The Age of Faith

  eastern, 661, 788

  southern, 1039

  western, 534, 553, 1025

  Gershom ben Jehuda, 369, 380, 400-401

  Gervase of Canterbury, 884

  Gesta Danorum (Absalon of Lund), 1019

  Gesta Francorum, 591, 1019

  Gesta pontificum (William of Malmesbury), 1019

  Gesta regum Anglorum (William of Malmesbury), 1019

  Gesta Romanorum, 1019

  Geza I, 658

  Geza, Prince, 445

  Ghassan, 157, 171

  Ghazali, al-, 255, 256, 257, 279, 331-333, 405, 406, 911, 954, 957, 963, 1068

  Ghazni, 203, 204, 231, 243, 247, 249, 268

  Ghent, 466, 474, 476, 618, 623, 640, 642, 648, 685, 886, 888

  Gherardesca, Ugolino della, 1073, 1080

  Gherardo da Borgo, 809

  Ghibellines, 811, 815

  Gibbon, Edward, 156*, 239

  Gibbs, J. Willard, 995

  Gibraltar, 291, 292, 307, 414, 617

  Gilbert de la Porree, 476, 479, 945, 950-951

  Gilbert, St., 792

  Gildas, 81, 575

  Gilson, Etienne, 964*

  Giotto, 657, 793, 802, 811, 846, 852, 855, 888, 890, 1066, 1082

  campanile of, 865

  Giovanni da Capistrano, St., 387

  Giovanni Pisano, 861-862, 889

  Giralda, Seville, 315, 329, 342, 891

  Giraldus Cambrensis, see Gerald of Wales

  girls, 778, 807, 823, 879, 913, 914, 915

  Gisela, daughter of Charlemagne, 466

  Gisela, wife of Stephen I, 445

  Giudecca, Venice, 711

  Giuki, 1033

  Giunta Pisano, 854

  Glaber, Ralph, 542

  gladiatorial shows, 844

  Glanville, Ranulf de, 678

  Glaser, Eduard, 155*

  glass, 275, 286, 311, 318, 440, 624, 836, 849-850, 874, 880, 892, 997

  burning, 289

  Egyptian and Syrian, 287

  enameled, 276, 287, 856

  mirrors, 613

  Saracen, 318*

  stained, 134, 317, 611, 850, 851, 852, 853, 856-857, 872, 875, 878, 879, 882, 884, 886, 887, 891, 892

  Venetian, 613

  glassmakers, 342, 375, 491, 850

  glasses, magnifying, 996

  Glastonbury, 491, 752

  gleemen, 489, 901, 1054

  globe, celestial, 329

  Glossa ordinaria (Accursius the elder), 917

  Glossary of Drugs (Maimonides), 409

  “glossators,” 630, 917

  Gloria, 749

  Gloucester Cathedral, 871, 882, 883

  Glycerius, 42

  Gobi Desert, 155, 993

  God, 47, 62, 73, 75, 89, 90, 92, 93, 96, 100, 107, 124, 127, 130, 131, 163, 167, 168, 175, 177, 178, 179, 181, 182, 184, 192, 211, 212, 213, 214, 217, 221, 222, 223, 225, 235, 239, 245, 249-250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 258, 259, 260, 265, 266, 269, 305, 324, 331, 332, 334, 337, 353-356, 359, 367-368, 382, 390, 399, 400, 406, 411, 412, 413, 414, 415, 416, 417, 418, 478, 518, 523, 542, 548, 587, 630, 646, 672, 724, 734, 736, 738, 741, 769, 779, 785, 794, 796, 797, 798, 808, 810, 820, 824, 825, 826, 828, 829, 895, 896, 907, 930, 932, 933, 938, 940, 943, 944, 945, 946, 950, 952, 957-958, 959, 960, 964, 967, 968, 969, 971, 972, 973, 974, 975, 976, 981, 988, 992, 1003, 1006, 1008, 1009, 1017, 1029, 1041, 1048, 1052, 1056, 1057, 1063, 1067-1068, 1069, 1074, 1077, 1078, 1079

  grace of, 68-69, 70, 260, 523, 674, 1065, 1075

  knowledge of, 70, 258, 412

  love of, 324, 940, 941, 946

  nature of, 176, 951

  will of, 477, 665, 1004, 1063

  wisdom of, 250, 940, 946

  word of, 186, 211, 353, 407, 523, 706, 790, 945

  Godfrey of Bouillon, 389, 589, 590, 591, 592

  Godfrey of Lorraine, 543

  gods, 354, 507, 984, 1047

  Godgifa (Godiva), 488

  Godwin, Earl, 493

  Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 399, 739, 795, 905, 1039, 1053

  goiter, 999

  gold, 287, 465, 847, 848, 851, 876

  Golden Book of Venice, 710

  “Golden Bull,” 658

  Golden Fleece, order of, 578

  Golden Horde, 656

  Golden Horn, 4, 424, 650

  Golden Legend (Voragine), 747, 1022, 1053

  Goldsmith, Oliver, 159

  goldsmiths, 376, 440, 491, 846, 848, 849

  goliards, 900, 1025, 1027, 1053

  Good Friday, 1028

  “good sense,” 327*

  Gorm, 502

  Goslar, 622, 769, 778

  Gospel, 51, 184, 186, 211, 212, 243, 367, 490, 499, 521, 532, 739, 803, 852, 965, 977, 982

  Fourth, 15, 749, 776

  “Lothaire,” 479

  “Vienna,” 466

  gospels, apocryphal, 828, 853, 857

  Gotha, battle of, 444

  Gothic, architecture, 127, 689, 697, 859, 861-894, 895, 897, 899, 949

  art, 441

  Byzantine-Romanesque, 888

  decorated, 883, 884, 885

  early English, 883, 885

  English, 882-885

  flamboyant, 893

  French, 874, 875-882, 887, 891, 893

  German, 886-887

  glass, 882

  Italian, 887-890

  Northern, 892

  perpendicular, 883, 893

  Spanish, 890-892

  Tuscan, 888, 889, 890

  Gothic alphabet, 46

  “Gothic War,” no, 456, 519

  Goths, 4, 22, 23-25, 27, 36, 39, 42, 46, 47, 80, 86, 87, 99, 100, 109, 110, 115, 150, 434, 446, 456, 458, 507, 510, 579, 605

  Gotland, 619, 666

  Gottfried of Strasbourg, 905, 1048-1049

  Gottschalk, 477, 589

  government, 294, 296, 309, 311, 312, 450, 467, 468, 565, 726, 729, 759, 812, 818, 828, 903, 917, 952, 1015, 1016, 1063, 1084

  Islamic, 225-227, 442

  representative, 504, 641, 679, 758, 1083

  in Spain, 700

  Visigothic, 370

  Gozihr, 142

  Gozlin, Bishop of Paris, 474

  Gradenigo, Pietro, 709

  graduates, university, 929, 930

  grammar, 288, 336, 371, 438, 466, 530, 912, 915, 1007

  chair of, 914

  German, 466

  Greek, 1009

  Hebrew, 368, 395-396, 1009

  Grammar (Priscian), 124

  grammarians, 305, 319, 395, 497, 525

  Granada, 96, 271, 296, 298, 300, 304, 307, 315, 316, 338, 371, 372, 396, 397, 398, 575, 698

  granaries, municipal, 641

  Grand Book on Music (al-Farabi), 279

  Grand Canal, Venice, 619, 711, 868

  “Grand Catalan Company,” 651

  Grande Encyclopédie (Diderot), 1016

  Gratian, 25, 34, 77, 85, 86, 630, 754-755, 820, 916, 1077

  gravitation, 328, 867, 997

  Gray, John de, Bishop of Norwich, 674

  Great Charter, 677

  Great Council of 1254, 678, 679

  Great Khan, 608, 656, 993

  “Great Russians,” 445, 654

  Greco, El, 440, 891

  Greece, 3, 19, 27, 38, 44, 76, 118, 129, 134, 136, 138, 139, 143, 145, 147, 204, 208, 228, 241, 245, 249, 423, 426, 428, 434, 441, 442, 446, 453, 529, 530, 651, 831, 847, 857, 861, 893, 895, 901, 913, 989, 990, 1027, 1085, 1086

  rediscovery of, 240, 249-250, 443

  greed, 379, 531, 534, 819, 820, 842, 844

  Greek Anthology, 124, 437

  Greek Church, 811

  fire, 424-425, 997

  Greeks, 23, 27, 41, 82, 119, 134, 136, 137, 144, 147, 157, 189, 190, 192, 242, 243, 244, 258, 279, 280, 282, 290, 321, 328, 415, 424, 425, 432, 443, 444, 446, 507, 528, 544, 587, 593, 595, 604, 605, 619, 709, 763, 765, 831, 903, 931, 984, 996, 1001, 1002, 1006

  Greene, Robert, 1014

  Greenland, 502, 504, 508, 510

  Gregory I the Great, St., 55, 388, 519-524, 526, 533
-534, 554, 633, 733, 735, 737, 748, 764, 820, 821, 831, 895, 896, 907

  Gregory II, St., 426, 535

  Gregory III, St., 451

  Gregory V, 539

  Gregory VI, 540, 545

  Gregory VII, St. (Hildebrand), 74, 93, 94, 388, 450, 469, 484, 494, 513-514, 526, 542, 545-551 586, 658, 667, 757, 758, 760, 762, 813, 817, 937

  Gregory IX, 370, 388, 393, 607, 612, 631, 655, 716, 719-722, 723, 734, 755, 759, 764, 775, 779-780, 783, 784, 817, 914, 923, 954, 1085

  Gregory X, Blessed, 389, 765, 768, 811, 963

  Gregory, Bishop of Alexandria, 8

  Gregory Nazianzen, St., 55, 62-63, 78, 441, 1028

  Gregory of Nyassa, St., 62

  Gregory of Tours, St., 91, 92, 349, 856, 1002

  “Grey Goose,” 506

  grilles, 286, 865

  grocer, 620

  Grosseteste, Robert, 628, 843, 884, 912, 925, 980, 988, 991, 992, 995, 996, 1006, 1009, 1010, 1011, 1012, 1016, 1029

  Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, 493, 496

  Gruoch, wife of Macbeth, 501

  Guadalquivir River, 302, 315, 645

  Gudrun, 1033

  Guelfs, 594, 727, 729, 730, 811

  Guesclin, Bertrand du, 563

  guesthouses, 829, 921-922

  Gui, Bernard, 780, 783

  Guibert of Nogent, 541, 639, 745

  Guibert, Archbishop of Ravenna, 550

  Guide to the Duties of the Heart (Bahya), 910

  Guide to the Perplexed (Maimonides), 401-412, 414, 910, 961, 964

  Guido, Archbishop of Milan, 457

  Guido of Arezzo, 897-898

  Guido, Duke of Tuscany, 538

  Guido da Polenta, 1065

  Guido da Siena, 854

  Guido of Vigevano, 989

  guilds, 140, 262, 376, 436, 618, 629, 633-637, 640, 648, 649, 700, 708, 727, 729, 730, 752, 753, 826, 831, 841, 847, 854, 863, 864, 893, 917, 920, 1025, 1083

  craft, 635-637, 648, 727

  English, 634, 826

  Flemish, 886

  Florentine, 890

  student, 917

  textile, 826

  of women, 826

  Guillaume, Durand, 748, 899

  Guillaume de Lorris, 1051-1053

  Guillaume le Maire, 756

  guilt, 736, 816, 820, 1013

  Guinevere, 1037, 1045

  Guinzelli, Guido, 1057, 1075

  Guiscard, Bohemond, 453

  Guiscard, Robert, 452, 543, 550, 589, 703, 1078

  Guiscard, Roger, 453

  Gulistan (Sa’adi), 327

  Gundobad, 89-90

  Gunnar, 505, 1033

  Gunnbjörn Ulfsson, 504

  gunpowder, 425, 570, 611, 997, 1010-1011, 1015, 1084

  Gunther, 1034-1035

  Gunthram, 92, 349

  Gurgan, 144, 231, 247

  Gurnemanz, 1048

  Gutenberg, Johann, 277

  Guthrum, 483

  Guy de Dampierre, 685, 686

  Guy de Lusignan, 596, 597, 598, 599

  Guyot of Provins, 834

  Gyda, wife of Harald Haarfager, 502

  gynecological treatises, 404

  Haakon the Good, 503

  Haakon “the Great Earl,” 503

  Haarlem, 640, 686

  Habbus, King, 371, 397

  habeas corpus, 677, 1083

  Habib, ibn, 338

  Hadi, al-, 197, 220

  Hadith, 211-212, 226, 227, 236, 238, 250, 288, 332

  Hadram, al-, 304-305

  Hadrian I, 452, 470, 748

  Hadrian II, 462, 541

  Hadrian IV, 662, 681, 707, 760-761, 952

  Hadrian V, 1075

  Hadrian, Emperor, 114, 861

  Wall of, 108, 501

  Hadrianople (Adrianople), 24, 428, 436, 569, 605

  Hafiz, 322

  Hafsa, 172, 181

  Hagar, 161, 216

  haggada, 352

  Hague, The, 686

  Haimon of Normandy, 878

  Hainault, 648, 685, 686

  Haitham (Alhazen), Muhammad ibn, al-, 244, 249, 288-289, 995, 1011, 1012

  Hajjaj ibn Yusuf, al-, 193

  Hakam II, 293-294, 304

  Hakim, al-, 285, 286, 287, 288, 585

  halacha, 185, 352, 353

  Halévy, Joseph, 155

  Halfdan the Black, 502

  Hallaj, Husein al-, 258

  Hamadan, 232, 247, 248

  Hamburg, 618, 624, 642, 665

  Hamdan ibn al-Ashrath (Qarmat), 261-262

  Hamdanids, 202

  Hamdis, ibn, 291

  Hamilton, Sir William, 983

  Hammad, 263

  Hammadids, 314

  Hammer, J. von, 322

  Hamza, 169

  Hanbal, Ahmad ibn, 226-227, 251

  handicrafts, 298, 375-376, 514, 552, 696, 706, 710, 785, 1083

  hanging, death by, 378, 392, 393, 707, 778

  Hanifa ibn Thabit, Abu, 226

  Hanifi, al-, 720

  Hanifs, 163

  Hanseatic League, 376, 506, 616, 618-619, 620, 633, 654-655, 666, 700

  Hanukkah, festival of, 359

  Hapsburg counts, 687

  Harald Bluetooth, 502, 536

  Harald Haarfager, 502-503, 504, 509

  Harald Hardrada, 494-495

  Harald Harefoot, 493

  Harald the Stern, 504

  Haram al-Sharif, Al-, Jerusalem, 228

  harbors, 666, 994

  Harding, St. Stephen, 788, 789

  harem, 221-222, 223, 299, 433, 471

  Hariri, Abu Muhammad al-, 320

  harmony, 847, 899, 1085

  Harold II, 493-495, 496, 684, 851, 924

  Harran, 239, 253

  Harrow, 578

  Harthacnut, 493

  Hartker, illuminator at St. Gall, 852

  Hartmann von Aue, 905, 1049

  Harun al-Rashid, 150, 196-200, 201, 203, 207, 208, 220, 221, 222, 225, 231, 232, 233, 235, 236, 246, 250, 264, 278, 280, 297, 313, 333, 343, 370, 428, 440, 469

  Harvey, William, 403

  Harz Mountains, 622

  Hasan, son of Ali, 192, 193

  Hashim, 162, 166

  Hashimites, 165, 191, 195, 210

  Hastings, battle of, 495, 851

  Hater of Beards (Julian), 19

  Haura, al-, 596

  hawking, 786, 928

  Hawqal, ibn, 208, 230, 242, 290-291

  Hayy ibn Yaqzan (ibn Tufail), 334-335

  Hayyan, Jabir ibn (Gebir), 245, 249, 315, 996

  Hazm, Abu Muhammad Ali ibn, 305

  heaven, 331, 342, 355, 498, 530, 733, 743, 820, 943, 976*, 978, 1046, 1067-1068, 1070, 1076-1081

  heavens, motion of, 991, 1011-1012

  observation of, 402-403

  Hebrides, 502, 532, 683, 754

  Hegira, 166, 372

  Heimskringla (Snorri Sturluson), 1032

  Heine, Heinrich, 365, 396, 905

  Heinrich von Meissen, 1042

  Helen of Troy, 1022, 1070

  Helena, mother of Constantine I, 5

  Helena, wife of Julian the Apostate, 11, 13

  hell, 322, 331, 333, 342, 355, 478, 523, 732, 733, 736, 820, 825, 843, 907, 928, 933, 974, 986, 988, 991, 992, 1009, 1028, 1038, 1050, 1058, 1065, 1067, 1068, 1069-1073, 1074, 1080, 1081

  heliocentric system, 991

  Heliodorus, 1044

  Hellenism, 19, 21, 219

  Hellespont, 425, 594, 599

  Héloïse, 827, 903, 914, 934, 935-938, 942-944, 947, 948, 1018

  hemophilia, 357

  hemorrhages, 800*

  Hengist and Horsa, 80

  Henoticon (Zeno), 115, 103

  Henri de Mondeville, 1001, 1016

  Henry I, King of England, 571, 625, 668, 669

  laws of, 676

  Henry I “the Fowler,” Holy Roman Emperor, 511, 660

  Henry I, King of France, 480

  Henry II, King of England, 377, 392, 598, 626, 640, 670-674, 678, 679, 681-684, 689, 690, 761, 768, 784, 828, 987, 1042, 1075
br />   Henry II, Duke of Bavaria, 445

  Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor, St., 400, 513, 766

  Henry III, King of England, 378, 392, 567, 628, 677, 678, 683, 684, 693, 695, 817, 861, 883, 885

  Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor, 513, 540, 543, 571, 658, 660, 778, 1020

  Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, 389, 453, 480, 494, 513-514, 545, 546, 548-550, 586, 589, 658, 661, 662, 663, 667

  Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor, 514, 661, 760

  Henry X, Duke of Bavaria, 661

  Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, 663, 673, 705, 714, 761, 778, 1041, 1063-1064

  Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor, 664

  Henry VIII, King of England, 427, 678

  Henry, Abbot of Clairvaux, 821

  Henry of Aragon, 909

  Henry, Bishop of Strasbourg, 784

  Henry, Bishop of Uppsala, St., 659

  Henry, brother of Otto I, 511

  Henry, brother of Otto IV, 715

  Henry, Count of Burgundy, 701

  Henry of Ghent, 958

  Henry of Huntingdon, 681

  Henry the Lion, 861

  Henry, Archbishop of Mainz, 391

  Henry Raspe, Landgrave of Thuringia, 723

  Henry, Count of Schwerin, 666

  Henry, son of Frederick II, 715, 716, 722

  Henry, son of Henry II (England), 672

  Heraclea, 436, 453

  Heracleides Ponticus, 991

  Heracleitus, 353*, 1070

  Heraclius, father of Emperor Heraclius, 423-424

  Heraclius, 140, 147, 149, 151, 189, 389, 423-425, 430, 433, 434, 437, 440, 524

  heraldry, 342, 562, 669, 835

  Herat, 191, 232, 268, 276, 278, 308, 312, 339

  mosque of, 274

  herbals, 853, 997

  heresy, 46-50, 249, 276, 301, 335, 338, 374, 410, 413, 415, 478, 525, 528-530, 543, 564, 567, 722, 725, 734, 755, 769-785, 790, 801-3, 824, 922, 923, 926, 930, 940, 945, 946, 956, 957-958, 967, 974, 977, 1000

  Albigensian, 373, 415, 764, 769-776, 923, 954

  Arian, 771

  Bogomil, 444

  Catharist, 773

  Florentine, 783

  Jewish, 367

  Moslem, 257-262, 312

  Paterine, 708

  Pelagian, 533

  Waldensian, 708

  Herion, 130

  Herman of Salza, 715

  Hermandad de Castilla, 699

  Herman, Bishop of Bamberg, 548

  Hermann, Archbishop of Cologne, 390

  Hermann, Landgrave of Thuringia, 1047

  Hermann, Bishop of Metz, 547

  Hero of Alexandria, 240, 912, 990, 1009

  Hero and Leander (Musaeus), 124

  Herodotus, 126, 161, 238, 989

  “Heroic” cycle, 498

  Heroides (Ovid), 1018, 1085