1901, in LTR, Vol. 3, p. 181.

  “Social equality”: Public Opinion, Oct. 31, 1901, p. 556.

  “The action of President”: Ben Tillman, in Dewey W. Grantham, Jr., “Dinner at the White House,” Tennessee Historical Quarterly (June 1958), p. 117.

  “not nearly so strong”: Sandusky [OH] Daily Star, Dec. 3, 1902.

  “The plain people . . . against the trusts”: TR, “Second Annual Message,” Dec. 2, 1902, in WTR, Vol. 15, pp. 140–41, 144.

  “It appears that”: Indiana [PA] Democrat, Dec. 3, 1902.

  “a very lame message”: Cincinnati Enquirer, cited in Racine [WI] Journal, Dec. 5, 1902.

  “A milk and water”: Indiana [PA] Democrat, Dec. 3, 1902.

  “We are bound to believe”: New York Evening Post, cited in Racine Journal, Dec. 5, 1902.

  CHAPTER ELEVEN: “The Most Famous Woman in America”

  “groundbreaking trio”: David M. Chalmers, The Muckrake Years (New York: D. Van Nostrand Co., 1974), p. 24.

  “Capitalists, workingmen . . . but all of us”: McClure, “Concerning Three Articles in This Number of McClure’s, and a Coincidence That May Set Us Thinking,” McClure’s (January 1903), p. 336.

  “A lesser editor”: Lyon, Success Story, p. 204.

  “shameful facts . . . to the American pride”: Boston Daily Globe, May 22, 1904.

  “for the first time”: Goldman, Rendezvous with Destiny, p. 74.

  “the greatest success”: Lyon, Success Story, p. 206.

  Editorials . . . praised the quality of the research: Salt Lake Tribune, Jan. 4, 1903; Los Angeles Times, Feb. 15, 1903.

  “Of course”: New York World, cited in Boston Daily Globe, May 22, 1904.

  “prophets crying”: RSB, American Chronicle, p. 183.

  “It is hardly”: Hofstadter, The Age of Reform, pp. 186–87.

  “gradual rise . . . intense human interest”: Wilson, McClure’s Magazine and the Muckrakers, p. 134.

  “The great feature is Trusts . . . a good circulation”: McClure to John S. Phillips, Sept. 14, 1899, McClure MSS.

  While Phillips embraced McClure’s idea: Wilson, McClure’s Magazine and the Muckrakers, p. 136.

  “The Pulpit, the Press”: Frank Norris, The Responsibilities of the Novelist, and Other Literary Essays (New York: Doubleday, Page & Co., 1903), p. 10.

  “the destruction of once”: Benjamin O. Flower, “The Trust in Fiction: A Remarkable Social Novel, The Octopus,” The Arena (May 1902), p. 547.

  “the iron-hearted Power”: Frank Norris, The Octopus: A Story of California (New York: Doubleday, Page & Co., 1910), p. 51.

  “The Octopus is”: Flower, “The Trust in Fiction,” The Arena (May 1902), pp. 547–48.

  “The string of triumphs”: Lyon, Success Story, p. 173.

  McClure overreached: Ibid., p. 166.

  Frank Doubleday . . . six months after it was signed: Ibid., p. 172.

  “raw milk is”: Ronald F. Schmid, The Untold Story of Milk: The History, Politics and Science of Nature’s Perfect Food: Raw Milk from Pasture-Fed Cows (Washington, DC: NewTrends, 2009), p. 76.

  “unmelodious” clamor . . . “rhythmical” sounds: George Miller Beard, American Nervousness: Its Causes and Consequences; a Supplement to Nervous Exhaustion (Neurasthenia) (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1881), p. 106.

  “local horrors”: Ibid., p. 134.

  “the ultracompetitive”: David G. Schuster, “Neurasthenia and a Modernizing America,” Journal of the American Medical Association 290, Nov. 5, 2003, pp. 2327–28.

  “the repulsion . . . and got it”: Cather and McClure, The Autobiography, pp. 254–55.

  “When I get rested . . . worse than ever”: McClure to JSP, Oct. 30, 1900, Phillips MSS.

  “I am simply heart-broken”: McClure to JSP, Oct. 30, 1900, Phillips MSS.

  “The great issue”: Lyon, Success Story, p. 190.

  “the way to handle . . . the oil region”: Cather and McClure, The Autobiography, p. 238.

  “the unfairness of the situation”: Mary Caroline Crawford, “The Historian of Standard Oil,” Public Opinion, May 27, 1905.

  “the bottom had dropped out”: IMT, All in the Day’s Work, p. 204.

  “there must be two . . . the other side”: Crawford, “The Historian of Standard Oil,” Public Opinion, May 27, 1905.

  “the all-seeing eye . . . ruin the magazine”: IMT, All in the Day’s Work, pp. 206–07.

  “the audacity of the thing”: Crawford, “The Historian of Standard Oil,” Public Opinion, May 27, 1905.
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  “Go over”: IMT, All in the Day’s Work, p. 205.

  “Come instantly . . . a good time”: McClure to IMT, Sept. 30, 1901, IMTC.

  Hattie, too, welcomed: Brady, Ida Tarbell, p. 122.

  “You’ve never been there . . . in the Pantheon”: IMT, All in the Day’s Work, p. 206.

  The image . . . incongruous and hilarious: Ibid.

  “I lean on you”: McClure to IMT, Dec. 30, 1901, IMTC.

  he decided to stop . . . Greece for another time: IMT, All in the Day’s Work, p. 206.

  “It was always so . . . wild editor”: LS, The Autobiography, pp. 363, 361.

  “a way to compromise”: Ibid., pp. 363, 364.

  “absolutely incompetent . . . words passed”: Lyon, Success Story, p. 195.

  Mary Bisland . . . wrote a distressed letter: Ibid., pp. 195–96.

  “Things will come out . . . that one hundredth idea!”: IMT to Albert Boyden, April 26, 1902, in ibid., p. 199.

  “a particular industry”: Mary E. Tomkins, Ida M. Tarbell (New York: Twayne Publishers, 1974), p. 60.

  “exactly the quality”: IMT, All in the Day’s Work, p. 208.

  almost lost her eyesight: Atlanta Constitution, Jan. 11, 1903.

  “turn up” . . . curiously disappeared: IMT, All in the Day’s Work, p. 209.

  “Her sources of information”: Cather and McClure, The Autobiography, p. 239.

  “get his fun . . . a continuous joy”: IMT, All in the Day’s Work, p. 209.

  “was as illustrious a meeting”: Brady, Ida Tarbell, p. 125.

  “Someone once asked me”: Ibid., p. 126.

  “I was a bit scared . . . face to face”: IMT, All in the Day’s Work, p. 212.

  “a heavy shock of . . . the world, I thought”: Ibid., pp. 212–13.

  “documents, figures”: Ibid., p. 215.

  “unimpeachable accuracy”: Cather and McClure, The Autobiography, p. 240.

  “deep into appalling heaps . . . of your story”: August F. Jaccaci to IMT, Nov. 23, 1901, Phillips MSS.

  “hurt your health . . . for next fall”: McClure to IMT, Dec. 2, 1901, IMTC.

  “separated so completely”: IMT to Harriet Hurd McClure, Nov. 8, 1902, McClure MSS.

  “They are in such shape”: IMT to JSP, May 26, 1902, Phillips MSS.

  her deep respect for Phillips’s opinion: Brady, Ida Tarbell, p. 130.

  “be satisfied and thrilled”: Ibid., p. 133.

  “moderately comfortable . . . for the Alps”: IMT to John M. Siddall, June 24, 1902, in ibid., p. 130.

  “irrepressible energy . . . refine for the world”: IMT, “The Birth of an Industry,” McClure’s (November 1902), in IMT and David Mark Chalmers, The History of the Standard Oil Company (Mineola, NY: Dover Books, 1966), pp. 18, 17, 1, 16.

  Rockefeller’s “genius for detail”: IMT, “The Legitimate Greatness of the Standard Oil Company,” McClure’s (October 1904), in ibid., p. 202.

  “in energy, in intelligence”: Ibid., p. 196.

  “You will have but one . . . swooped down”: IMT, “John D. Rockefeller, A Character Study,” McClure’s (July 1905).

  “There is no chance”: IMT, “The Rise of the Standard Oil Company,” McClure’s (December 1902), in IMT and Chalmers, History of the Standard Oil Company, p. 32.

  Within three months, twenty-one: Ibid., p. 33.

  “They were there at the mouth”: Ibid., p. 27.

  “the railroad held its right . . . without discrimination”: IMT, “John D. Rockefeller, A Character Study,” McClure’s (July 1905).

  “from hopelessness . . . for principle”: IMT, “The Great Consummation,” McClure’s (June 1903), in IMT and Chalmers, History of the Standard Oil Company, p. 99.

  “To the man who had begun”: IMT, “The Price of Trust Building,” McClure’s (March 1903), in ibid., p. 66.

  “the quantity, quality”: IMT, “Cutting to Kill,” McClure’s (February 1904), in ibid., p. 123.

  “her firm had a customer”: Ibid., p. 115.

  Of all the machinations: Ibid., p. 124.

  “The unraveling of this espionage”: IMT, “Speech to Rachel Crothers’ Group” [n.d.], IMTC; see also Brady, Ida Tarbell, p. 145.

  “had completed one”: IMT, “The Troubles of a Trust,” McClure’s (March 1904), in IMT and Chalmers, History of the Standard Oil Company, p. 151.

  “competition practically out”: IMT, “The Price of Oil,” McClure’s (September 1904), in ibid., p. 185.

  “Human experience”: Ibid., p. 194.

  “legitimate greatness . . . daring to lay hold of them”: IMT, “The Legitimate Greatness of the Standard Oil Company,” in ibid., p. 196.

  “these qualities alone”: IMT, “Conclusion,” McClure’s (October 1904), in ibid., p. 216.

  “At the same time”: Ibid., pp. 216–17.

  “every great campaign”: Ibid., p. 222.

  “And what are we going . . . Standard Oil Company”: Ibid., p. 227.

  “You are today . . . afraid of you”: McClure to IMT, April 6, 1903, IMTC.

  “a Joan of Arc . . . against trusts and monopolies”: Jeannette L. Gilder, “Some Women Writers,” Outlook, October 1904, p. 281.

  “The New Woman”: Logansport [IN] Pharos, July 26, 1904.

  “At least one American”: Lowell [MA] Sun, June 11, 1904.

  “the strongest intellectual force”: Los Angeles Times, Feb. 14, 1906.

  “proven herself to be”: Washington Times quoted in “On the Making of McClure’s Magazine,” McClure’s (November 1904), p. 107.

  “the woman who talks”: Boston Daily Globe, April 7, 1904.

  “so feminine as to appear”: Brady, Ida Tarbell, p. 157.

  publishers’ dinner: Washington Post, April 8, 1904.

  “It is the first time”: IMT to RSB, April 5, 1904, RSB Papers.

  “that Mr. Rockefeller”: Washington Post, July 8, 1905.

  “Miss Ida Tarbell goes”: Chicago Daily Tribune, Dec. 31, 1902.

  “the net of avarice . . . sordid to benevolent”: Washington Post, Nov. 26, 1905.

  “accumulation of facts . . . in their significance”: Webster City [IA] Tribune, Nov. 27, 1903.

  “intimate style”: Outlook, Oct. 1, 1904.

  “remarkable for being nearly”: Chicago Daily Tribune, Dec. 28, 1903.

  “in a state of lively suspense”: Chicago Daily Tribune, June 8, 1903.

  “She never rants”: Webster City Tribune, Nov. 27, 1903.

  “an almost universal practice”: Chalmers, The Muckrake Years, p. 94.

  “excellent journalism”: Boston Evening Transcript, Jan. 6, 1904.

  “a quiet, modest”: IMT, “John D. Rockefeller: A Character Study, Part Two,” McClure’s (August 1905), p. 397.

  “willing to strain”: Fort Wayne [IN] Journal-Gazette, Feb. 9, 1903.

  “Rockefeller was known”: Alton [IL] Evening Telegraph, Dec. 21, 1904.

  “as expressionless . . . worthy of citizenship”: IMT, “John D. Rockefeller: A Character Study, Part Two,” McClure’s (August 1905), pp. 386, 387, 398.

  “were Mr. Rockefeller”: Ibid., pp. 398–99.

  “no cure”: IMT, “Conclusion,” McClure’s (October 1904), in IMT and Chalmers, History of the Standard Oil Company, p. 222.

  “an increasing scorn”: Ibid.

  board members “closely allied”: Daily Californian (Bakersfield, CA), April 28, 1904.

  “Your monumental work”: McClure to IMT [n.d.], 1904, IMTC.

  “one of the most remarkable”: “On the Making of McClure’s Magazine,” McClure’s (November 1904), p. 107.

  “up to magazines”: Brady, Ida Tarbell, p. 139.

  “that the two things”: Outlook, Oct. 1, 1904.

  “You cannot imagine”: McClure to IMT, Mar. 18, 1903, IMTC.

  “the most genuinely creative”: IMT, All in the Day’s Work, p. 199.

  to compel congressional action against monopolies: Daily Northwestern (Oshkosh, WI), Dec. 23, 1902.

 
“must stand . . . a tower of strength”: Logansport [IN] Journal, Feb. 10, 1903.

  the “only question”: Daily Northwestern, Dec. 23, 1902.

  “no time for anti-trust”: New York Tribune, Jan. 6, 1903.

  “I pass my days”: TR to Kermit Roosevelt, Jan. 17, 1903, in TR et al., Letters to Kermit from Theodore Roosevelt, pp. 24–25.

  “the ancient and honorable . . . the two stools”: Washington Post, Feb. 19, 1903.

  “The party had promised”: Ibid.

  an extra session “on extraordinary occasions”: U.S. Constitution, art. II, sec. 3.

  “While I could not force”: TR to Lawrence Fraser Abbott, Feb. 3, 1903, in LTR, Vol. 3, p. 416.

  That single word, “rebate . . . interests of the country”: Fort Wayne [IN] Journal-Gazette, Feb. 9, 1903.

  “no respectable railroad”: TR to Lawrence Fraser Abbott, Feb. 3, 1903, in LTR, Vol. 3, p. 417.

  By 1903, the railroads themselves actually favored: Gabriel Kolko, Railroads and Regulation, 1877–1916 (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1970), pp. 94–95.

  “grown beyond any effects”: Washington Post, Feb. 8, 1903.

  “the highways of commerce”: TR to Lyman Abbott, Sept. 5, 1903, in LTR, Vol. 3, p. 592.

  “equal rights for all”: Logansport [IN] Journal, Feb. 10, 1903.

  “violent opposition . . . sullenly acquiesced in”: TR to Lawrence Fraser Abbott, Feb. 3, 1903, in LTR, Vol. 3, p. 417.

  “the subconscious moral sense”: WAW, “The Balance-Sheet of the Session,” Saturday Evening Post, Mar. 28, 1903.

  “the first essential . . . overcapitalization”: TR, “First Annual Message,” in NYT, Jan. 4, 1900.

  The amendment . . . the abuses uncovered: Arthur M. Johnson, “Theodore Roosevelt and the Bureau of Corporations,” Mississippi Valley Historical Review 45 (March 1959), p. 576.

  “The Standard Oil Company”: Wall Street Journal, Nov. 28, 1903.

  “a disposition in some quarters”: New York Tribune, Jan. 8, 1903.

  “joked with the girls . . . would never, never do”: Logansport [IN] Pharos, Feb. 18, 1903.

  “I have been worked”: TR to Kermit Roosevelt, Feb. 15, 1903, in TR et al., Letters to Kermit from Theodore Roosevelt, p. 29.

  Singlestick . . . required him to shake left-handed: TR to Kermit Roosevelt, Jan. 25, 1903, in ibid., p. 26.

  “The Most Wounded President”: Minneapolis Journal, Mar. 7, 1903.