The Conquering Tide

  Cavalla (submarine), 471, 473, 475, 485

  Cavite Naval Base, Manila Bay, 254–55

  Cawley, David, 404

  Central Pacific Fleet, see Fifth Fleet, U.S.

  central Pacific offensive, 237, 314, 320

  Brooke’s opposition to, 307–12

  conservative deployment of carriers in, 373

  interservice sensitivities in, 321

  King’s advocacy of, 235, 306–7, 308, 313

  Kwajalein landing in, see Kwajalein, Battle of

  leapfrogging strategy in, 384, 401, 403

  MacArthur’s opposition to, 306, 313

  Marianas in, see Marianas campaign

  Nimitz and, 312–13, 317

  Spruance placed in command of, 315–16

  submarine warfare in, 368–69, 402, 413

  central Pacific offensive, air war in, 368–83

  airfield attacks in, 388

  Bat Team tactics in, 374–76

  dogfights in, 371, 388

  Japanese losses in, 456

  Japanese night attacks in, 369–70, 381–82

  U.S. night attacks in, 412

  Chambers, Justice, 21, 36

  Chambers, USS, 50

  Chambliss, William C., 110, 111

  Chamorros, 511, 517, 521

  Charan Kanoa, 465, 468

  Cheetah Shoals, 23

  CHERRY BLOSSOM, Operation, 236

  Chevalier, USS, 234–35

  Chiang Kai-Shek, xxii, 437

  Chicago, USS, 36, 43, 45–46, 53, 57, 60, 183

  Chichi Jima, 440, 449, 463, 464

  Chikuma, 69, 78, 150

  Childs, Marquis, 87

  China:

  basing of B-29s in, 437–38

  in war with Japan, 437

  China Air Fleet, 447

  China Incident (1937), 429

  Chinese air force, Japanese superiority over, xxii

  Chitose, 69, 453

  chivalry, modern warfare and, 204

  Chiyoda, 257–58, 491

  Choiseul Island, 42

  Chokai, 41, 42, 45, 46, 48

  Christie, Ralph, 278

  as Southwest Pacific Area submarine commander, 280

  torpedo performance defended by, 280–81

  Chuo Koran, 528–29

  Churchill, Winston, 9, 94, 128n, 308, 311, 390

  map room of, 93

  TORCH proposed by, 97

  and U.S. pressure for invasion of France, 95, 96

  CINCPAC, 297–98, 477

  CINCPAC Hill, 519–20

  Civilian Conservation Corps, 88

  Clark, Joseph J. “Jocko,” 327, 368, 370, 371, 382, 388, 463, 472–73, 474, 477

  Cherokee ancestry of, 326

  competitiveness of, 329

  conservative deployment of carrier criticized by, 373

  and Japanese Kwajalein counterattack, 379–80

  in Kwajalein raid, 377

  in Operation TORCH, 327–28

  personality and appearance of, 326–27

  Pownall and, 341

  and Pownall’s refusal to order second strike in Kwajalein, 379, 381, 382–83

  in race to beat Essex to Pearl Harbor, 328–29

  SB2Cs rejected by, 331–32

  as stern taskmaster, 326–27, 330–31

  as Yorktown (CV-10) commander, 328–29

  as “Young Turk,” 326

  Clarke, Charles P., 44

  Clemens, Martin, 141, 156

  as Guadalcanal district officer, xxiv–xxviii

  in Guadalcanal campaign, 66–67, 71, 72, 73, 107, 140

  in move to Palapao, xxviii

  in move to Vungana, xxix–xxx

  native constabulary of, xxviii, xxix, 72, 74

  coastwatching service, xxiv–xxv, xxvi, xxvii, 37–38, 66, 99–100, 157

  Cogswell, USS, 253

  Colorado, USS, 301, 343

  Columbia University, xv

  Combat Information Centers (CICs), 233, 369, 371, 387, 480–82

  Combat Intelligence Unit (“Station Hypo”), 203

  Combined Chiefs of Staff (CCOS), 232, 235, 307, 309, 312, 437, 438

  Combined Fleet, Japanese, 9, 68, 82, 105, 118, 122, 147, 201, 202, 224, 368, 403, 404, 416, 418, 446, 454, 531

  restructuring of, 447

  COMSOPAC staff:

  esprit de corps of, 198–99

  in move to Noumea quarters, 199–200

  Conger, Jack, 101

  Congress, U.S., partisanship in, 87–88

  Conolly, Richard L., 390, 391–92, 458, 511

  Cooke, Charles M., Jr. “Savvy,” 325

  Cooperman, Al, 380

  Coral Sea, xvii, xxix, 13, 23

  Coral Sea, Battle of, xxvi–xxvii, 7, 59, 79, 83, 102, 124, 154, 186, 220, 301

  Corlett, Charles H., 396

  Corregidor Island, Philippines, xxi

  MacArthur’s escape from, 216–17

  Cowpens, USS, 368, 405, 411, 495

  Creehan, E. P., 153

  Creswell, L. B., 73

  Crevalle, USS, 453

  Crommelin, Charlie, 370

  Crossing the Line (Kernan), 374

  Crowe, Henry P., 355, 358

  Cruiser Division 6, Japanese, 41

  Cruiser Division 8, Japanese, 154

  Crutchley, Victor A. C., 20, 42, 455

  Cruz Point, Guadalcanal, 190

  CUB-1 (navy construction team), 71–72, 103

  Curtin, John, 216

  Curtiss, Glenn, 323

  Curtiss, USS, 148

  Cushing, USS, 163

  Daijo Zen, 538

  Daimler-Benz, 427

  Dale, USS, 14, 110

  Daly, Joseph R., 32

  Dashiell, USS, 344

  Davis, Arthur C., 79, 107–8

  Davis, Bill, 296, 303–4

  Dealey, Samuel D., 453

  defense industry:

  African Americans in, 247–48

  in Hawaii, 295–96

  in San Francisco, 246–49

  unions in, 249

  women in, 248

  de Gaulle, Charles, 200

  Democrats, 88

  Depression, Great, 85–86

  Destroyer Division 45, 236

  Dewey, 22

  DeWitt, John L., 444

  Dickson, Donald, 26, 35

  Diller, LeGrande “Pick,” 219

  Dirty Tricks Department, 232, 235

  Doak, Ralph, 354

  Dodson, Ken, 396–97

  Dolphin, 92

  Domei News Service, 536–37

  Doolittle, James H., 7

  Doolittle Raid, 7

  Dower, John, 507

  Duncan, Donald, 300–301, 302, 329

  Duncan, USS, 135

  Dutch East Indies, xxiii, 441

  oil fields of, 449

  dysentary, 64

  East Brother Island Station, 252

  Eastern Solomons, Battle of the, 77–82, 80

  East Indies, 255, 418

  Edson, Merritt, 104, 106, 156, 359

  Efate, 11, 13, 14, 15, 60, 70, 132

  Eichelberger, Robert L., 220

  Eighteenth Army, Japanese, 224

  Eighth Area Army, Japanese, 179, 224

  Eighth Base Force, Japanese, 40

  Eighth Fleet, Japanese, 29, 40–41, 67, 105, 189

  in Battle of Savo Island, 43–51

  8th Infantry Brigade Group (New Zealand), 236

  8th Marine Regiment, 352, 354

  Eisenhower, Dwight D., 10

  elections, U.S., of 1942, 86–87, 97, 146

  Eleventh Air Fleet, Japanese, 105, 122, 189

  ELKTON offensive, see New Georgia campaign

  Ellice Islands, 333, 389

  U.S. invasion of, 315

  Elliott, USS, 51

  Emirau Island, U.S. landings on, 242

  Empress Augusta Bay, Bougainville, 235, 340

  Engebi Island, 399, 400

  English, Robert Henry, 255, 257, 260, 278, 280

  Eniwetok, Battle of, 3
89–90, 400, 441

  captured Japanese documents in planning of, 399–400

  Eniwetok Atoll, 398–99, 418, 460

  Japanese forces on, 399

  Eniwetok Expeditionary Group (Task Group 51.11), 399

  Enterprise, USS, 7, 17, 20, 21, 33, 59, 76, 77–80, 83, 107, 127, 146, 149–50, 151, 154, 166, 167, 168, 186, 193, 194, 340, 373, 374, 376, 404, 405, 407, 484, 493, 495

  in Battle of Eastern Solomons, 79–83

  in Battle of Santa Cruz Islands, 149–52, 160

  casualties on, 83–84

  Escort Carrier Group, 364

  Espiritu Santo, 13, 43, 62, 70, 76, 83, 102, 108, 125, 132, 142, 167, 172, 191, 193

  primitive conditions at, 129

  Seabees on, 14–15

  Essex, USS, 300, 381, 388, 404, 405, 412, 428

  Everton, Loren D. “Doc,” 70, 73

  Ewa Field, 70

  F4F Wildcats, 32, 79, 303

  in dog fights with Zeros, 31–34, 100–101

  F6F Hellcats, 302–4

  “face”, loss of, in Japanese Navy, 447

  Fahey, James J., 194, 211, 212, 236–37, 480, 501, 509

  Farragut, David, 145

  Fast Carrier Force, see Task Force 58

  Felt, Harry D., 76–78

  Fife, James, Jr., 264, 265, 271, 278

  5th Marine Regiment, 34–35, 73, 156

  5th Naval Construction Brigade, 517

  Fifth Air Attack Force, Japanese, 67

  Fifth Air Force, U.S., 223, 224, 236, 238, 420, 438

  “skip-bombing” technique of, 224–25

  Fifth Amphibious Corps (VAC), 317, 321, 434, 458, 459, 468

  H. Smith as commander of, 317

  Fifth Amphibious Force, 333

  Fifth Fleet, U.S., 237, 242, 313, 315, 316, 339, 373, 384, 386, 402, 419, 436, 438, 449, 453, 456, 531

  amphibious fleet of, 317

  Spruance appointed commander of, 315, 325

  Fifty-First Division, Japanese, 179

  Fiji Archipelago, 11, 20, 21, 125, 190

  Finschafen, New Guinea, 239

  fire control systems, 49, 153, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 186

  1st Marine Division, 12, 15–16

  in assault on Cape Gloucester, 240

  in evacuation from Guadalcanal, 209

  in Guadalcanal campaign, see Guadalcanal campaign

  in Marshall Islands campaign, 313

  in Melbourne, 209–10, 212

  Tulagi landing of, 26, 29

  1st Marine Engineer Battalion, 69

  1st Marine Raider Battalion, 21, 104, 106

  1st Provisional Marine Brigade, 512

  First Air Fleet, Japanese, 449, 452, 463

  First Battleship Division, Japanese, 450, 473

  First Marine Amphibious Corps, 236

  First Mobile Fleet, Japanese, 447, 461–62, 469–72, 473, 497, 530, 531

  in A-Go battle plan, 449

  crude oil employed as fuel for, 451

  fuel shortages of, 448

  inexperience of pilots in, 447–48

  submarine threat and, 448

  U.S. submarine tracking of, 453

  Fitch, Aubrey “Jake,” 129, 158

  Flatley, Jimmy, 167, 330

  Fleet Radio Unit Pacific (FRUPAC), 284

  Fletcher, Frank Jack, 108, 220

  and Battle of the Eastern Solomons, 77–79, 83

  in Guadalcanal campaign, 20, 22, 23, 30–31, 34, 37, 43, 51, 57–58, 60, 61–62

  and KA-Go counteroffensive, 75–76

  in Solomons offensive, 107–8

  Fletcher, USS, 161

  FLINTLOCK, Operation, see Kwajalein, Battle of

  Flying Fish, USS, 253, 471

  Fomalhaut, USS, 61

  FORAGER, Operation, see Marianas campaign

  Forrestal, James V., 325, 398, 436

  Forty-Seventh Independent, 459

  Forty-Third Division, 459, 460

  Foss, Joe, 100, 137

  442nd Regimental Combat Team, 295

  475th Fighter Group, 223

  4th Marine Division, 457, 468, 498–99, 510, 512–13

  in Kwajalein battle, 390, 391–95

  Fourth Infantry Regiment, Japanese, 156

  Fox, Clifford, 102

  France, Vichy regime in, 200

  France, Finley, Jr., 380

  Franks, USS, 364

  Fraser, Peter, 197

  Fraser, Thomas E., 169

  Free French, 200

  Freemantle, 255

  Fujita, Iyozo, 157, 425

  Fukudome, Shigeru, 405, 446

  Fulton, USS, 265

  Funafuti atoll, 333, 342, 370

  Furlong, William R., 292

  Furutaka, 41, 46

  Galvan, David, 71, 106

  GALVANIC, Operation, 315, 317, 320, 325, 333, 345, 364, 367, 499

  carrier operations in, 340–42

  chain of command in, 318–19

  Ellice Islands landings in, 315

  Funafuti atoll as forward base for, 333

  interservice rivalries in, 362, 434

  land-based air support for, 333

  logistics of, 332–33

  Nauru landings in, 315

  Nimitz and, 325

  Spruance and, 325

  Towers and, 325

  Turner and, 325

  see also Tarawa, Battle of

  Gard, Ray, 339

  Garrett, Vern, 355

  Gavutu Island, xxiii, 25, 75

  Japanese resistance on, 36–37

  Geiger, Roy, 103, 106, 130, 136, 138, 458, 497–98, 511, 513

  in Guadalcanal campaign, 140

  George, Flavius J., 161, 163

  George III, King of England, 253

  George F. Elliott, USS, 39, 45

  Germany, Nazi, xiii, 94

  air campaign against, 128

  eastern front and, 11, 94, 96, 308–9, 530

  Getting, Frank, 45

  Gettysburg, Battle of, 366

  Ghormley, Robert L., 12, 15, 16–17, 20, 56, 198, 199, 514

  appointed COMSOPAC, 12

  deteriorating health of, 125, 143

  FDR and, 143

  and Guadalcanal campaign, 18, 22, 43, 57, 58, 60, 62, 83, 109, 123, 125–26, 134, 142

  KA-Go counteroffensive and, 75

  relieved of command, 143–44

  in Solomons offensive, 107

  Gilbert Islands, 13, 237, 319, 333, 419

  aerial and submarine reconnaissance of, 321–22

  lack of accurate charts for, 321

  U.S. airfields in, 389

  U.S. invasion of, 314–15, 342

  Ginder, Samuel P., 399

  Gizo Harbor, 105

  Goettge, Frank, 65–66

  Goto, Aritomo, 135

  Great Britain:

  buildup of U.S. forces in, 95, 96

  Germany-first strategy of, 306, 308, 310–11

  Mediterranean operation advocated by, 309, 311

  Great Depression, 85–86

  Green Islands, U.S. landing on, 240, 242

  Greenman, Captain, 51–52

  Greenman, William G., 47

  Grider, George W., 257, 258, 259, 260, 262, 265, 267, 268, 272, 273

  Grumman Corporation, 304

  Guadalcanal, Naval Battle of, 174

  Japanese defeat in, 174

  Phase One of, 162–66, 164

  Phase Two of, 168–73, 171

  Guadalcanal campaign, xxxi, 16, 17–18, 27, 58, 95, 97, 123, 130–31, 142, 257, 317, 318, 416, 417, 458, 501, 514–15

  aerial reconnaissance for, 19

  aftermath of, 189–90

  army reinforcements as lacking in, 131–32, 159

  chain of command in, 20, 60

  coastwatchers and, 99–100

  as decisive conflict in Pacific War, 120

  deteriorating Japanese morale in, 175

  disease and, 64, 131, 175

  “Dugout Sunday” (October 25) in, 156

  Edson’s Ridge (Bloody Ridge) i
n, 104, 106, 121, 130

  1st Marine Division evacuated from, 209

  first Japanese counterstrike against, see Savo Island, Battle of

  food supplies in, 61, 99, 132

  Halsey’s appointment as morale booster in, 145

  Hirohito and, 122

  inadequacy of maps for, 18–19

  intelligence on Japanese troops as lacking in, 65–66

  Japanese airstrikes in, 30–34, 38–39

  Japanese bombing and strafing in, 62–63, 65, 156

  Japanese caught by surprise by, 29

  Japanese contemplation of withdrawal from, 179–80

  Japanese estimates of U.S. troop strength in, 121–22

  Japanese evacuation (Operation KE) in, 183–85

  Japanese food shortages in, 125, 174–76, 178

  Japanese mortality in, 175–76

  Japanese naval bombardments in, 63, 102

  Japanese reinforcements in, 63, 72, 105, 133, 141, 147, 155, 156, 167–68, 174, 176

  Japanese strategic and tactical blunders in, 188–89

  Japanese supply problems in, 121, 155, 174–77, 183

  Japanese troop strength in, 174, 176

  Japanese underestimation of Marine troop strength in, 68, 155

  Japanese vs. U.S. troop losses in, 187

  King’s deadline for, 12, 15, 19, 20, 21

  Koro rehearsal in, 21–22, 26

  landing of munitions and supplies in, 39–40, 53–54

  McCain and, 124–25

  morale issues in, 62, 63–64, 65, 71, 131–32, 141–42

  mutilation of Japanese dead in, 196

  naval losses in, 186

  “The Night” (October 13–14) in, 137–41

  164th Infantry in, 134

  press coverage of, 97–98

  reinforcements for, 107

  Seabees in, 70, 103, 135, 190

  2nd Marine Division in, 53

  submarines and, 261, 262, 263

  Task Force 16 in, 33

  Task Force 61 in, 20, 23–24, 37, 43, 51

  Task Force 62 in, 20–21, 23–24, 43, 52–53

  Task Group 62.6 in, 20, 42–43

  Tenaru River battle in, 73–76, 121

  Tulagi landings in, 26, 29, 35–36

  25th Infantry Division in, 183

  Ugaki’s strategy for, 120–21

  unburied Japanese dead in, 130, 131, 184, 189–90

  U.S. landings in, 26–28, 34–35, 102, 120

  U.S. naval barrage in, 29, 35–36, 155

  U.S. perimeter in, 64–65, 72, 104, 130, 147

  U.S. supply operations in, 19, 60–61, 83, 107, 125–26, 132–33, 160–61, 175

  Guadalcanal campaign, air war in, 22, 31–34, 37, 38–39, 43, 53, 59, 98–104, 160–61, 304

  aircraft losses in, 186

  air search radar in, 100

  aviator losses in, 186–87

  Cactus Air Force in, see Cactus Air Force

  dogfights in, 100–101

  fighter losses in, 34, 58, 59

  inexperience of Japanese pilots in, 156–57

  Japanese losses in, 157–58

  Marine Aircraft Group 21 in, 61