The Age of Faith

  Central, 446, 513, 616, 618, 656

  Christian conquest of, 530-537

  Eastern, 349, 450

  Latin, 434, 436, 499, 526, 537, 586, 837, 912, 931, 989, 998

  modern, 559, 578, 649

  Northern, 241, 389, 469, 493, 618, 624, 1039

  Renaissance, 1086

  Southern, 375

  Transalpine, 638

  Western, 434, 471, 473, 497, 510, 518, 525, 544, 552, 559, 572, 605, 629, 640, 644, 645, 646, 653, 657, 660, 756, 758, 770, 817, 830, 832, 845, 846, 847, 863, 874, 876, 894, 897, 903, 938, 950, 982, 984, 989, 990, 1053, 1082

  Europeans, 305, 596, 611

  West, 589, 832-833

  Eusebia, 11, 13

  Eusebius, 10, 46

  Eustace, St., 857

  Eustathius, 142

  Eustachium, 53, 54, 55

  Eutyches, 49, 112

  Everlasting Gospel (Joachim of Flora), 809

  Eve, 69, 264, 363, 412, 820, 825, 933, 950, 973, 1028

  evil, 256, 820, 974

  eye, 970, 986

  Évreux, 474, 475

  Evroul, St., monastery of, 1019

  examinations, 929

  entrance, 926

  for heresy, 781

  postmortem, 1001

  exarchate, 521, 525, 544

  Excalibur, 570

  excommunication, 368, 374, 380, 415, 480, 494, 526, 528, 529, 539, 543, 544, 546, 548, 549, 550, 551, 571, 639, 662, 671, 675, 677, 682, 684, 688, 699, 707, 710, 716, 722, 723, 726, 741, 753, 755, 756, 761, 762, 773, 774, 777, 778, 780, 782, 812, 813, 815, 922, 928, 930, 977, 1029-1030

  executions, 339, 378, 413, 782-783, 928

  Exeter, 487

  Cathedral, 744, 871, 883

  exilarch, 348

  hereditary, 366

  exiles, 347-349, 372, 427, 569, 731

  Exodus, 352*, 383, 490, 776, 987

  exogamy, 824

  exorcism, 417, 986

  experimentation, 249, 925, 1004-1005, 1008-1010

  exploitation, 299, 313, 464, 472, 481, 521, 578, 654, 704, 1000

  explorers, 454, 506, 1085

  extreme unction, 741

  Exuperius, 37

  eye, diseases of, 403

  structure of, 995

  eyeglasses, 996, 1084

  Ezekiel, 416

  Ezra family, ibn, 371

  Ezzelino da Romano, 723, 725, 783, 1057, 1085

  Fabiola, 78, 1002

  fables, 265, 857, 1054-1055

  Fables (Bidpai), 262, 263, 320, 910

  fabliaux, 574, 767, 1054-1055

  fabrics, Cairene and Alexandrian, 287

  façades, 846, 865, 869, 870, 871, 876, 879, 881, 891

  factions, 105, 285, 296, 527, 718, 729, 730, 798

  faculties, 917, 922, 926

  Fada, Abu al-, 403

  Fadl, al-, 199, 236

  Faggiuola, Uguccione della, 1064

  faïence, 274, 286

  fairies, 984, 1029

  fairs, 465, 615, 617, 664, 829, 1083-1084

  faith, 79, 325, 338, 367-368, 405, 407, 413, 724, 820, 932, 941, 945, 967-968, 980, 982, 1067

  Byzantine, 442

  Catholic, 777

  Christian, 336, 393, 427, 526, 925, 933, 939, 946, 947, 956, 964*, 981, 986, 1048, 1084

  crises in, 954-955

  Islamic, 210-219

  Jewish, 385

  Shia, 314

  Fakhru’d Din, 607

  fakirs, Hindu, 258

  falconry, 691, 719, 840

  Falkirk, battle of, 683

  Fall, 69, 354, 489, 867, 978, 1036, 1068

  “False Decretals” (Isidorus Mercator), 525-526

  family, 76-77, 360, 380, 433, 495, 819, 913

  famine, 116, 285, 343, 423, 435, 445, 558, 642, 693, 785, 802, 894, 1003, 1019

  fana, 260

  fanaticism, 307, 338, 400, 442, 528, 880

  faqihs, 299, 332-333

  Far East, 118, 133, 143, 150, 242, 376, 616, 993

  Farabi, Muhammad Abu Nasr al-, 202, 249, 253-254, 257, 279, 337, 407, 898, 911, 913, 954, 957, 1014, 1068

  Faraj ben Salim, 912

  farce, 1027, 1029, 1055

  Farghani, Abu’l-, 242

  Farid al-Din Attar (Muhammad ibn Ibrahim), 324

  Farinata degli Uberti, 1057

  farmers, 348, 352, 370, 435, 554, 645, 718, 826

  Fars, 136

  Fasa, mosque of, 274

  fasts, 214-215, 358, 382, 748, 807, 850, 1020

  fatalism, 177, 323, 769

  Fathers, 219, 363, 477, 746, 754

  Fatima, 162, 172, 284

  Fatimids, 284-286, 289, 290, 310, 585, 590-591

  fealty, mutual, 375, 553, 560

  Feast of Saturn (Macrobius), 32

  feasts, 75, 359, 830, 841, 1029

  Christian, 745, 751, 752, 794, 841, 889, 964, 1028

  Jewish, 358, 359

  Fecamp, 1054

  abbey of, 479

  fees, 543, 767-768, 825, 918, 921, 999

  Feis, 82

  Felix, Bishop of Nantes, 531

  fellowships, 924

  Fenellosa, Ernest, 150

  “Fenian” cycle, 498

  Ferdinand and Isabella, 404, 1010

  Fergil, St., 497, 992

  Fergusson, James, 272, 878

  Fernando I, 459

  Fernando III, St., 697, 699, 891, 919

  Ferrara, 616, 662, 708, 770, 998

  fertility, 445, 447, 502, 987, 997

  fertilizer, 559

  Festival of the Ass, 841

  festivals, 271, 291, 358, 382, 830, 831

  agricultural, 838, 841, 1027

  Jewish, 347, 418

  pagan, 745

  religious, 751

  academic, 928

  fetishism, 744-745

  feudal baronies, 651

  counts, 686

  courtesy, 839

  dues, 644, 767

  lords, 644, 651, 825, 835

  origins, 552-553

  vassalage, 675

  war, private, 691

  feudalism, 113, 298, 434, 435, 456, 459, 511, 551, 552-519, 609, 638, 649, 653, 658, 661, 667, 669, 670, 677, 690, 699, 717, 718, 748, 766, 776, 829, 876

  French, 405

  German, 445, 664

  Persian, 140-141

  feudality, 564, 664

  feuds, 504, 509, 757*, 1032

  Fez, 282, 283, 284, 296, 316, 334, 408

  Fibonacci, Leonardo, 720, 989, 990, 995

  fidelity, 365, 564, 575, 576, 691, 807

  fiefs, 552, 567, 658, 686, 698, 762, 763

  figures, 848, 869, 879, 880, 881

  filioque clause, 528

  Filles-Dieu, 693

  finance, 308, 359, 371, 375, 377, 387, 400, 452, 472, 480, 625-633, 710, 845, 1084

  Church, 765-768

  French, 729

  Jews in, 376-378

  papal, 728

  financiers, 370, 388, 392, 626, 627, 630

  fines, 90, 374, 381, 568, 826, 830, 918, 928

  Finiguerra, Maso, 849

  Finland, 208, 619, 659

  Finns, 444, 447, 659, 832

  Fioretti, 792*, 795-798

  Firdausi (Abu’l-Qasim Mansur), 137, 203, 244, 268-269

  fire, 643, 872, 906

  firearms, 658

  Firnas, ibn, 298

  First Cause, 253, 254, 968, 969

  Firuz, 144

  Firuzabad, 148

  roses of, 271

  fish, 379, 505, 666, 837, 841

  FitzGerald, Edward, 267*, 322

  FitzGilbert, Richard, 682

  Fitzralph, Richard, 926*

  “Five Pillars of Islam,” 212

  Flagellant craze, 809

  Flanders, 476, 479, 480, 615, 617, 620, 623, 624, 627, 633, 640, 642, 644, 645, 646, 647, 648, 649, 665, 685, 688, 809, 869-870, 886, 915, 935

  Flavian of Constantinople, 49

  fleet, 471

  Arabian, 425

  Byzantine, 109, 289, 424

 
Danish, 484

  Italian, 132, 290, 376, 453, 457

  mercantile, 119, 728

  Norse, 473, 474

  Saracen, 290, 457

  Vandal, 38

  Flemings, 685, 832

  flogging, 532, 569, 781, 915, 928

  floods, 558, 1019

  Flora, 300, 301

  Order of, 808

  Floralia, 75

  Florence (Florentia), 392, 451, 568, 578, 616, 621, 623, 624, 626, 628, 629, 633, 635, 638, 642, 643, 649, 696, 710, 713, 725, 727, 728-731, 756, 778, 779, 783, 811, 812, 835, 838, 851, 854, 855-856, 862, 863, 865, 889-890, 915, 988, 990, 1057, 1058, 1059, 1061-1065, 1072, 1080

  Baptistery, 852

  Cathedral, 862, 888, 889-890

  florin, Florentine, 626

  Flotte, Pierre, 695

  flowers, 271, 273, 323

  stone, 859-860

  Fludd, Robert, 418

  “flying machines,” 1010

  Foggia, 370, 717, 719, 725, 726, 911

  folio, 907, 908

  folk dances, 838

  song, 704, 900

  folklore, Jewish, 359, 406

  Folquet (Folque), troubadour, 901, 1077

  Fondaco de’ Tedeschi, Venice, 619

  Fons Vitae (ibn Gabirol), 406, 911

  Fonteney, battle of, 473

  Fontevrault, order of, 791, 792

  food, 557, 560, 787, 813, 836-837

  doles of, 831

  Jewish, 357-358

  Moslem, 342

  football, 841

  “Forest Cantons,” 687

  forests, 465, 514, 559-560

  forgery, 526*, 814, 828, 844, 944, 1072

  forks, 836

  Formosus, 538

  formulas, 524, 986

  magic, 997-998

  fornication, 806, 822, 824, 843, 927

  Forth, Firth of, 501

  fortification, 271, 471, 570, 892

  Fortunatus of Hippo, 671

  Fortunatus of Poitiers, 78, 93, 94, 1024

  Forty Thieves, 262, 275

  Foulques, Abbé, 935

  foundlings, 1002

  Fountains Abbey, 871, 883

  “Four Doctors,” 916

  “Four Duties,” 212

  France, 57, 87, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 198, 226, 236, 238, 298, 317, 342, 366, 375, 384, 387, 392, 397, 400, 401, 402, 441, 447, 452, 460-461, 464, 466, 473, 474, 480, 484, 495, 500, 502, 518, 528, 533, 534, 537, 543, 545, 553, 554, 555, 556, 558, 561, 564, 565, 566-567, 571, 573, 577, 578, 586, 594, 598, 599, 603, 606, 610, 615, 616, 617, 620, 621, 622, 623, 626, 627, 632, 633, 640, 642, 646, 647, 663, 664, 667, 669, 670, 671, 673, 674, 675, 677, 679, 682, 683, 684, 685, 686, 688-697, 699, 708, 712, 717, 726, 743-744, 756, 758, 766, 767, 770, 774, 775, 776, 779, 782, 783, 785, 792, 801, 809, 812, 813, 814, 815, 816, 821, 823, 828, 831, 833, 835, 837, 838, 839, 840, 841, 842, 847, 849, 850, 851, 858, 861, 868, 870, 879, 881, 882, 883, 886, 892, 893, 894, 899, 901, 903, 904, 905, 906, 908, 913, 919, 923, 932, 935, 949-954, 957, 989, 993, 1002, 1003, 1019, 1020, 1025, 1039, 1042, 1044, 1058, 1086

  central, 776

  east central, 686

  northeastern, 690

  northern, 640, 904, 1042

  southeastern, 637, 904

  southern, 292, 354, 386, 404, 415, 553, 691, 771, 772, 874, 901, 904, 955, 1007, 1036, 1037, 1042

  southwestern, 827, 828, 1036

  western, 699

  France, Anatole, 60, 87, 983, 1086

  Francesca da Rimini, 101, 1037, 1065, 1070, 1071, 1080

  Franche-Comté, 695

  Francia, 462, 466, 688

  Francis, St., 17, 649, 753, 768, 792-802, 805, 809, 843, 855, 888, 977, 978, 996, 1077, 1085

  Franciscans, 332, 401, 693, 769, 798, 801-802, 804, 805, 809, 922, 955, 959, 960, 971, 977, 980, 981, 988, 1006, 1014

  Franco of Cologne, 898

  Franconia, 88, 511

  Frangipani family, 706

  Frankfort, 369, 566, 615, 642, 664

  Franks, 22-23, 43, 47, 88-92, 107, 109, 114, 311, 312, 376, 450, 452, 454, 458, 460, 461, 462, 468, 470, 481, 489, 510, 525, 531, 534, 544, 566-567, 587, 590, 591, 596, 651, 652, 654, 665, 763, 832

  East, 510

  realm of, 536

  Franzesi family, 729

  fraternities, 289, 332, 621, 1084

  Fraternity of the Holy Ghost, 824

  fraud, 824, 1013

  Frauendienst (Ulrich), 1039, 1041

  Fredegar, 460

  Fredegunda, 92, 93

  Frederick I Barbarossa, 469, 594, 595, 598, 599, 602, 622, 661-662, 665, 707, 714, 718, 761, 848, 909, 916, 987, 1020

  Frederick II, 93, 370, 375, 564, 568, 602, 606, 607, 608, 612, 621, 625, 632, 658, 663-664, 678, 690, 698, 704, 705, 706, 714-725, 729, 763, 764, 765, 771, 777, 778, 779, 797, 801, 817, 840, 857, 861, 887, 909, 910, 911, 919, 961, 962, 988, 990, 994, 1000, 1003, 1037, 1038, 1041, 1056, 1063, 1085

  Frederick of Aragon, 812

  free will, 68-69, 413, 939, 952, 973, 974, 988

  freedmen, 112

  freedom, 347, 972, 976, 982, 1062, 1078

  charters of, 673

  communal, 638

  intellectual, 443, 724

  of peasantry, 644-645

  religious, 349, 367

  of thought, 818, 921

  of worship, 282, 721

  Freeman, E. A., 825

  freemen, 553-554, 679

  English, 676

  freethinkers, 265, 955-958

  Jewish, 367

  Freiberg, 622

  Freiburg im Breisgau, 960

  French Revolution, 370, 388, 637, 640, 641, 858, 865, 869, 879, 887, 922*, 948

  Frescobaldi family, 628, 729

  Frescobaldi, Dino, 1057

  frescoes, 276, 287, 426, 449, 455, 457, 479, 853-856, 888, 889, 890, 1056

  friars, 785-818, 922, 1013, 1052

  Friars Minor, 795-802

  Friars Preachers, 803, 995

  Fribourg, 687

  Friday Mosque, Ardistan, 274

  Isfahan, 309, 317

  Frigga, 507

  Frisia, 471, 474, 510, 535, 646

  Frisians, 22, 461, 534, 905

  Fritzlar, 535

  Fritigern, 24

  Froissart, Jean, 571, 575, 616, 681, 822

  fruits, 298, 357, 613, 837

  stone, 859

  Fulbert, Abélard’s enemy, 935-937

  Fulbert of Chartres, 476, 571, 877, 914, 1023

  Fulda, 466, 476, 514, 535, 564, 786

  Fulk IV, Count of Anjou, 688

  Fulk V, Count of Anjou, 592

  Fulk de Neuilly, 602

  funds, 458, 763, 814, 876, 878, 914, 916, 919

  furniture, 272, 432, 435, 835, 836

  furs, 379, 624, 655, 833

  Fustat, al-, 283, 284, 413, 414

  Futuhat (ibn Arabi), 1068

  Gabirol, ibn (Avicebron), 255, 372, 396-400, 405-406, 417, 910, 911, 954, 963, 964, 1006

  Gabriel, 163-164, 176, 212, 238

  Gaddi family, 1066

  Gaels, 80, 495

  Gagik I, 205

  Gainas, 26

  Gaiseric, 30, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 74, 108, 111

  Gains, jurist, 112

  Galahad, 1045, 1046

  Galand, Jean, 782

  Galen, 49, 121, 240, 249, 330, 408, 437, 910, 911, 912, 1009, 1017, 1070

  Galicia, 458, 459

  galilee, 872

  Galilei, Galileo, 1082

  Gall, St., 743

  Galla Placidia, 36-37, 132, 827

  Gallerani family, 628

  “Gallican” movement, 923

  Gallipoli, 599, 605

  Gallus, 3, 10, 11, 347

  Gallus, Marcus Aelius, 156

  Galswintha, 92

  Gamaliel, 137

  gambling, 157, 433, 830, 838, 1026

  game preserves, 840

  games, 31, 432, 559, 838, 841, 1025

  Gan Eden, 355

  Gandersheim, 514, 515

  Gandzha (Kirovabad), 324

  Gaon
ate, 366-368, 411, 416

  “Garden of His Delight, The” (Jehuda Halevi), 398

  gardens, 271, 515

  Garonne River, 474, 617, 645

  Garter, order of the, 578

  Gascoigne, Thomas, 926*

  Gaul, 3, 7, 13, 22-25, 28-30, 36-37, 40, 42, 43, 47, 55, 56, 57, 80-83, 85-95, 107, 114, 128, 135, 208, 292, 349, 445, 450, 461, 462, 491, 492, 497, 522, 528, 531, 532, 533, 552, 565, 640, 748, 897

  Gauls, 28, 41, 481, 617, 903

  Gaultier de Coincy, 557, 747

  Gaunilo, 933

  Gawain, 822, 1045, 1046

  Gayamurth, 269

  Gaza, 132, 282, 607

  Ge Hinnom (Sheol), 355

  Gebel al-Tariq, 291

  Gebir, see Hayyan, Jabir ibn

  Gelasius I, St., 42

  Gellius, Aulus, 32

  Gemaras, 185, 211, 226, 350-352, 401, 409

  gems, 287, 304, 440, 455, 613, 833, 835, 847, 848, 849, 876, 908, 992, 1005

  generation, spontaneous, 994

  Genesis, 66, 78, 134, 352*, 370*, 405, 412, 416, 417, 489, 490

  Julian on, 15-16

  genethlialogy, 987-988

  Geneva, 463, 615, 687

  Genevieve, St., 848

  Gengra, Council of, 45

  Genoa, 100, 404, 448, 451, 586, 592, 599, 602, 606, 612, 615, 617, 620, 624, 626, 627, 628, 630, 635, 638, 641, 652, 663, 705, 712, 713, 722, 811, 812, 868, 989, 992, 1064, 1080, 1085

  Bank of, 713

  Genoese, 456, 605, 608, 708, 709, 862, 994

  Geoffrey of Anjou, 670*

  Geoffrey de Lusignan, 596

  Geoffrey of Monmouth, 81, 1019, 1045

  Geoffrey de Noyers, 884

  Geoffrey, Bishop of Chartres, 940

  geography, 242, 244, 329, 612, 992, 993, 994, 1007, 1009, 1010, 1084

  geology, 248, 992, 994, 1067

  geomancy, 911, 987

  geometry, 242, 244, 273, 438, 915, 1011

  Egyptian, 989

  of refraction, 996

  George, Admiral, 704

  George, Bishop of Alexandria, 18

  George, St., 591, 743, 1021-1022

  Georgia, 308, 340, 440

  Gerald of Wales (Giraldus Cambrensis), 499, 681, 735-736, 786, 899, 908, 982*, 992

  Gerard of Cremona, 241, 247, 403, 911, 912

  Gerbert of Aurillac (Sylvester II), 342, 445, 450, 475, 479, 512-513, 540, 586, 909, 988, 989

  Gerbold, St., 986

  Gerhoh of Reichersburg, 572

  Gerona, 400

  Germain, St., 531

  Germania (Tacitus), 23*

  Germans, 12, 13, 23, 25, 30, 38, 41, 43, 80, 89, 90, 202, 321, 444, 453, 454, 471, 492, 509, 510-516, 536, 544, 593, 594, 595, 618, 624, 655, 658, 659, 664, 666, 685, 686, 832, 838, 848, 897, 903

  Germanus, Bishop of Auxerre, 533

  Germany, 12, 81, 208, 236, 320, 328, 384, 387, 391, 393, 400, 417, 443, 444, 445, 446, 447, 450, 461, 466, 471, 473, 475, 480, 509, 510-516, 525, 531, 532, 534-535, 537, 543, 545, 546-547, 548, 550, 553, 554, 564, 568, 571, 575, 578, 589, 594, 598, 600, 603, 609, 610, 615, 619, 622, 624, 626, 627, 631, 633, 634, 638, 640, 642, 646, 658, 660, 661-665, 686, 688, 690, 695, 714, 715, 716, 717, 722, 724, 756, 760, 763, 765, 766, 768, 770, 774, 784, 801, 809-810, 813, 815, 835, 842, 850, 857, 868, 870, 882, 886, 893, 901, 903, 905, 906, 913, 935, 960, 984, 992, 1002, 1003, 1004, 1033, 1040, 1041, 1045, 1046, 1049