The Bully Pulpit

  rode a horse . . . for exercise: TR to Kermit Roosevelt, Feb. 19, 1903, in TR et al., Letters to Kermit from Theodore Roosevelt, p. 30.

  “not suffice”: Boston Traveler, quoted in Hutchinson [KS] News, Feb. 3, 1903.

  a single objective: Ibid.

  with “peremptory” instruction: NYT, Feb. 10, 1903.

  “unalterably opposed”: Logansport [IN] Pharos, Feb. 13, 1903.

  “must be stopped”: Logansport [IN] Pharos, Feb. 10, 1903.

  “We own the Republican party”: Ibid.

  he would surely insist on the extra session: Washington Post, Feb. 8, 1903.

  “a decided sensation”: NYT, Feb. 9, 1903.

  “for fear”: Eau Claire [WI] Leader, Feb. 14, 1903.

  “no surprise . . . nothing more”: Fort Wayne [IN] Journal-Gazette, Feb. 9, 1903.

  “This is no more than . . . promptly to right-about”: Los Angeles Times, Feb. 14, 1903.

  “from the standpoint”: TR to Nicholas M. Butler, Aug. 29, 1903, in LTR, Vol. 3, p. 580.

  “Taken as a whole”: TR to David Bremner Henderson, Mar. 4, 1903, in ibid., p. 438.

  “a great many people . . . consensus of opinion”: TR to Nicholas M. Butler, Aug. 29, 1903, in ibid., p. 580.

  “gotten the trust legislation”: TR to Joseph Bucklin Bishop, Feb. 17, 1903, in ibid., p. 429.

  “not sufficiently far-reaching”: Washington Post, Feb. 19, 1903.

  “no single legislative act . . . will not be retracted”: WAW, “The Balance-Sheet of the Session,” Saturday Evening Post, Mar. 28, 1903.

  CHAPTER TWELVE: “A Mission to Perform”

  Roosevelt embarked . . . upon the longest tour: Boston Daily Globe, April 2, 1903.

  “Look out for”: New York World, April 2, 1903.

  “the handsomest ever”: Washington Times, Mar. 31, 1903.

  This “traveling palace” . . . a rear platform: New York World, April 1, 1903.

  The remaining cars included: Washington Times, Mar. 31, 1903.

  “gave himself very freely . . . have another chance”: John Burroughs, Camping and Tramping with Roosevelt (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1907), pp. 8, 9, 12.

  “to see the President . . . proprietary interest in him”: TR to John Hay, Aug. 9, 1903, in LTR, Vol. 3, pp. 550–51, 555.

  to gain “the people’s trust”: WAW, “Swinging ’Round the Circle with Roosevelt,” Saturday Evening Post, June 27, 1903.

  an array of bizarre gifts: TR to John Hay, Aug. 9, 1903, in LTR, Vol. 3, p. 555; “Survey of the World: End of Mr. Roosevelt’s Tour,” The Independent, June 11, 1903.

  “Great heavens and earth!”: Anaconda [MT] Standard, May 6 & 28, 1903.

  “These were not epoch-making . . . original”: WAW, “Swinging ’Round the Circle with Roosevelt,” Saturday Evening Post, June 27, 1903.

  “the thick of civilization . . . the same ideals”: TR to John Hay, Aug. 9, 1903, in LTR, Vol. 3, p. 548.

  “Roosevelt Gems”: Daily Journal (Salem, OR), May 28, 1903.

  “make a fool wise . . . cannot be done”: TR, “Speech in Aberdeen, S.D., April 7, 1903,” in TR and Alfred H. Lewis, A Compilation of the Messages and Speeches of Theodore Roosevelt, 1901–1905, (New York: Bureau of National Literature and Art, 1906), pp. 263, 265.

  “I do not like”: Daily Journal (Salem, OR), May 28, 1903.

  “Speak softly”: Fort Wayne [IN] Journal-Gazette, April 3, 1903.

  “sudsy metaphors . . . from a clothesline”: WAW, “Swinging ’Round the Circle with Roosevelt,” Saturday Evening Post, June 27, 1903.

  “a square deal . . . rich or poor”: TR, “Speech at Lynn, Mass., August 25, 1902,” in TR and Lewis, A Compilation of the Messages and Speeches, p. 74.

  “They were good enough”: TR, “Speech at Grand Canyon, Ariz., May 26, 1903,” in ibid., p. 328.

  the black troops who fought beside him: Anaconda [MT] Standard, May 28, 1903.

  he elaborated on the concept: Atlanta Constitution, Sept. 8, 1903.

  “We must treat”: Anaconda [MT] Standard, May 27, 1903.

  “a great boy . . . waiting for him to fall”: Desert Evening News (Salt Lake City, UT), Mar. 28, 1903.

  “a man of such abounding”: Burroughs, Camping and Tramping with Roosevelt, pp. 4, 80.

  He arrived at the Grand Canyon: Douglas Brinkley, The Wilderness Warrior: Theodore Roosevelt and the Crusade for America (New York: HarperCollins, 2009), p. 527.

  “Leave it as it is”: Salt Lake Tribune, May 7, 1903; TR, “Speech at Grand Canyon, Ariz., May 6, 1903,” in TR and Lewis, A Compilation of the Messages and Speeches, p. 327.

  “great wonder of nature”: Salt Lake Tribune, May 7, 1903.

  “If Roosevelt had done nothing”: Brinkley, The Wilderness Warrior, p. 528.

  San Lorenzo Valley, home to: Evening Herald (Syracuse, NY), May 12, 1903.

  “I am, oh, so glad”: TR, “Speech at the Big Grove Tree, Santa Cruz, Cal., May 11, 1903,” in TR and Lewis, A Compilation of the Messages and Speeches, p. 360.

  “to protect these mighty”: TR, “Speech at Leland Stanford, Jr., University, Palo Alto, Cal., May 12, 1903,” in ibid., p. 370.

  “a tree which was old . . . higher emotions in mankind”: Ibid., p. 368.

  “the great monarchs of the woods”: Ibid., p. 370.

  “not to preserve forests”: TR, “Speech at the Meeting of the Society of American Foresters, Washington, D.C., March 26, 1903,” in ibid., p. 208.

  “a steady and continuous”: Salt Lake Tribune, May 30, 1903.

  already “seriously depleted”: TR, “Speech at a Meeting of the Society of American Foresters, Washington, D.C., March 26, 1903,” in TR and Lewis, A Compilation of the Messages and Speeches, p. 210.

  “rushing away . . . the flow of streams”: “How Our National Forests Conserve Irrigation and Water Power,” Literary Digest, April 26, 1919, p. 117.

  “a veritable garden of Eden”: Arizona Republican (Phoenix, AZ), May 26, 1903.

  “small irrigated farms”: TR, “Speech at Denver, Colo., May 4, 1903,” in TR and Lewis, A Compilation of the Messages and Speeches, p. 323.

  “We do not ever”: TR, “Speech at Leland Stanford, Jr., University, Palo Alto, Cal., May 12, 1903,” in ibid., p. 370.

  “come into the hands”: Salt Lake Tribune, May 30, 1903.

  THE DAY OF DELIVERANCE: Arizona Republican, May 19, 1903.

  “the greatest in the world”: Arizona Republican, May 26, 1903.

  “make the community”: Reno [NV] Evening Gazette, May 14, 1903.

  The estimated cost of the five projects: The Weekly Gazette (Colorado Springs, CO), July 23, 1903.

  “any other material movement”: TR, “Speech at Grand Canyon, Ariz., May 6, 1903,” in TR and Lewis, A Compilation of the Messages and Speeches, p. 327.

  “a new type . . . a million inhabitants”: TR to John Hay, Aug. 9, 1903, in LTR, Vol. 3, p. 558.

  an “educational effect upon . . . great national forests”: “The President’s Trip and the Forests,” Century Illustrated Magazine (August 1903), pp. 634–35.

  Roosevelt had delivered 265 speeches: “Survey of the World: End of Mr. Roosevelt’s Tour,” The Independent, June 11, 1903.

  “as fresh and unworn”: Burroughs, Camping and Tramping with Roosevelt, p. 61.

  “blossom like a rose”: Minneapolis Journal, July 30, 1903.

  “irrigate no public lands”: Anaconda Standard, May 21, 1903.

  Roosevelt had followed the reporter’s career: RSB, American Chronicle, p. 170.

  short notes commending: TR to RSB, Nov. 4, 1898; Feb. 2, 1900, Baker Papers.

  “We intend to do”: TR to George Hoar, Oct. 17, 1902, in LTR, Vol. 3, p. 354.

  “ammunition for mere”: RSB, American Chronicle, p. 168.

  Baker had finally moved: Ibid., p. 161.

  “never . . . forget”: Ibid.

  “the first desk”: Ibid., p. 162.

  “I actually thought . . . serpent in my new Eden!”: Ibid., p. 163. r />
  “What sort of men”: “Interview with S. S. McClure,” The North American (Philadelphia), Aug. 15, 1905.

  “was generally hostile”: RSB, American Chronicle, p. 166.

  “only one aspect”: Ibid., p. 168.

  the more curious he grew: Ibid., p. 167; TR to Winthrop Crane, Oct. 22, 1902, in LTR, Vol. 3, p. 361.

  Baker sought out people: RSB, American Chronicle, p. 167.

  “low wages”: Ibid., p. 163.

  “singularly steady-headed”: Ibid., pp. 166–67.

  “What men I met”: Ibid., p. 167.

  “Don’t, my dear boy”: McClure to RSB, Nov. 5, 1902, RSB Papers.

  “the feuds in . . . death can heal”: McClure to LS, Nov. 10, 1902, LS Papers; NYT, Nov. 10, 1902.

  “become the most . . . done magnificently!”: McClure to RSB, Nov. 14, 1902, RSB Papers.

  “is beginning to distinguish”: McClure, “Editor’s Note,” in RSB, “The Right to Work: The Story of the Non-Striking Miners,” McClure’s (January 1903), p. 323.

  “the rights of labor . . . even real danger”: RSB, “The Right to Work,” McClure’s (January 1903), p. 323.

  “the best position . . . crushed all family feeling”: Ibid., pp. 334–35.

  “All these things”: Ibid., pp. 327–28.

  clubbed to death: Ibid., pp. 330–33.

  “only a few among scores”: Ibid., p. 336.

  “on fire . . . all winter long”: RSB, American Chronicle, p. 168.

  “Everything has borne out”: McClure to RSB, Jan. 23, 1903, RSB Papers.

  an entire series on labor: Ibid.

  unable “to write fiction”: RSB, American Chronicle, p. 173.

  “a powerful new”: Ibid., p. 179.

  “I doubt whether”: Ibid., p. 169.

  “I have wondered”: Ibid., p. 99.

  “We were friends . . . rewriting his story”: Ibid., pp. 94–95.

  “the Chief . . . she has the punch”: Minneapolis Journal, Feb. 26, 1906.

  “so warmly . . . good sense and humor”: RSB, American Chronicle, pp. 98, 99.

  “Why bother”: Ibid., p. 179.

  a more obscure series: Ibid., pp. 143–45.

  “no sign of living creatures . . . a man’s heart”: RSB, “The Great Southwest. III. Irrigation,” Century Illustrated Magazine (July 1902), p. 361.

  “My dear Mr. Baker”: TR to RSB, June 25, 1903, LTR, Vol. 3, p. 504.

  “get at the exact . . . suspicious in the extreme”: RSB to TR [draft letter, n.d.], RSB Papers.

  “I suppose . . . our getting the proof”: TR to RSB, July 4, 1903, in LTR, Vol. 3, p. 510.

  “I was so eager”: RSB, American Chronicle, p. 170.

  “I was determined”: Ibid.

  “If ever men . . . implacable desert”: RSB, “The Great Southwest. III. Irrigation,” Century Illustrated Magazine (July 1902), pp. 361–63.

  the four men crowded: RSB, Notebook, July 15, 1903, RSB Papers.

  “The President lives”: RSB to J. Stannard Baker, July 16, 1903, RSB Papers.

  “Robust, hearty”: RSB, American Chronicle, p. 171.

  “takes an extraordinary interest”: RSB to J. Stannard Baker, July 16, 1903, RSB Papers.

  “I don’t care”: RSB, American Chronicle, p. 172.

  “on the market at reasonable”: Minneapolis Journal, July 30, 1903.

  “Who is the chief . . . get together on these subjects”: RSB, American Chronicle, p. 172.

  “As the time drew near”: Ibid.

  Baker’s meticulous research . . . cleared Charles Walcott: RSB to Gifford Pinchot, July 17, 1903, RSB Papers.

  Pinchot expressed great satisfaction: Gifford Pinchot to RSB, July 23, 1903, RSB Papers.

  “I am immensely”: TR to RSB, Oct. 15, 1903, TRC.

  Investigating . . . Steffens had unearthed evidence: LS, The Autobiography, p. 521.

  Fuller Construction Company was providing: Wall Street Journal, Oct. 24, 1903.

  “riding about in his cab . . . $1500 or less”: RSB, “The Trust’s New Tool—The Labor Boss,” McClure’s (November 1903), pp. 30–31.

  “starting with no . . . hand of the Trust”: Ibid., pp. 39–40.

  “Curiously enough”: Ibid., p. 41.

  “Worse still”: Ibid., p. 33.

  Jerome finally indicted Parks: Ibid.

  “the need of . . . perpetrated by labor men”: TR to RSB, Oct. 21, 1903, RSB Papers.

  “When I get back East . . . to do so”: RSB to TR, Nov. 10, 1903, TRC.

  “When the corporations”: Wall Street Journal, Oct. 24, 1904.

  John Brooks publicly endorsed: Semonche, Ray Stannard Baker, p. 113.

  flocked . . . “the greatest reporter”: Louis Filler, The Muckrakers (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1993), p. 87.

  “You have gone”: John S. Phillips to RSB, Nov. 10, 1903, RSB Papers.

  “a man can have . . . your perfect honesty”: LS to RSB, Nov. 8, 1903, RSB Papers.

  “were tired at night”: RSB, “The Trust’s New Tool—The Labor Boss,” McClure’s (November 1903), p. 34.

  Neidig . . . built up a following: RSB, “The Lone Fighter,” McClure’s (December 1903), p. 195.

  “We hear of”: RSB, “The Trust’s New Tool—The Labor Boss,” McClure’s (November 1903), p. 35.

  “threatened with”: RSB, “The Lone Fighter,” McClure’s (December 1903), p. 195.

  “The ‘lone fighter’ ”: C. S. Booth to RSB, Dec. 28, 1903, RSB Papers.

  “a true and faithful . . . hands of workingmen”: George O’Kane to RSB, Nov. 1, 1903, RSB Papers.

  “splendid . . . sound and honest basis”: Robert E. Neidig to RSB, Feb. 18, 1904, RSB Papers.

  “My present work”: RSB to J. Stannard Baker, Jan. 31, 1904, RSB Papers.

  “probably doing more”: RSB to J. Stannard Baker, Mar. 27, 1904, RSB Papers.

  CHAPTER THIRTEEN: Toppling Old Bosses

  “mighty little letup . . . kind of a summer”: TR to CRR, Sept. 23, 1903, in LTR, Vol. 3, pp. 604–5.

  “I suppose young girls . . . even in Tammany”: TR to Edward Stanton Martin, July 30, 1903, in ibid., p. 535.

  “little mother . . . comforts to her”: TR to EKR, Nov. 14, 1903, Derby Papers.

  “looks so young and pretty”: TR to Emily Carow, Aug. 6, 1903, in LTR, Vol. 3, p. 544.

  “watched the white”: TR to HCL, Sept. 30, 1903, in ibid., p. 606.

  “Whether I shall”: TR to CRR, Sept. 23, 1903, in ibid., p. 605.

  “determined foes . . . of real moment”: TR to George Trevelyan, May 28, 1904, in LTR, Vol. 4, pp. 806–7.

  “flesh of”: WAW, “Seconding the Motion,” Saturday Evening Post, July 23, 1904, p. 4.

  “pass the word . . . leave the president”: WAW, “The President: The Friends and Enemies He Has Made,” Saturday Evening Post, April 4, 1903.

  “reform was . . . bobbing up in Congress”: WAW, The Autobiography, p. 368.

  “war on the railroads”: LS, The Struggle for Self-Government (New York: McClure, Phillips & Co., 1906), p. 79.

  “You may be an editor”: LS, The Autobiography, p. 364.

  “My business is to find”: LS to Joseph Steffens, May 18, 1902, in LS et al., eds., Letters of Lincoln Steffens, Vol. 1, p. 156.

  “If I should be”: IMT, All in the Day’s Work, p. 201.

  Joe Folk and the investigations: “An Exposer of Municipal Corruptions,” The Bookman (November 1903), pp. 247–48.

  pervasive corruption: LS, The Autobiography, p. 368.

  “safe . . . man of thirty-three”: Johnson and Malone, eds., Dictionary of American Biography (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1931), Vol. 3, p. 490.

  “of bribing . . . no names were mentioned”: LS, The Autobiography, p. 370.

  “to the full extent . . . and confessed”: Ibid., p. 371.

  the money “was theirs”: Lincoln Steffens, The Shame of the Cities (New York: Hill & Wang, 1904), pp. 86, 82.

  “So long has”: Ibid
., p. 22.

  “the greatest oak . . . oath of office”: Ibid., p. 39.

  due to receive over $200,000: Ibid., pp. 88–89.

  “Missouri, Missouri”: Ibid., p. 96.

  Steffens drafted a new version: LS, The Autobiography, pp. 373–74.

  “so frightened”: LS, The Shame of the Cities, p. 34.

  These spoils were divided: Ibid., pp. 48–50.

  “Your article is”: McClure to LS, Nov. 7, 1902, LS Papers.

  “We’ll call it”: LS, The Autobiography, p. 374.

  “You have made”: McClure to LS, Nov. 10, 1902, LS Papers.

  “Mr. Steffens’s”: “Tammany Outdone in St. Louis,” Outlook, Jan. 10, 1903, p. 106.

  “doing a public . . . wave of reform”: Arizona Republic (Phoenix, AZ), Jan. 6, 1903.

  “The newsstand had”: LS, The Autobiography, p. 392.

  a London editor . . . on the box lid: LS to Joseph Steffens, Dec. 13, 1903, in LS et al., Letters of Lincoln Steffens, Vol. 1, p. 160.

  test his “dawning theory”: LS, The Autobiography, p. 393.

  “was not merely”: LS, The Shame of the Cities, p. 9.

  Wary of “philosophical generalizations”: LS, The Autobiography, p. 393.

  McClure feared: McClure to John S. Phillips, Mar. 20, 1903, Phillips MSS.

  “facts, startling facts”: LS, The Autobiography, p. 393.

  “The disagreement became . . . stick to facts”: Ibid., pp. 392–93.

  Butler had directed the nominations: LS, The Struggle for Self-Government, pp. 7–8.

  the presiding justice publicly called: Joseph W. Folk to LS, Mar. 19, 1903, LS Papers.

  All the felons were back: LS, The Shame of the Cities, pp. 98, 100.

  “Your narrative lacks . . . working out the article”: McClure to LS, Jan. 20, 1903, LS Papers.

  200,000 people sported: LS, The Shame of the Cities, pp. 14–15.

  “Your article is . . . commencing to speak”: Joseph W. Folk to LS, Mar. 28, 1903, LS Papers.

  “The permanent remedy”: Joseph W. Folk to LS, April 15, 1903, LS Papers.

  “I must tell you”: McClure to LS, June 17, 1903, LS Papers.

  “the candidate . . . any other organ”: McClure to LS, May 27, 1903, LS Papers.

  “just chew[ing] the rag”: LS, The Autobiography, p. 416.

  “wise guys” in Minneapolis: Ibid., pp. 386, 382.