The Lying Stones of Marrakech

  biological determinism, (i), (ii), (iii)

  biology

  branching diagrams in, (i), (ii)

  evolution and, see evolution

  introduction of word, (i), (ii)

  and nature of fossils, (i)

  birth order, (i), (ii)

  Boot, Anselm de, (i)

  Borges, Jorge Luis, (i)

  Bom to Rebel (Sulloway), (i), (ii)

  Bory, Gabriel de, (i)

  brachiopod shells, (i), (ii), (iii)

  brains, utilization of, (i)

  Bridgewater Treatises (Buckland), (i), (ii)

  Britain, fossil reptiles of, (i), (ii)

  British scientists

  Babbage, (i), (ii)

  Darwin, see Darwin, Charles

  Lyell, (i)

  Owen, (i)

  Wallace, (i)

  brontia, (i)

  Brooke, Rupert, (i)

  Browne, Janet, on Darwin, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  Bryozoa, (i)

  bucardites, (i), (ii)

  Buckland, Rev. William, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc, comte de in Académie Française, (i)

  contributions of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  death and funeral of, (i), (ii)

  Epoches de la nature by, (i)

  Histoire naturelle by, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  reputation of, (i)

  son of, (i)

  style and substance of, (i), (ii)

  work regimen of, (i), (ii)

  Bully for Brontosaurus (Gould), (i)

  Burke, Edmund, (i)

  Burkhardt, Richard W., Jr., (i)

  Burton, Robert, (i)

  C

  calcium phosphate, (i)

  calculators, Babbage and, (i)

  Callinicus, and Greek fire, (i)

  Callimcus (Haldane), (i)

  Cambrian explosion, (i), (ii)

  Cambrian period, extinctions in, (i), (ii)

  Cameron, R. A., (i)

  capitalism, laissez-faire, (i), (ii)

  Carlyle, Thomas, (i)

  Carnegie, Andrew, (i)

  Carnegie Institute, (i)

  catastrophism, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Catherine II (the Great), of Russia, (i)

  celebrity, (i), (ii), (iii)

  censorship, (i)

  Cerion land snails, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Cesi, Federico, Duke of Acquasparta and Accademia dei Lincei, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  death of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  and fossil wood, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  and Galileo’s condemnation, (i)

  and the microscope, (i), (ii)

  and the telescope, (i), (ii)

  Chamberlain, Wilt, (i)

  Chambers, Robert, (i), (ii)

  chemical and biological weapons, (i)

  chemistry, (i)

  chert, fossils in, (i)

  chordates, evolution of, (i), (ii)

  circumstance, meaning of term, (i)

  clamshells, (i), (ii)

  classification, see taxonomy

  cloning, (i), (ii)

  Cloninger, C. R., (i), (ii)

  Columbus, Christopher, (i)

  conspiracy theorists, (i)

  Copernican system, (i), (ii)

  coral reefs, subsidence theory of, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Corsi, Pietro, (i)

  Cosmos (TV series), (i)

  Coué, Emile, (i), (ii)

  Couéism, (i)

  cowcatchers, invention of, (i)

  creation

  catastrophism and, (i)

  Church on, (i)

  single center for, (i)

  successive, (i)

  creationism

  vs. evolution, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  and human supremacy, (i)

  progressionism and, (i)

  creativity, process of, (i)

  Cretaceous mass extinction, (i)

  Crockett, Davy, (i)

  cultural change, (i), (ii)

  culture wars, (i)

  Cuvier, Georges, (i), (ii)

  and catastrophism, (i)

  invertebrate studies of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  and Lamarck’s reputation, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  cycles, of eternal return, (i)

  D

  Darwin, Charles, (i), (ii), (iii)

  autobiography of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Babbage and, (i)

  Beagle voyage of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  on coral atolls, (i), (ii), (iii)

  early years of, (i), (ii)

  energy of, (i)

  fortunate circumstances of, (i), (ii)

  influence of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  intelligence of, (i)

  Lamarck and, (i), (ii), (iii)

  on natural selection, see natural selection

  Origin of Species by, see Origin of Species

  precursors to, (i)

  on taxonomy of barnacles, (i)

  on the tree of life, (i), (ii)

  Wallace and, (i), (ii)

  see also evolution

  Darwin, Emma (wife), (i)

  Darwin, Erasmus (brother), (i), (ii)

  Darwin, Erasmus (grandfather), (i), (ii), (iii)

  Darwin, Robert Waring (father), (i), (ii)

  Darwinism, (i)

  dichotomization and, (i)

  gradualism and, (i)

  Lamarckism vs., (i)

  literalism vs., (i)

  modern application of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Social, (i), (ii)

  see also evolution

  darwins, defined, (i)

  Davenport, Charles B., (i)

  Davidson, E. H., (i)

  degenerations, use of term, (i)

  Delia Porta, Giambattista, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Descartes, René, (i)

  Desmond, Adrian, (i), (ii)n

  determinism, biological, (i), (ii), (iii)

  D4 dopamine receptor, (i)

  Dialogo (Galileo), (i), (ii)

  Diamond, Jared, (i)

  dichotomization, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  DiMaggio, Joe, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Dinosaurio, see dinosaurs

  dinosaurs

  extinction of, (i), (ii)

  first recognition of, (i)

  Hylaeosaurus, (i)

  Iguanodon, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  mammals compared with, (i), (ii), (iii)

  meaning of word, (i), (ii)

  Megalosaurus, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  models of, (i)

  naming of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  popularity of, (i)

  taxonomy of, (i), (ii), (iii)

  terrestrial community of, (i)

  diphyes, (i)

  diploblast animals, (i), (ii)

  directionalism, (i)

  Discours prélimaire (Cuvier), (i)

  diseases, genetic bases for, (i)

  Doby, Larry, (i)

  Dolly the cloned sheep, (i), (ii)

  double-blind testing, (i)

  Drake, Stillman, (i)n

  duckbills, (i)

  E

  earth

  age of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  cooling of, (i), (ii)

  directional history of life on, (i)

  geological mapping of, (i), (ii), (iii)

  heat death of, (i)

  origins of, (i)

  steady-state, (i), (ii)

  strata of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Ebstein, R. P., (i)

  Eckhart, Georg von, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Eco, Umberto, (i)

  ecology, underwater, (i)

  ecotourism, (i)

  Ediacaran animals, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  education

  and cultural change, (i)

  learning and, (i)

  Einstein, Albert, (i)

  Eliot, George, (i)

  Eliot, T. S., (i) r />
  embryology, (i)

  embryos, fossilized, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Emerson, Ralph Waldo, (i), (ii)

  empirical method, (i), (ii), (iii)

  discovery and, (i)

  and earth’s age, (i)

  Galileo and, (i), (ii), (iii)

  and gradualism, (i), (ii), (iii)

  hypothesis testing vs., (i)

  interaction of theory and, (i), (ii), (iii)

  myths of, (i), (ii)

  and planetary history, (i)

  Stelluti and, (i), (ii)

  Eng and Chang (Siamese twins), (i)

  enorchites, (i)

  enthusiasm, defined, (i)

  environment vs. heredity, (i), (ii)

  enzymes, genes and, (i)

  equilibrium, punctuated, (i)

  Escherichia coli bacteria, (i)

  essays

  distinctive voice in, (i), (ii)

  humanistic “bridge” in, (i)

  as literary ġenre, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Etna, eruption of, (i)

  eugenics movement, (i)

  eukaryotic grade, (i)

  European domination, (i)

  evolution, (i)

  adaptation in, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

  anatomical innovation vs. genealogical divergence in, (i)

  of animals, (i)

  biological vs. genetic, (i)

  Buffon on, (i)

  changing theories of, (i), (ii), (iii)

  circumstances and, (i), (ii)

  common ancestor in, (i)

  vs. creationism, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  of culture, (i)

  Darwin on, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); see also Darwin, Charles; Darwinism

  diversity in, (i), (ii)

  first written defense of, (i)

  fossil record in, (i), (ii)

  genealogical splitting vs. rates of change in, (i)

  historicity of, (i)

  human reason in, (i), (ii)

  hybridization and, (i)

  incumbency in, (i)

  inheritance of acquired characters in, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Lamarck’s theories of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

  measurability of, (i)

  modern application of theory of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  myths of, (i), (ii), (iii)

  natural selection in, see natural selection

  origins of life in, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  paleontology and, (i)

  phosphatization in, (i), (ii)

  power of, (i), (ii)

  progressionism in, (i), (ii)

  prototypical theory of, (i)

  public attitudes toward, (i)

  of recorded meanings, (i)

  reductionism in, (i)

  sources of stasis in, (i)

  as striving for perfection, (i), (ii)

  survival of the fittest, (i), (ii), (iii)

  temporal succession in, (i)

  tree of life in, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  two-factor theory of, (i), (ii)

  use of term, (i)

  excellence, (i)

  in baseball, (i), (ii), (iii)

  discovery and, (i), (ii)

  learning and, (i)

  in music, (i)

  exclusion, competitive, (i)

  experimental method, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  extinction

  Buffon on, (i)

  in Cambrian period, (i), (ii)

  catastrophism and, (i)

  Cretaceous, (i)

  hybridization and, (i)

  eyebrow mites, (i)

  F

  facies, use of term, (i)

  fakery, in paleontology, (i)

  fame, (i), (ii)

  fashion, capriciousness of, (i)

  Feebly Inherited, The (Davenport), (i)

  Fermat’s Last Theorem, (i)

  Figuier, Louis, (i)

  Filiis, Anastasio de, (i)

  fin de siècle, (i), (ii)

  “Fire and Ice” (Frost), (i)

  firedamp (methane), (i)

  firstborns, (i)

  Fisher, R. A., (i)

  fossil record

  earliest animals in, (i)

  origins of life in, (i)

  rates for trends in, (i)

  role of, (i), (ii)

  fossils

  absence of, (i)

  of algae, (i)

  Beringer and, (i), (ii)

  of British reptiles, (i), (ii)

  cash value of, (i)

  in chert beds, (i)

  debates on nature of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  of embryos, (i), (ii), (iii)

  extraneous vs. intrinsic, (i)

  faked, (i)

  formation of, (i)

  Lügensteine, (i)

  modern fabrication of, (i), (ii), (iii)

  of organic vs. inorganic matter, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  petrifaction of, (i), (ii)

  phosphatized, (i), (ii)

  Piltdown Man, (i), (ii)

  Pliny on, (i), (ii)

  SSF, (i)

  taxonomy and, (i), (ii)

  uses of term, (i), (ii)

  fossil wood, (i)

  Cesi and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  petrifaction and, (i)

  taxonomie classification of, (i), (ii)

  four, division by, (i)

  Foxx, Jimmie, (i)

  fractals, concept of, (i), (ii)

  France, (i)

  average heights of men in, (i)

  Buffon and, (i)

  Church in, (i)

  intellectual life of, (i)

  Lamarck and, (i)

  Lavoisier and, (i)

  l’esprit de système in, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  mineralogical maps of, (i)

  structuralists of, (i)

  Franklin, Benjamin, (i)

  fraud, in paleontology, (i)

  Frost, Robert, (i)

  future

  effect of scale and, (i)

  European domination and, (i)

  forecasting, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  technology and, (i)

  unanticipated consequences in, (i), (ii)

  G

  Galápagos finches, (i), (ii)

  Galen, (i), (ii)

  Galento, “Two Ton Tony,” (i)

  Galileo Galilei, (i)

  and astronomy, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  and causality, (i)

  condemnation of, (i), (ii), (iii)

  and Della Porta, (i)

  Dialogo by, (i), (ii)

  and fossil wood, (i)

  and Lynxes, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)

  and microscope, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Sidereus nuncius by, (i), (ii)

  on sunspots, (i), (ii)n, (iii), (iv), (v)

  and telescope, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  on validity of direct observation, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Galton, Francis, (i)

  Gardner, Howard, (i)

  genetic drift, (i)

  genetics, (i)

  biological determinism and, (i), (ii)

  birth order and, (i), (ii)

  cloning and, (i), (ii)

  disease and, (i)

  eugenics movement and, (i)

  heredity vs. environment, (i), (ii)

  identical twins and, (i), (ii)

  immigration and, (i)

  intelligence and, (i)

  measurement and, (i)

  Mendel’s laws and, (i)

  nomadism and, (i)

  population, (i)

  single genes in, (i)

  Social Darwinism and, (i)

  genetic variation, (i)

  Geneva Protocol (1925), (i), (ii), (iii)

  Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Etienne, (i)

  geological mapping, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  geological time, immensity of, (i)

  geology

  active subsidence in, (i), (ii), (iii)

  appr
opriate scale in, (i)

  birth of, (i), (ii)

  catastrophism in, (i), (ii), (iii)

  directionalism in, (i)

  early problems in, (i), (ii)

  gaps in record of, (i), (ii)

  gradualism in, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)

  history and, (i), (ii)

  and nature of fossils, (i)

  and nature of strata, (i), (ii), (iii)

  steady-state earth and, (i), (ii)

  uniformitarianism in, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  Gesner, Conrad, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Gillespie, C. C, (i)

  g intelligence scores, (i)

  golden rule, (i)

  Goldsmith, Oliver, (i)

  Golgotha, (i)

  Goodfriend, Glenn A., (i), (ii)

  Gould, John, (i)

  gradualism, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

  Grant, Madison, (i)

  Grant, Peter and Rosemary, (i)

  Grant, Robert E., (i), (ii)

  great asymmetry, (i)

  Greenberg, Hank, (i)

  greenhouse effect, Buffon on, (i)

  Guettard, Jean-Etienne, (i)

  and geological mapping, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  and Lavoisier, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Guilford, J. P., (i)

  Guillorin, Joseph-Ignace, (i)

  guppies, evolution of, (i), (ii)

  Gutenberg, Johannes, (i)

  H

  Haeckel, Ernst, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Hahn, Nicklaus, (i)

  Haldane, J.B.S., (i)

  Haldane, John Scott, (i)

  Hamilton, Sir William, (i), (ii)

  Hammerstein, Oscar, (i)

  Handel, Georg Friedrich, (i)

  Harriman, Mrs. E. H., (i), (ii)

  Hawkins, Waterhouse, (i)

  Heeck, Johannes van, (i)

  heliocentrism, (i), (ii)

  heredity vs. environment, (i), (ii)

  Hermes Trismegistus, (i)

  Hippocratic oath, (i)

  Histoire naturelle (Buffon), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  history

  arrow of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  forecasting future from, (i)

  geology and, (i), (ii)

  geometry of, (i)

  order of, (i)

  phenomena organized in, (i)

  science and, (i), (ii)

  storytelling in, (i)

  three-dimensional reconstruction of, (i)

  as tragedy and farce, (i)

  uniformitarian view of, (i)

  Hitler, Adolf, 304 .

  Hofstadter, Richard, (i)

  holocaust, meaning of term, (i)

  Hooker, Joseph D., (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  horticulture, (i)

  host specificity, (i)

  Howe, Julia Ward, (i)

  human nature, and idols of the tribe, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  humors

  four, (i)

  medical theory of, (i)

  Hutton, James, (i)

  Huxley, T. H., (i), (ii)

  on fact vs. theory, (i), (ii)

  influence of, (i)

  and Wilberforce, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)