1493: Uncovering the New World Columbus Created

  Osborne, A. R. 1989. “Barren Mountains, Raging Rivers: The Ecological and Social Effects of Changing Landuse on the Lower Yangzi Periphery in Late Imperial China.” PhD thesis, Columbia University.

  Ouerfelli, M. 2008. Le Sucre: Production, Commercialisation et Usages dans la Méditerranée Médiévale. Boston: Brill.

  Overton, M. 1996. Agricultural Revolution in England: The Transformation of the Agrarian Economy, 1500–1850. New York: Cambridge University Press.

  Oviedo y Valdés, G. F. d. 1851 (1535). Historia General y Natural de las Indias, Islas y Tierra-Firme del Mar Océano. 3 vols. Madrid: Academia Real de la Historia.*

  Pacheco, W. M. 1995. “El Cerro Rico, una Montaña que Encarna a una Ciudad.” In W. M. Pacheco, ed., El Cerro Rico de Potosí (1545–1995): 450 Años de Explotación. Potosí: Sociedad Geográfica y de Historia “Potosí,” 263–88.

  Packard, R. M. 2007. The Making of a Tropical Disease: A Short History of Malaria. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

  Padden, R. C. 1975. “Editor’s Introduction.” In R. C. Padden, ed., Tales of Potosí. Providence, RI: Brown University Press, xi–xxxv.

  Parker, G. 2008. “Crisis and Catastrophe: The Global Crisis of the Seventeenth Century Reconsidered.” AHR 113:1053–79.

  ———. 1979a. Spain and the Netherlands, 1559–1659: Ten Studies. Short Hills, NJ: Enslow Publishers.

  ———. 1979b (1973). “Mutiny and Discontent in the Spanish Army of Flanders, 1572–1607.” In idem. 1979a:106–21.

  ———. 1979c (1970). “Spain, Her Enemies and the Revolt of the Netherlands 1559–1648.” In idem. 1979a:18–44.

  Parry, J. H., and R. G. Keith. 1984. New Iberian World: A Documentary History of the Discovery and Settlement of Latin America to the Early 17th Century. 5 vols. New York: Times Books.

  Parsons, J. T. 1972. “Spread of African Pasture Grasses to the American Tropics.” Journal of Range Management 25:12–17.

  Parton, J. 1865. “Charles Goodyear.” North American Review 101:65–102.*

  Pastor, A., et al. 2002. “Local Transmission of Plasmodium vivax Malaria—Virginia, 2002.” MMWR 51:921–23.

  Pearson, H. C. 1911. The Rubber Country of the Amazon. New York: The India Rubber World.

  Pearson, J. C. 1944. “The Fish and Fisheries of Colonial Virginia.” WMQ 1:179–83.

  Pearson, R., et al. 2001. “Port, City, and Hinterlands: Archaeological Perspectives on Quanzhou and Its Overseas Trade.” In A. Schottenhammer, ed., The Emporium of the World: Maritime Quanzhou, 1000–1400. Boston: Brill.

  Peck, G. W. 1854a. Melbourne, and the Chincha Islands. New York: Charles Scribner.*

  ———. 1854b. “From the Chincha Islands.” NYT, 7 Jan.

  Pederson, D. C., et al. 2005. “Medieval Warming, Little Ice Age, and European Impact on the Environment During the Last Millennium in the Lower Hudson Valley, New York, USA.” Quaternary Research 63:238–49.

  Percy, G. 1625? “A True Relation of the Proceedings and Occurents of Moment Which Have Hap’ned in Virginia from the Time Sir Thomas Gates Was Shipwrack’d upon the Bermudes, Anno 1609, Until my Departure Out of the Country, Which Was in Anno Domini 1612.” In Haile ed. 1998, 497–519.

  Perdue, T. 2001. Sifters: Native American Women’s Lives. New York: Oxford University Press.

  Perez, B. E. 2000. “The Journey to Freedom: Maroon Forebears in Southern Venezuela.” Ethnohistory 47:611–34.

  Pfister, C. 1983. “Changes in Stability and Carrying Capacity of Lowland and Highland Agro-Systems in Switzerland in the Historical Past.” Mountain Research and Development 3:291–97.

  Philips, G. 1891. “Early Spanish Trade with Chin Cheo (Chang Chow).” China Review 19:243–55.

  Phillips, W. D. 1985. Slavery from Roman Times to the Early Transatlantic Trade. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

  Phillips, W. D., and C. R. Phillips. 1992. The Worlds of Christopher Columbus. New York: Cambridge University Press.

  Pike, R. 2007. “Black Rebels: The Cimarrons of Sixteenth-Century Panama.” The Americas 64:243–66.

  Pollan, M. 2006. The Omnivore’s Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals. New York: Penguin.

  ———. 2001. The Botany of Desire: A Plant’s-Eye View of the World. New York: Random House.

  Polo, M. 2001 (1299). The Travels of Marco Polo. Trans., ed., W. Marsden and M. Komroff. New York: Modern Library.

  Pomeranz, K. 2000. The Great Divergence: China, Europe, and the Making of the Modern World Economy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

  Poole, B. T. F. 1974. “Case Reopened: An Enquiry into the ‘Defection’ of Fray Bernal Boyl and Mosen Pedro Margarit.” Journal of Latin American Studies 6:193–210.

  Porras Muñoz, G. 1982. El Gobierno de la Ciudad de México en el Siglo XVI. Mexico City: Universidad Autónoma de México.

  Porter, L. D. 2007. “Survival of Sporangia of New Clonal Lineages of Phytophthora infestans in Soil Under Semiarid Conditions.” Plant Disease 91:835–41.

  Postma, A., ed. 2005 (1972). Mangyan Treasures: The Ambahan: A Poetic Expression of the Mangyans of Southern Mindoro, Philippines. Calapan, Mindoro: Mangyan Heritage Center, 3rd ed.

  Postma, J. M. 1990. The Dutch in the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1600–1815. NY: Cambridge University Press.

  Powars, D. S., and T. S. Bruce. 1999. “The Effects of the Chesapeake Bay Impact Crater on the Geological Framework and Correlation of Hydrogeologic Units of the Lower York-James Peninsula, Virginia.” U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1612. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.*

  Price, D. A. 2005 (2003). Love and Hate in Jamestown: John Smith, Pocahontas, and the Start of a New Nation. New York: Vintage.

  Price, E. O. 2002. Animal Domestication and Behavior. Oxford: CABI Publishing.

  Price, R. 2011. Rainforest Warriors: Human Rights on Trial. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

  ———. 2002a (1983). First-Time: The Historical Vision of an African American People. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2nd ed.

  ———. 2002b. “Maroons in Suriname and Guyane: How Many and Where.” New West Indian Guide 76:81–88.

  Price, R., ed. 1996 (1979). Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 3rd ed.

  Proft, J., et al. 1999. “Identification of Six Sibling Species of the Anopheles maculipennis complex (Diptera: Culicidae) by a Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay.” Parasitology Research 85:837–43.

  Proulx, N. 2003. Ecological Risk Assessment of Non-indigenous Earthworm Species. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

  Puckrein, G. 1979. “Climate, Health and Black Labor in the English Americas.” Journal of American Studies 13:179–93.

  Pyne, S. J. 1999. “The Dominion of Fire.” Forum for Applied Research and Public Policy 15:6–15.

  ———. 1997a (1995). World Fire: The Culture of Fire on Earth. Seattle: University of Washington Press.

  ———. 1997b (1982). Fire in America: A Cultural History of Wildland and Rural Fire. Seattle: University of Washington Press.

  ———. 1991. “Sky of Ash, Earth of Ash: A Brief History of Fire in the United States.” In J. S. Levine, ed., Global Biomass Burning: Atmospheric, Climatic, and Biospheric Implications. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 504–11.

  Pyne, S. J., et al. 1996. Introduction to Wildland Fire. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 2nd ed.

  Qian, J. (). 1986. “The Development of China-Luzon Trade and Estimated Trade Volume, 1570–1760” (1570–1760). Journal of Chinese Social and Economic History () 3:69–78, 117.

  Quan, H. (). 1991a. Research on the Economic History of China (). Taipei: New Asia Institute of Advanced Chinese Studies.

  ———. 1991b (1967). “Changes in the Purchasing Power of Silver During the Song and Ming Dynasties and the Causes Behind Them” (). In Quan 1991a, 571–600.

  ———. 1991c (1966). “Silver Mining and Taxes in the Ming Dynasty” (). In Quan 1991a, 601–23.

  ?
??——. 1972a. Collected Essays on the Economic History of China (). 2 vols. Hong Kong: New Asia Institute of Advanced Chinese Studies.

  ———. 1972b (1971). “Changes in the Coin-Silver Ratio in Annual Government Revenues and Expenditures from the Song to Ming Dynasty” (). In Quan 1972a:vol. 1, 355–68.

  ———. 1972c (1971). “Chinese Silk Trade with Spanish America from the Late Ming to Mid-Qing” (). In Quan 1972a:vol. 1, 451–73.

  ———. 1972d. “The Inflow of American Silver to China During the Ming and Qing” (). In Quan 1972a:vol. 1, 435–50.

  ———. 1972e (1957). “The Relationship Between American Silver and the Price Revolution in 18th-Century China” (). In Quan 1972a:vol. 2, 475–508.

  Queiros Mattoso, K. M. d. 1986 (1979). To Be a Slave in Brazil, 1550–1888 (trans. A. Goldhammer). New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

  Quesada, V. G. 1890. Crónicas Potosinos: Custumbres de la Edad Medieval Hispano-Americana. 2 vols. Paris: Biblioteca de la Europa y America.

  Quijano Otero, J. M. 1881. Límites de la República de los Estados-unidos de Colombia. Seville: Francisco Alvarez.

  Quinn, D. B. 1985. Set Fair for Roanoke, 1584–1606. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

  ———. and A. M. Quinn, eds. 1982. The First Colonists: Documents on the Planting of the First English Settlements in North America, 1584–90. Raleigh: North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources.

  Rabb, T. K. 1966. “Investment in English Overseas Enterprise, 1575–1630.” EHR 19:70–81.

  Radkau, J. 2008 (2002). Nature and Power: A Global History of the Environment, trans. T. Dunlap. NY: Cambridge University Press.

  Ramos, A. 1689–92. Los Prodigios de la Omnipotencia, y Milagros de la Gracia en la Vida de la Venerable Sierva de Dios Catharina de S. Joan. 3 vols. Puebla (Mexico): Diego Fernández de León.

  Ramsdale, C., and K. Snow. 2000. “Distribution of the Genus Anopheles in Europe.” European Mosquito Bulletin 7:1–26.*

  Ratekin, M. 1954. “The Early Sugar Industry in Hispaniola.” HAHR 34:1–19.

  Rau, V., and J. de Macedo. 1962. O Açucar da Madeira nos Fins do Século XV. Funchal, Madeira: Junta-Geral do Distrito Autónomo do Funchal.

  Rawski, E. S. 1975. “Agricultural Development in the Han River Highlands.” Ch’ing-shih wen-t’i 3:63–81.

  Reader, J. 2009. Potato: A History of the Propitious Esculent. New Haven: Yale University Press.

  Real Academia Española. 1914. Diccionario de la Lengua Castellana. Madrid: Sucesores de Hernando.*

  ———. 1726–39. 6 vols. Diccionario de la Lengua Castellana. Madrid: F. del Hierro.*

  Reavis, L. U. 1878. The Life and Military Services of Gen. William Selby Harney. St. Louis: Bryan, Brand and Co.*

  Reddick, D. 1929. “The Drake Potato Introduction Monument.” Journal of Heredity 20:173–76.

  Rediker, M. 2008 (2007). The Slave Ship: A Human History. New York: Penguin.

  Reinert, J. F., et al. 1997. “Analysis of the Anopheles (Anopheles) quadrimaculatus Complex of Sibling Species (Diptera: Culicidae) Using Morphological, Cytological, Molecular, Genetic, Biochemical, and Ecological Techniques in an Integrated Approach.” Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 13 (Supp.):1-102.

  Reis, J. J. 1988. Escravidão e Invenção da Liberdade: Estudos Sobre o Negro no Brasil. São Paulo: Editora Brasiliense.

  Reis, J. J., and F. d. S. Gomes, 2009. “Repercussions of the Haitian Revolution in Brazil.” In D. P. Geggus and N. Fiering, eds., The World of the Haitian Revolution. Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 284–313.

  ———. 1996. Liberdade por um Fio: História dos Quilombos no Brasil. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras.

  Reiter, P. 2000. “From Shakespeare to Defoe: Malaria in England in the Little Ice Age.” Emerging Infectious Diseases 6:1–11.

  Rejmankova, E., et al. 1996. “Anopheles albimanus (Diptera: Culicidae) and Cyanobacteria: An Example of Larval Habitat Selection.” Environmental Entomology 25:1058–67.

  Requejo Salcedo, J. 1640. Relación Histórica y Geográfica de la Provincia de Panamá. In Serrano y Sanz, M., ed. 1908. Relaciones Históricas y Geográficas de América Central (Colección Libros y Documentos Referentes a la Historia de América 8). Madrid: Victoriano Suárez, 1–84.*

  Restall, M. 2000. “Black Conquistadors: Armed Africans in Early Spanish America.” Americas 57:171–205.

  Reyna, E. 1941. Fitzcarrald: El Rey de Caucho. Lima: Taller Grafico de P. Barrantes C.

  Reynolds, J. W. 1994. “Earthworms of Virginia (Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae, Komarekionidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, and Sparganophilidae).” Megadrilogica 5:77–94.

  Ribiero, H., et al. 1998. “Os mosquitos (Diptera: Culicidae) da Ilha de São Tomé.” García de Orta 22:1–20.*

  Rich, B. 1614. The Honestie of This Age· Prooving by Good Circumstance That the World Was Never Honest Till Now. London: T. A.

  Rich, S. M., and F. J. Ayala. 2006. “Evolutionary Origins of Human Malaria Parasites.” In K. R. Dronamraju and P. Arese, eds., Malaria: Genetic and Evolutionary Aspects. New York: Springer, 125–46.

  Richards, J. F. 2005. The Unending Frontier: An Environmental History of the Early Modern World. Berkeley: University of California Press.

  Richards, M., and V. Macaulay. 2001. “The Mitochondrial Gene Tree Comes of Age.” American Journal of Human Genetics 68:1315–20.

  Richter, D. K. 2001. Facing East from Indian Country: A Native History of Early America. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

  Riley, C. V. 1869. First Annual Report on the Noxious, Beneficial and Other Insects of the State of Missouri. Jefferson City, MO: Ellwood Kirby.

  Riley, G. M. 1972. “Labor in Cortesian Enterprise: The Cuernavaca Area, 1522–1549.” Americas 28:271–87.

  Ringsdorf, H. 2004. “Hermann Staudinger and the Future of Polymer Research Jubilees—Beloved Occasions for Cultural Piety.” Angewandte Chemie International Edition 43:1064–76.

  Riordan, P. 1996. “Finding Freedom in Florida: Native Peoples, African Americans, and Colonists, 1670–1816.” Florida Historical Quarterly 75:24–43.

  Robert, J. C. 1949. The Story of Tobacco in America. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

  Robert, R. 1929. “Estebanico de Azamor et la Légende des Sept Cités.” Journal de la Société des Américanistes 21:414.

  Roberts, D. R., et al. 2002. “Determinants of Malaria in the Americas.” In E. A. Casman and H. Dowlatabadi, eds., The Contextual Determinants of Malaria. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 35–58.

  Rocco, F. 2003. Quinine: Malaria and the Quest for a Cure That Changed the World. New York: HarperCollins Perennial.

  Rocheleau, D., et al. 2001. “Complex Communities and Emergent Ecologies in the Regional Agroforest of Zambrana-Chacuey, Dominican Republic.” Cultural Geographies 8:465–92.

  Rolfe, J. 1616. “A True Relation of the State of Virginia.” In Haile ed. 1998, 865–77.

  ———. 1614. Letter to Sir Thomas Dale, June (?). In Haile ed. 1998, 850–56.

  Romer, R. 2009. Slavery in the Connecticut Valley of Massachusetts. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press.

  Romoli, K. 1987. Los de la Lengua Cueva: Los Grupos Indígenas del Istmo Oriental en la Época de la Conquista Española. Bogotá: Instituto Colombiano de Cultura/Instituto Colombiano de Antropología.

  Roorda, E. P. 1998. The Dictator Next Door: The Good Neighbor Policy and the Trujillo Regime in the Dominican Republic, 1930–45. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

  Rose, E. A. 2002. Dependency and Socialism in the Modern Caribbean: Superpower Intervention in Guyana, Jamaica and Grenada, 1970–1985. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.

  Rountree, H. C. 2005. Pocahontas, Powhatan, Opechancanough: Three Indian Lives Changed by Jamestown. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press.

  ———. 2001. “Pocahontas: The Hostage Who Became Famous.” In Perdue 2001, 14–28.

  ———. 1996. “A Guide to the Late Woodland Indians’
Use of Ecological Zones in the Chesapeake Region.” Chesopiean 34:1–37.

  ———. 1993a. “The Powhatans and the English: A Case of Multiple Conflicting Agendas.” In Rountree ed. 1993, 173–205.

  ———. 1993b. “The Powhatans and Other Woodlands Indians as Travelers.” In Rountree ed. 1993, 21–52.

  ———. 1990. The Powhatan Indians of Virginia: Their Traditional Culture. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.

  Rountree, H. C., ed. 1993. Powhatan Foreign Relations, 1500–1722. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press.

  Rountree, H. C., and E. R. Turner. 1998. “The Evolution of the Powhatan Paramount Chiefdom in Virginia.” In E. M. Redmond, Chiefdoms and Chieftaincy in the Americas. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.

  ———. 1994. “On the Fringe of the Southeast: The Powhatan Paramount Chieftaincy in Virginia.” In Hudson and Tesser eds. 1994, 355–72.

  Rountree, H. C., et al. 2007. John Smith’s Chesapeake Voyages, 1607–1609. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press.

  Rouse, I. 1992. The Tainos: Rise and Decline of the People Who Greeted Columbus. New Haven: Yale University Press.

  Rout, L. B. 1976. The African Experience in Spanish America, 1502 to the Present Day. New York: Cambridge University Press.

  Rowe, J. H. 1946. “Inca Culture at the Time of the Spanish Conquest.” In J. H. Steward, ed., Handbook of South American Indians. BAE Bulletin 143. 7 vols. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, vol. 2, 183–410.

  Rowe, W. T. 2009. China’s Last Empire: The Great Qing. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press.

  Rowell, C. H. 2008. “The First Liberator of the Americas.” Callaloo 31:1–11.

  Roze, E. 1898. Histoire de la Pomme de Terre. Paris: J. Rothschild.*

  Rubio Mañé, J. I. 1970. “Más Documentos Relativos a la Expedición de Miguel López de Legazpi a Filipinas.” Boletín del Archivo General de la Nación 11:82–156, 453–556.

  ———. 1964. “La Expedición de Miguel López de Legazpi a Filipinas.” Boletín del Archivo General de la Nación 5:427–98.

  Ruddiman, W. F. 2007. “The Early Anthropogenic Hypothesis: Challenges and Responses.” Reviews of Geophysics 45:RG4001.

  ———. 2005. Plows, Plagues and Petroleum: How Humans Took Control of the Climate. Princeton: Princeton University Press.