The Renaissance

  Julius III (Giammaria Ciocchi del Monte), Pope (1550–55), 661, 712–713, 714, 719

  Justus van Ghent (fl, 1460–80), 343

  K

  Keats, John (1795–1821), 456

  Khwarizmi, al–(780–c.850), 692

  Kindi, al–(c. 850), 692

  Knights of Rhodes, 400

  L

  La Ramée, Pierre (1515–72), 695

  La Tour d’Auvergne, Madeleine de (d. 1519), 518

  labor troubles, 35, 71–72

  Ladislaus VII, King of Hungary (1490–1516), 414

  Ladislaus III, King of Poland (1434–44), 371

  Laetus, Julius Pomponius (1428–98), 392–393, 495–496, 690

  Landi, Amadeo de’ (1440), 529, 573

  Landino, Cristoforo (1424–1504), 115, 120, 123

  Landino, Francesco (1325–97), 40, 602

  Landriani, Gherardo (1422), 78

  Landsknechte, 628, 629

  Lannoy, Charles de (d. 1527), 626, 627, 629, 630

  Laocoön, 496, 651, 701

  Lasca (Antonio Francesco Grazzini: 1503–83), 697

  Lascaris, Constantine (1434–1501), 79, 316, 318

  Lascaris, John (c. 1445–1535), 119, 486, 522

  Lateran (Rome) Council, 445, 446, 481, 540, 589

  Laura, see Sade, Laura de Laurana, Luciano (c. 1420–79), 342

  Laureti, Tommaso (1530–1602), 713

  Lautrec, Odet de Foix, Vicomte de (1485–1528), 621, 634–635

  law, 286, 592

  League of Holy Union, 618

  Lebrun, Charles (1619–90), 332, 683

  Leo X (Giovanni de’ Medici), Pope (1513–21), 78, 115, 148, 163, 164, 214, 239, 243, 265–266, 273, 277, 318, 319, 335, 346, 348, 376, 401, 405, 406, 448, 451, 463, 477–488, 489, 490, 491, 492, 493, 494, 496, 497, 498, 499, 501–502, 504, 505, 506, 507, 508, 509, 515, 516–521, 527–528, 540, 545, 553–554, 561, 563, 564, 595, 596, 602, 619–621, 622, 623, 625, 628, 639, 641, 654, 701

  Leo XIII (Gioacchino Pecci), Pope (1878–1903), 407

  Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519), 101, 108, 131, 133, 135, 139, 140, 149, 165, 166, 173, 185, 187, 195, 197, 199–228, 232, 233, 238, 258, 304, 328, 340, 417, 421, 425, 452, 454, 468, 470, 472, 516, 519, 529, 530, 600, 665, 667, 692, 697, 702, 717, 718, 722, 728

  Adoration of the Magi, 201

  Annunciation, 199, 200

  as inventor, 209, 213, 216, 219–221

  as philosopher, 225–226

  as scientist, 221–225

  as writer, 217–218

  Codice Atlantico, 218

  drawings, 218–219

  Last Supper, 204–206, 227, 697

  Mona Lisa, 204, 211–213, 454

  Palazzo Vecchio, Florence, frescoes, 210–211

  St. John, 214

  statue of Francesco Sforza, 206–207, 227

  Virgin, Child, and St. Anne, 208–209

  Virgin, Child, St. Anne, and St. John, 208–209, 218, 227

  Virgin of the Rocks, 197, 204

  Leoni, Leone (1509–90), 178, 711

  Leopardi, Alessandro (d. c. 1522), 132, 281, 293, 295

  Lepanto, battle of, 650, 675

  Letters (Aretino), 658–659

  Liber facetiarum (Poggio Bracciolini), 83

  Liberale da Verona (1451–1536), 325

  liberty, 546–547

  libraries, 76–77, 119, 342–343, 377, 379, 387, 488–489

  Libro dell’ arte (Cennini), 99

  Libro d’oro (Venice), 285

  Ligorio, Pirro (c. 1510–83), 714

  Liguria, 176

  Linacre, Thomas (1460?-1524), 123, 317, 529, 728

  Lippi, Filippino (1457–1504), 105, 137, 139–140, 200, 201, 208, 247, 386, 468, 706

  Lippi, Fra Filippo (c. 1406–69), 104–106, 137, 138

  Livy (Titus Livius: 59 B.C.-A.D. 17), 350, 487, 491, 547, 551

  Lomazzo, Giovanni Paolo (1538-c. 1600), 206

  Lombardi, Alfonso (1463–1536), 335

  Lombardo, Antonio (c. 1458-c. 1516), 281, 295

  Lombardo, Moro (1481), 295

  Lombardo, Pietro (c. 1435–1515), 281, 293, 295, 339

  Lombardo, Sante (fl. 1524–27), 295

  Lombardo, Tullio (c. 1455–1532), 281, 295

  Loredano, Giacomo (1527), 595

  Loredano, Leonardo, Doge of Venice (1501–21), 288, 300–301

  Loredano, Pietro, Doge of Venice (1567–70), 665

  Lorenzetti, Ambrogio (fl. 1324–48), 36–37

  Lorenzetti, Pietro (fl. 1305–48), 36–37

  Lorenzo Monaco (c. 1370–1425), 99, 101

  Lorenzo Veneziano (fl. 1356–72), 40

  Loreto, 164, 234, 312, 341, 569

  Lotti, Lorenzetto (1490–1541), 507

  Lotto, Lorenzo (1480–1556), 311–313, 321, 684

  Louis IV of Bavaria, Holy Roman Emperor (1314–47), 57

  Louis XI, King of France (1461–83), 184, 388, 609, 610

  Louis XII, King of France (1498–1515), 177, 178, 189, 190, 191, 207, 213, 257, 417, 419, 420, 421, 422, 424, 425, 430, 435, 516, 542, 613, 614, 615–617, 618–619

  Louis XIV, King of France (1643–1715), 506*

  Louis I, King of Hungary (1342–82), 15

  Louis Allemand, Blessed (c. 1380–1450), 368

  Louis of Canossa (d. 1532), 345

  Louise of Savoy, Countess of Angoulême (1476–1531), 431, 621, 629, 635

  Lourdes (Zola), 673

  Loyola, Ignatius, St. (1491–1556), 689

  Lucca, 229

  Lucretius Carus, Titus (96?-55 B.C.), 41, 536

  Luini, Bernardino (1470–1533), 228

  Lully, Raymond (c. 1235–1315), 692

  Luna, Pedro de (1328–1423), see Benedict XIII, Antipope

  lute, 604

  Luther, Martin (1483–1546), 13, 161, 352, 370, 388, 486, 489, 519, 533–534, 543, 546, 572, 606, 622, 626, 628, 631, 645, 686, 688

  Lutherans, 635

  Luzzi, Mondino de’ (c. 1270–1326), 531

  M

  Macaulay, Thomas Babington, Baron (1800–59), 565

  Macer, 679, 682

  Machiavelli, Niccolò (1469–1527), 109, 110, 161, 162, 180, 210, 276, 354, 375, 408, 417, 420, 422, 424, 434, 439, 443, 490, 517, 521, 526, 545, 546, 547–567, 568, 570, 579, 598, 606–607, 619, 657, 727

  Madrid, treaty of, 627

  madrigals, 602, 603–604

  Magliana, Villa, 484

  Maitani, Lorenzo (before 1275–1330), 35

  Malatesta, Carlo (c. 1364–1429), 339

  Malatesta, Giovanni (d. 1304), 339

  Malatesta, Pandolfo (1377–1427), 240

  Malatesta, Pandolfo (1475–1534), 419, 421

  Malatesta, Paolo (d. 1285), 339

  Malatesta, Parisina, Marchioness of Ferrara (d. 1425), 262

  Malatesta, Roberto (d. 1482), 396

  Malatesta, Sigismondo Pandolfo (1417–68), 231, 339–341, 342

  Malevolti, Orlando, 237

  malfeasance, 592

  Malory, Sir Thomas (fl. 1444–71), 271

  Mancini, Faustina (d. c. 1520), 492, 577

  Mancione, Geronimo (1501), 415

  Mandragola (Machiavelli), 553–554, 598

  Manetti, Giannozzo (1396–1459), 79, 82, 84, 350, 377, 379

  Manetti, Latino (1535), 690

  Manfredi, Astorre (d. 1502), 420, 421

  manners, 593–594, 606

  Mantegazza, Cristoforo (d. 1482), 179

  Mantegna, Andrea (1431–1506), 22, 251–255, 258, 298, 301, 328, 336, 400

  Ducal Palace frescoes, Mantua, 252

  Eremitani frescoes, Padua, 252, 267

  Parnassus, 254

  Triumph of Caesar, 253–254, 259

  Verona polyptych, 253

  Mantua, 108, 196, 249–260

  Palazzo del Te, 259

  Reggia, 257–258

  Mantua, Congress of, 389–390, 618

  Manutius, Aldus I (1450–1515), 257, 315–318, 338, 375, 440, 480, 486, 487, 508–509, 571

  Manutius, A
ldus II (1547–97), 317

  Maramaldi, Fabrizio (1530), 636–637

  Marcello, Cristoforo (1527), 632

  Marches, the, 327*

  Marcillat, Guillaume de (1467–1529), 448

  Marcio, Galeotto (1478), 573

  Marco d’Oggiono (c. 1475-c. 1530), 206, 228

  Maremma, drainage of the, 700

  Margani, Pietro (d. 1480), 396

  Margaret of Austria, Regent of the Netherlands (1480–1530), 635

  Margaret of France, Duchess of Savoy (1532–74), 711

  Maria d’Aquino, 10–11, 29–30

  Maria of Savoy, Duchess of Milan (married 1427), 182

  Mariano, Lorenzo di (1476–1534), 237, 238

  Marignano, battle of, 613, 619, 629

  Mariolatry, 569

  Marone, Andrea (1527), 632

  Marot, Clément (c. 1495–1544), 488

  marriage, 578–579, 582, 588

  Marsilius of Padua (c. 1290?-1343), 363, 538

  Marsuppini, Carlo (c. 1399–1453), 79, 82, 96, 377

  Martin V (Oddone Colonna), Pope (1417–31), 83, 240, 366, 367–368, 369, 370

  Martini, Simone (1283–1344), 5, 13, 35–36, 53

  Maestà (Siena), 35–36

  Mary, the Virgin, 86

  Masaccio (Tommaso Guidi: 1401-c. 1429), 100–101, 104, 135, 140, 231, 245, 454, 672, 722

  Masolino da Panicale (1383–1447), 100, 101

  Mass, the, 543, 544

  Masuccio (Tommaso de’ Guardati: 1476), 572, 697, 699*

  Massimi, Domenico (1527), 631

  Matarezzo, Francesco (1500), 241–242, 243, 412, 427

  mathematics, 692

  Matilda of Tuscany, Countess (1046–1115), 375

  Matteo di Giovanni (1435–95), 237, 238

  Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary (1458–90), 119, 130, 132, 390–391

  Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor (1493–1519), 189, 190, 191, 534, 611, 612, 613–614, 616, 617, 618, 619, 620

  Mazochi, Iacopo (1521), 496

  Mazzoni, Guido (1450–1518), 333

  medals, 324

  Medici, Alessandro de’, Duke of Florence (1531–37), 545, 637, 643, 699, 701, 703, 704, 717

  Medici, Averardo de’ (1314), 73

  Medici, Carlo de’ (d. 1492), 105

  Medici, Caterina de’, see Médicis, Catherine de, Queen of France

  Medici, Cosimo de’, Pater Patriae (1389–1464), 69, 74–77, 80, 81, 82, 85–86, 89, 90, 93, 94, 95, 97, 103, 104, 107, 109, 110, 111, 113, 119, 128, 143, 169, 184, 193, 231, 353, 366, 370, 371, 377, 554, 699, 703, 726

  Medici, Cosimo I de’, Duke of Florence (1537–69), Grand Duke of Tuscany (1569–74), 90, 468, 545, 583, 699–701, 702, 703, 704, 705, 710, 719

  Medici, Ferdinando I de’, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1587–1609), 699

  Medici, Ferdinando II de’, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1620–70), 455

  Medici, Francesco de’, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1574–87), 700, 702

  Medici, Giovanni de’ (1475–1521), see Leo X, Pope

  Medici, Giovanni Angelo de’ (1499–1565), see Pius IV, Pope

  Medici, Giovanni (“delle Bande Nere”) de’ (1498–1526), 554, 628, 629, 655, 660, 699, 703

  Medici, Giovanni di Bicci de’ (1360–1429), 73, 88

  Medici, Giuliano de’ (1453–78), 111, 113, 124, 125, 137, 138, 593, 624, 641

  Medici, Giuliano de’, Duke of Nemours (1479–1516), 141, 163, 214, 319, 341, 345, 481, 551, 581, 641, 642

  Medici, Giulio de’ (1478–1534), see Clement VII, Pope

  Medici, Ippolito (1511–35), 335, 492, 530, 665, 703, 704

  Medici, Lorenzino de’ (1514–48), 699

  Medici, Lorenzo de’ (the Elder: 1395–1440), 143, 699

  Medici, Lorenzo de’ (the Magnificent—il magnifico: 1449–92), 76, 89, 97, 110–120, 121, 123, 125, 126, 128–129, 130, 131, 137, 138, 240–142, 143, 145, 146, 147, 148, 164, 189, 194, 262, 322, 342, 354, 356, 395, 400, 401, 464, 465, 467, 477, 478–480, 490, 528, 530, 538, 543, 554, 593, 596, 597, 601, 602, 622, 624–625, 641, 644, 726

  Medici, Lorenzo de’, Duke of Urbino (1516–19), 163, 518, 551, 561, 563, 564, 641, 642

  Medici, Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de’ (1463–1507), 465

  Medici, Maddalena de’ (1472–1519), 400

  Medici, Piero de’ (il Gottoso: 1414–69), 90, 97, 105, 110, 111, 112, 128, 131, 132, 134, 137

  Medici, Piero de’ (1471–1503), 123, 141, 143, 147, 148, 465, 480, 611

  Medici, Salvestro de’ (1378), 73–74

  Medici family, origin of name, 73*

  Medici tombs (Michelangelo), 499, 636, 641–644, 722, 723

  medicine, 486, 530–537, 693

  Médicis, Catherine de, Queen of France (1519–89), 518, 564, 638, 645, 703

  Mellon, Andrew W. (1855–1937), 456–457

  Melozzo da Forli (1438–94), 233, 338, 343, 398, 599

  Melzi, Francesco (1492-c. 1570), 226, 227, 228

  Menaechmi (Plautus), 269, 598

  mercenaries, 437, 560, 591, 596, 613, 628, 629–632

  Merino, Gabriele (c. 1513), 483

  metalwork, 314

  Metamorphoses (Apuleius), 510

  Meteorology (Aristotle), 543

  Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475–1564), 88, 92–93, 98, 128, 133, 135–136, 139, 149, 162, 163–164, 165, 166, 168, 210–211, 215, 233, 234, 236, 237, 247, 258, 309, 329, 331, 332, 335, 418, 441, 443, 448, 457, 461, 463–476, 495, 497, 498–501, 503, 504, 506, 507, 509–510, 512, 515–516, 521, 522, 576, 577, 578, 580, 581, 585, 636, 638, 640–644, 650, 651, 659, 663, 667, 668, 669, 674, 677, 696, 700, 701, 702, 703, 704, 706, 713, 714–723, 725, 727

  as a poet, 717–718

  Bacchus, 466

  Battle of Pisa, 470, 472, 706

  Brutus, 93, 497, 716–717

  David, 467–469, 476, 701, 710

  “Doni” Madonna, 469–470

  Last Judgment, 236, 465, 470, 581, 659, 672, 715–716, 721

  Leda and the Swan, 642–643

  Madonna (Bruges), 469

  Madonna de’ Medici, 643

  Moses, 498–499

  Pietà, 466–467, 476, 580

  Pietà (late), 717

  Sistine Chapel ceiling, 473–476, 504, 506, 515, 706, 715

  Sleeping Cupid, 256, 466–466

  Statue of Julius II, 443, 445, 473, 715

  tomb of Julius II, 470–472, 473, 498–499, 643

  tombs of the Medici, 499, 636, 641–644, 722, 723

  work on the Capitoline Hill, 718–719

  Michelozzo di Bartolommeo (1396–1472), 89–90, 91, 94, 356, 728

  Michiel, Giovanni (d. 1503), 415, 426

  Migliorati, Cosimo de’ (c. 1336–1406), see Innocent VII, Pope

  Migliorotti, Atalante (1482), 600

  Mignaud, Pierre (1610–95), 332

  Mila, Adriana de (b. c. 1455), 428–429

  Mila, Luis Juan de (b. c. 1430), 382

  Milan, 37–39, 173, 176–177, 178, 179–198, 613–614, 629, 711–712

  Castello Sforzesco, 183, 187, 204

  duomo, 194–195

  Ospedale Maggiore, 183–184, 185, 195, 533

  Santa Maria delle Grazie, 196, 204, 348

  San Satiro, 196

  mines, 390

  Mini, Antonio (1550), 717

  miniature painting, 343, 357; see also illumination of manuscripts

  Mino da Fiesole (1431–84), 130–131, 386, 397

  miracles, 541, 569

  Mocenigo, Alvise I, Doge of Venice (1570–77), 674

  Mocenigo, Tommaso, Doge of Venice (1414–23), 283, 287

  Mohacs, battle of, 627

  Mohammed II, Sultan of Turkey (1451–81), 115, 299, 371, 390

  Molière (Jean Baptiste Poquelin: 1622–73), 594, 658

  Molmenti, Pompeo (1852–1928), 303

  Molza, Francesco Maria (1489–1544), 492

  monasteries, 574

  Moncada, Hugo de (c. 1466–1528), 627, 628

  money, lust for, 588–589

 
monks, 33–34, 572–573, 574

  Montagna, Bartolommeo (c. 1450–1523), 302, 314, 321–322

  Montaigne, Michel Eyquem de (1533–92), 599, 692

  Monte, Giammaria Ciocchi del (1487–1555), see Julius III, Pope

  Montelupo, Raffaello da (1505–67), 713

  Monteverdi, Claudio (1567–1643), 713

  monti di pietà, 589, 595

  Montpensier, Gilbert, Count of (d. 1496), 612

  morals, 568–605 passim, 605–607

  Morandi, Antonio (d. 1568), 713

  More, Sir Thomas, St. (1478–1535), 79

  Moretto da Brescia (Alessandro Bonvicino: c. 1498–1554), 198, 578, 712

  Morgante maggiore (Pulci), 125–128, 156

  Morone, Andrea (1502), 281

  Morone, Domenico (1442-c. 1509), 325

  Morone, Francesco (1473–1529), 325

  Morone, Girolamo (c. 1450–1529), 627

  Moroni, Giambattista (c. 1525–78), 712

  Müller, Johann, see Regiomontanus

  Murad II, Sultan of Turkey (1421–51), 371

  Murano, 313, 657

  Murillo, Bartolomé Esteban (1617–82), 727

  Musaeus (late 5th cent, B.C.), 316

  music, 290, 483, 598–605, 649

  music schools, 600

  musical instruments, 483, 604

  Mussato, Albertino (1314), 22

  Musurus, Marcus (c. 1470–1517), 317, 486, 487

  N

  Naples, 9–10, 40, 173, 349–351, 574, 611–612, 686

  Napoleon I, Emperor of the French (1805–14; 1815), 195, 411, 545

  Nardini, Michèle (1513), 502

  Navagero, Andrea (1483–1529), 318, 492

  Naviglio Grande, 181

  navy, 284

  Neapolitan Academy, 354, 355, 606

  Nelli, Ottaviano (c. 1370-c. 1445), 241

  Nepos, Cornelius (1st cent, B.C.), 78

  nepotism, 382, 394–395, 396, 411–412, 416, 417, 418, 442, 519, 623, 691

  neri, 3, 229

  New Academy (Neacademia), 317, 318, 696

  Niccoli, Niccolò de’ (1364–1437), 76, 77, 79, 81, 82, 89, 351

  Niccolò da Correggio (fl. 1510), 255, 327

  Niccolò di Liberatore da Foligno (1430–1502), 241

  Niccolò Pisano (c. 1201–78), 24, 25

  Nicholas V (Tommaso Parentucelli), Pope (1447–55), 75, 83, 96, 103, 108, 193, 352, 373, 374, 375, 377–382, 386, 387, 405, 448, 450, 457, 484

  Nicholas of Cusa (1401–64), 222, 352, 370, 388, 529

  Nietzsche, Friedrich (1844–1900), 548, 565

  Nifo, Agostino (1473?-1538), 539, 540

  Ninfa Tiberina, La (Molza), 492

  Ninfale Fiesolano (Boccaccio), 29