The Lying Stones of Marrakech

  Huygens, Christian, (i)

  hybridization, (i)

  Hylaeosaurus, (i)

  hypotheses, testing of, (i), (ii)

  hysteria, madness of, (i)

  hysteroliths, (i), (ii), (iii)

  I

  Ibn al-’Arabi, (i)

  Ibn Battuta, (i)

  ichthyosaurs, (i)

  idols

  of the cave, (i)

  defined by Bacon, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  interpreted by Gesner, (i)

  of the marketplace, (i), (ii)

  of the theater, (i), (ii)

  idols of the tribe, (i), (ii)

  bias of, (i)

  and human nature, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Iguanodon, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  immigration, (i)

  incunabulae, (i)

  instauracion, defined, (i)

  intellectual reform, icons of, (i)

  intelligence

  achievement of, (i)

  celebrity and, (i)

  Darwin and, (i)

  genetic basis of, (i)

  genius and, (i)

  measurement of, (i), (ii)

  multiple areas of, (i)

  and utilization of brains, (i)

  International Ladies’ Garment Workers Union, (i)

  invertebrate, coining of term, (i)

  Islam, spread of, (i)

  islands, geographic isolation of, (i)

  J

  Jahn, Melvin E., (i), (ii)

  Jefferson, Thomas, (i), (ii)

  Jerusalem

  Church of the Holy Sepulchre in, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Shabbetai Tzevi in, (i)

  Status Quo (1852) in, (i), (ii)

  Jesus Christ, (i), (ii)

  Jews, genetics and, (i), (ii)

  Jolson, Al, (i)

  Jordan, Michael, (i)

  Jung, Carl G., (i)

  K

  Kant, Immanuel, (i)

  Keeler, Willie, (i), (ii)

  Keltner, Ken, (i)

  Kepler, Johannes, (i)

  Kern, Jerome, (i)

  Kipling, Rudyard, (i)

  Kircher, Athanasius, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Kirchner, Heinrich, (i)

  Kittredge, Walter, (i)

  Knoll, Andrew H., (i), (ii), (iii)

  knowledge

  human drive for, (i)

  learning vs., (i)

  present vs. past, (i)

  reconstruction of, (i)

  taxonomies as theories of, (i)

  Kratakau, eruption of, (i)

  Kundmann, J. C, (i)

  L

  labels, need for, (i)

  Lagrange, Joseph-Louis, (i)

  Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste, (i)

  and branching model, (i), (ii)

  career of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  Darwin and, (i), (ii), (iii)

  evolution theories of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

  Floréal address of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  on invertebrate taxonomy, (i), (ii), (iii)

  l’esprit de système and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  and Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, (i), (ii), (iii)

  pseudo-Lamarckian ideas, (i), (ii)

  “use and disuse” hypothesis of, (i), (ii)

  language

  genders of nouns in, (i)

  meanings and, (i), (ii)n

  taxonomy and, (i)

  lapis Bononensis, (i)

  Laplace, Pierre Simon, marquis de, (i), (ii)

  Lavoisier, Antoine-Laurent, (i)

  on cyclical patterns, (i), (ii)

  death of, (i), (ii)

  on deep time, (i)

  on directional history, (i)

  on experimental method, (i), (ii)

  and geological mapping, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  logic in writings of, (i)

  Lazarus, Emma, poem by, (i)

  learning, (i)

  Leclerc, Georges-Louis, see Buffon

  legends

  canonical form of, (i), (ii)

  difficulty of access in, (i)

  of evolution, (i), (ii), (iii)

  morals from, (i), (ii), (iii)

  simplicities in, (i)

  of unbiased observation, (i), (ii)

  urban, (i)

  le Gros Clark, W. E., (i)

  Leicester Codex, (i)

  Lenski, Richard E., (i)

  Leonardo da Vinci, (i)

  l’esprit de système, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Levinton, J. S., (i)

  Lévi-Strauss, Claude, (i)

  Lewis and Clark, (i)

  Lindbergh, Charles, (i)

  Linnaeus, Carolus, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  literalism vs. Darwinism, (i)

  Lithodomus, at Pozzuoli, (i)

  Lithographiae Wirceburgerisis (Beringer), (i), (ii), (iii)

  littoral beds, (i), (ii)

  lizards, evolution of, (i), (ii), (iii)

  logic, (i), (ii)

  Losos, J. B., (i), (ii), (iii)

  Louis, Joe, (i)

  Lowell, Percival, (i)

  Lügensteine, (i)

  lusus naturae, (i)

  Lyell, Charles, (i), (ii)

  adversaries of, (i), (ii)

  on appropriate scale, (i)

  doctrine of gradualism of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

  on gaps in geological record, (i), (ii)

  influence of, (i), (ii)

  and pillars of Pozzuoli, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Principles of Geology by, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  steady-state earth claims of, (i), (ii)

  uniformitarian view of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  on Vesuvius, (i)

  Lying Stones of Dr. Beringer, The (Jahn and Woolf), (i), (ii)

  lynx, legend of, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Lynxes, see Accademia dei Lincei

  M

  McCarthy, Joe (Yankee manager), (i)

  McDonald’s, (i)

  McGwire, Mark, (i), (ii)

  magic, and science, (i)

  Maine, coast of, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Manakayan phase, (i)

  Mandelbrot, Benoit, (i), (ii)

  Mantell, Gideon, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Mantle, Mickey, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  mapping, geological, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  margins, (i)

  Maris, Roger, (i)

  Mars, proofs of UFOs on, (i)

  Marx, Karl, (i)

  median septum, (i)

  Mediterranean Sea, tidal action of, (i)

  Megalosaurus, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  Mendel, Gregor Johann, (i), (ii)

  Mendelian inheritance, (i)

  and heredity vs. environment, (i)

  population genetics and, (i)

  single genes and, (i)

  Mesmer, Friedrich Anton, (i)

  metallophytes, taxonomy of, (i), (ii)

  methane, experiments with, (i)

  metric system of measurement, (i), (ii)

  microscope

  Cesi and, (i), (ii)

  first use of term, (i)

  Galileo and, (i), (ii), (iii)

  observations under, (i), (ii), (iii)

  as occhiolino, (i)

  mind

  curiosity of, (i)

  and learning, (i)

  Mismeasure of Man, The (Gould), (i), (ii)

  mitochondria, (i)

  Molière, (i)

  Monge, Gaspard, (i)

  Monnet, Antoine, (i)

  Montaigne, Michel Eyquem de, (i), (ii)

  moon

  Babbage’s theories on, (i)

  first human on, (i), (ii)

  meteoric impact on, (i)

  telescopic examination of, (i)

  Moore, James, (i)

  Morrison, Philip, (i)

  mosasaurs, (i)

  Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, (i)

  Muller, Klaus J., (i)

  multiplicity, theory of, (
i)

  Murray, James, (i)

  Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  music, excellence in, (i)

  mustard gas, (i)

  myths, see legends

  N

  Naples

  author’s visit to, (i), (ii)

  pillars of Pozzuoli in, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Vesuvius and, (i), (ii)

  Natural History (Buffon), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Natural History (Lamarck), (i), (ii), (iii)

  Natural History (Pliny), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Natural History magazine, (i)

  natural selection

  cultural changes and, (i)

  Darwin on, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii)

  genetic drift and, (i)

  new features evolved in, (i)

  population genetics and, (i)

  relative strength in, (i)

  Social Darwinism and, (i)

  Wallace on, (i)

  natural theology doctrine, (i), (ii), (iii)

  nature

  complexity of, (i), (ii)

  developmental vs. static view of, (i)

  dichotomous divisions of, (i), (ii)

  game or sport of, (i)

  great asymmetry in, (i)

  historical view of, (i)

  Neoplatonic construction of, (i)

  neutrality of, (i)

  vs. nurture, (i), (ii)

  three kingdoms of, (i)

  nautiloids, faked fossils of, (i)

  Necker, Madame, (i), (ii)

  Neoplatonism, (i)

  neurotransmitters, and temperament, (i)

  “New Colossus, The” (Lazarus), (i)

  Newell, Norman D., (i)

  Newton, Isaac, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  niches, unique species in, (i)

  nomadism, (i)

  O

  objectivity, myth of, (i)

  observation, see empirical method

  oceans, cyclical patterns of, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Organic Remains of a Former World (Parkinson). (i)

  Origin of Species (Darwin), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii)

  Orsten beds, (i)

  orthogonal vectors, (i)

  Ottoman Empire, (i)

  Owen, Richard, (i), (ii)

  Owen, Wilfred, (i)

  Oxford University Museum, (i)

  P

  paleoanthropology, (i)

  paleontology, (i)

  beginning of modern history in, (i)

  early problems of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  of eighteenth century, (i), (ii)

  evolution and, (i)

  fakery in, (i)

  fossil wood, (i)

  power of, (i), (ii)

  of seventeenth century, (i), (ii)

  of sixteenth century, (i)

  taxonomy and, (i), (ii)

  see also fossils; science

  Parkinson, James, (i), (ii)

  pelagic beds, (i), (ii)

  Persius, (i)

  personality, theory of, (i)

  Peterson, K.J., (i)

  petrifaction, (i), (ii)

  Philosophie zoologique (Lamarck), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  phosphatization, (i), (ii)

  phrenology, (i), (ii)

  Physica sacra (Scheuchzer), (i)

  physicians, Hippocratic oath of, (i)

  Pierian spring, (i)

  Piltdown Man, (i), (ii)

  placebo effect, (i)

  Plato, (i)

  pleasure-seeking gene, (i)

  plesiosaurs, (i)

  Pliny the Elder

  death of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)n, (v)

  and fossils, (i), (ii)

  Natural History by, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Pliny the Younger, (i)

  Plot, Robert, (i)

  Plutarch, (i)

  political correctness, (i)

  Pope, Alexander, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Pozzuoli, pillars of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Pratt, Brian R., (i)

  Praxiteles, (i)

  Principles of Geology (Lyell), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  progressionism, (i), (ii)

  prokaryotic grade (unicells), (i)

  proof, nature of, (i)

  psychology, (i), (ii)

  pterodactyls, (i)

  Ptolemaic system, (i)

  Punch Tavern, London, (i)

  Q

  Questioning the Millennium (Gould), (i)

  quotations, fabricated, (i)

  R

  Rappoport, Rhoda, (i), (ii), (iii)

  realists, (i)

  reality vs. logic, (i)

  “Recessional” (Kipling), (i)

  reductionism, (i), (ii), (iii)

  relativism, (i)

  religion

  epiphanies in, (i)

  science and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  transmutation and, (i)

  Renaissance, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Requiem (Mozart), (i)

  research

  circumstance selected in, (i)

  control of variables in, (i)

  delimitation of, (i)

  double-blind testing in, (i)

  hypothesis testing in, (i), (ii)

  myth of objectivity in, (i)

  relative frequencies in, (i)

  resolvable questions asked in, (i)

  testable models in, (i), (ii), (iii)

  validity in, (i)

  Reznick, D. N., (i), (ii)

  Rhagoletis flies, (i)

  Rhea darwinii, (i)

  Richardson, George, (i)

  robber barons, (i)

  Robinson, Jackie, (i)

  Rockefeller, John D., (i), (ii)

  Roderick, J. Ignatz, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Roger, Jacques, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Rondelet, Guillaume, (i)

  Roosevelt, Theodore, (i)

  Rose, Pete, (i), (ii)

  Rosen, Baron Otto Karl von, (i)

  Rossi, Paolo, (i)

  Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, (i)

  Royal Botanical Garden, Paris, (i)

  Rupke, Nicolaas A., (i)

  Ruth, Babe, (i), (ii)

  S

  Safran, Rose, (i)

  Sagan, Carl, (i)

  Saint-Fond, Faujas de, (i)

  St. Paul’s cathedral, London, (i)

  Sassoon, Siegfried, (i)

  Saturn

  Galileo’s study of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Stelluti’s study of, (i)

  Saul of Tarsus, (i)

  Scheuchzer, J. J., (i)

  Schoener, Tom, (i)

  Schuffenecker, Emile, (i)

  science

  causality and, (i)

  ceteris paribus in, (i)

  changing views in, (i)

  commercialism and, (i)

  common applications of, (i)

  discovery in, (i), (ii)

  empiricism in, see empirical method

  experimental method in, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  flexibility in, (i)

  fundamental questions in, (i)

  history and, (i), (ii)

  icons in, (i)

  importance of a work in, (i)

  innovation in, (i), (ii)

  intellectual contexts of, (i)

  learning and, (i)

  l’esprit de système in, (i), (ii)

  magic and, (i)

  misunderstandings about, (i)

  “modern,” transition to, (i)

  nature of, (i)

  observations tested in, (i)

  popular presentation of, (i), (ii), (iii)

  public funding of, (i)

  as pursuit of great truths, (i), (ii)

  religion and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  research in, see research

  as secret knowledge, (i)

  society and, (i), (ii), (
iii), (iv)

  unification as goal of, (i)

  war and, (i)

  worldviews in, (i)

  science writing, (i), (ii), (iii)

  scientific method, (i), (ii), (iii); see also research

  scientific revolution, “the,” (i)

  scientists

  opposing viewpoints of, (i)

  pure objectivity of, (i), (ii), (iii)

  reputations of, (i), (ii)

  Scott, Robert, (i)

  Séchelles, Hérault de, (i)

  second in status

  sidekick stereotypes, (i)

  in sports, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Wallace as, (i)

  Sedgwick, Adam, (i)

  sediments

  in earth’s strata, (i), (ii), (iii)

  evidence of gradualism in, (i)

  spatial variation in, (i)

  vertical sequences of, (i)

  self-improvement, via autosuggestion, (i)

  Shabbetai Tzevi, (i)

  Shaffer, Peter, (i)

  Shakespeare, William, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Shapiro, L. H., (i)

  Siamese twins, (i)

  Sidereus mwàtts (Galileo), (i), (ii)

  silicon dioxide, fossils in, (i), (ii)

  similarity, limiting, (i)

  Simon and Garfunkel, (i)

  Singer, Charles, (i)

  single-mindedness, (i)

  six degrees of separation, (i)

  sloths, (i), (ii), (iii)

  small shelly fossils (SSF), (i)

  Social Darwinism, (i), (ii)

  Social Statics (Spencer), (i)

  society, (i), (ii)

  cultural change in, (i), (ii)

  culture wars in, (i)

  division of labor in, (i)

  evolution theory applied in, (i)

  genetics and, (i), (ii)

  heredity vs. environment in, (i), (ii)

  inequalities in, (i)

  laissez-faire, (i), (ii)

  political correctness in, (i)

  robber barons in, (i)

  scientific progress and, (i)

  standards of beauty in, (i)

  technology and, (i), (ii), (iii)

  trade union movement, (i)

  wars, (i)

  workplace and, (i)

  solar sponge, (i)

  Sosa, Sammy, (i)

  sound bites, (i)

  South America, geology of, (i), (ii), (iii)

  space

  division of, (i)

  imperception and, (i)

  and lack of competitive interaction, (i)

  Spartacus, (i)

  Spearman, Charles, (i), (ii), (iii)

  speciation

  allopatric, (i)

  sympatric, (i)

  species

  adaptions of, (i)

  branching of, (i)

  controlling form of, (i)

  ecological definition of, (i)

  interbreeding of, (i)

  limiting similarity of, (i)

  occupying same space, (i)