American Caesar

  7 Van Der Post in Holiday 10/1961; Fredricks 42 (back to text)

  8 Brines 36; Van Der Post in Holiday 10/1961; Reischauer Japanese 104 (back to text)

  9 Brines 40, 145; Sommers in Saturday Evening Post 5/25/1946 (back to text)

  10 Cochrane in Harper’s 9/1947; Gavin M. Long 182; Kodama 205 (back to text)

  11 MacArthur Reminiscences 280-81; Kenney Know 197; Gunther 95 (back to text)

  12 Kenney Know 196; MacArthur Reminiscences 310 (back to text)

  13 Gunther 18; Bush in Life 12/2/1946 (back to text)

  14 NYT 9/5/1945; MacArthur Reminiscences 280 (back to text)

  15 Cochrane in Harper’s 9/1947 (back to text)

  16 MacArthur Reminiscences 280; Willoughby and Chamberlain 302; Rovere and Schlesinger 95 (back to text)

  17 Mayer Japan 6; Brines 64 (back to text)

  18 “New Door to Asia,” T 5/9/1949; Brines 62-68 passim; Sulzberger 560 (back to text)

  19 Sebald and Brines 102-04 passim; Rovere and Schlesinger 86; Brines 64; Mayer Japan 14; Gunther 92; Bowers in Esquire 1/1967; Whitney 251 (back to text)

  20 Osborne in Life 4/23/1951; Gunther 125; Brines 28; Cronin 377; Lee and Henschel 184 (back to text)

  21 MacArthur Reminiscences 291; Hunt Untold 419; Osborne in Life 4/23/1951; Sebald and Brines 103 (back to text)

  22 Sebald and Brines 103 (back to text)

  23 Gunther 116-17; Spanier 66; Gavin M. Long 182; MacArthur Reminiscences 281-82; Brines 27—28 (back to text)

  24 Gunther 3, 4; Whitney 245 (back to text)

  25 Gavin M. Long 186, 189; Gunther 83; Sebald and Brines 119 (back to text)

  26 Reischauer Japanese 105; “I Remember Mac,” Newsweek 4/19/1948; “New Door to Asia,” T 5/9/l949 (back to text)

  27 Gunther 123-24 (back to text)

  28 “Strategic Springboard,” T 9/2/1946; “The U.S. Does a Job,” Fortune 3/1947; Brines 38 (back to text)

  29 Cochrane in Harpers 9/1947; Kodama 205 (back to text)

  30 Gunther 92, 228 (back to text)

  31 Creel in Collier’s 5/15/1948; “Strategic Springboard,” T 9/2/1946; “On the Record,” T 3/31/1947; “New Door to Asia,” T 5/9/1949 (back to text)

  32 Archer 154; Brines 60; Rovere and Schlesinger 91 (back to text)

  33 “Announcement from Tokyo,” T 3/22/1948; “New Door to Asia,” T 5/9/1949; Gunther 52 (back to text)

  34 Brines 270; Sommers in Saturday Evening Post 5/25/1946; “Hon. Mac,” Newsweek 7/22/1946; Kelley and Ryan 139-40 (back to text)

  35 Sulzberger 560; Whitney 233, 238 (back to text)

  36 Whitney 239; Gunther 6, 7; Kelley and Ryan 27; Richards 81; “Jeeps, MP’s and Japanese Cops Make a Daily Parade of MacArthur’s Trip to Work,” U.S. News and World Report 3/19/1948 (back to text)

  37 Whitney 230; Brines 60; WM/Laurence E. Bunker 4/20/1976 (back to text)

  38 Bowers in Esquire 1/1967 (back to text)

  39 Brines 60; “Assassination Day,” Newsweek 5/13/1946; Bowers in Esquire 1/1967 (back to text)

  40 Bowers in Esquire 1/1967 (back to text)

  41 Whitney 230; Gunther 54; Sebald and Brines 104 (back to text)

  42 Gunther 52 (back to text)

  43 Ibid.; “Announcement from Tokyo,” T 3/22/1948; Bowers in Esquire 1/1967 (back to text)

  44 “MacArthur and the Press,” Newsweek 2/9/1948; Mydans in Life 4/17/1964; Gunther 55 (back to text)

  45 Sheean in Holiday 12/1949; Bowers in Esquire 1/1967; Lee and Henschel 66, 105; Hunt Untold 439, 440 (back to text)

  46 Gunther 55, 70; Sebald and Brines 105 (back to text)

  47 Sebald and Brines 105; Thomas J. Fleming 286-87; Whitney 232; Blaik 255; WM/Bunker (back to text)

  48 Whitney 231-32; Bowers in Esquire 1/1967 (back to text)

  49 Gunther 54; Bowers in Esquire 1/1967 (back to text)

  50 Whitney 232; Rovere and Schlesinger 23; Mydans in Life 4/17/1964; Bowers in Esquire 1/1967 (back to text)

  51 Whitney 233; Brines 67; “Making Milwaukee Famous,” Newsweek 7/28/1947 (back to text)

  52 Brines 66; Kelley and Ryan 25-27 (back to text)

  53 Kelley and Ryan 25-26; Brines 67; Gunther 3; Sulzberger 561 (back to text)

  54 Truman I 520-21 (back to text)

  55 WM/Bunker 4/12/1976 (back to text)

  56 Gunther 151 (back to text)

  57 MacArthur Reminiscences 318-19; Brines 114; Kenney Know 198; Mayer Japan 28 (back to text)

  58 Gunther 151; MacArthur Reminiscences 319 (back to text)

  59 Gavin M. Long 190; Toland Sun 677 (back to text)

  60 Reel 87, 142-43, 174 (back to text)

  61 Brines 94 (back to text)

  62 MacArthur Reminiscences 296-97; Gavin M, Long 190; Howard 373 (back to text)

  63 NYT 2/13/1946; Gavin M. Long igo; Toland Sun 677-78; MacArthur Reminiscences 296; Wainwright 286, 299; Howard 377; Reel 111 (back to text)

  64 MacArthur Reminiscences 295-96, 297 (back to text)

  65 Toland Sun 678 (back to text)

  66 Wittner 153 (back to text)

  67 Bush in Life 12/0/1946 (back to text)

  68 Ibid.; Brines 89, 92; Gavin M. Long 182-83 (back to text)

  69 Kelley and Ryan 148 (back to text)

  70 Ibid.; MacArthur Reminiscences 287-88; Mayer Japan 15 (back to text)

  71 Brines 97; Wain in Saturday Evening Post 9/2/1950; Bowers in Esquire 1/1967; MacArthur Reminiscences 288 (back to text)

  72 Gunther xiv; Brines 98 (back to text)

  73 Gunther 116 (back to text)

  74 WM/Roger O. Egeberg 10/18/1976; Gunther xiv; Sommers in Saturday Evening Post 5/25/1946 (back to text)

  75 Kelley and Ryan 27; “Japan: MacArthur Magic,” Newsweek 12/9/1946 (back to text)

  76 Truman I 520; Acheson 126; “Watch on Tokyo,” T 10/1/1945; Osborne in Life 4/23/1951 (back to text)

  77 Stone in Nation 9/29/1945; “Grew and MacArthur,” New Republic 8/27/1945; “Good Faith with Japan,” Christian Century 10/3/1945 (back to text)

  78 Gunther 91-92; Wittner 86-87; Kennan Memoirs 375-76, 386-90 (back to text)

  79 Sulzberger 487 (back to text)

  80 Gunther 66, 78, 96-97; “Generals in 1948 Campaign,” U.S. News and World Report 8/1/1947; Lee and Henschel 106 (back to text)

  81 Sebald and Brines 111; “Press vs. MacArthur,” Newsweek 3/1/1948; Gunther 67 (back to text)

  82 MaeArthur Reminiscences 316; Rovere and Schlesinger 23; Reischauer Japan 223-27 (back to text)

  83 Reischauer Japan 223-27; Kelley and Ryan 26; Bowers in Esquire 1/1967; Rovere and Schlesinger 91-94 (back to text)

  84 Sulzberger 610; Rovere and Schlesinger 91-92 (back to text)

  85 Acheson 427-28; Gavin M. Long 184; Sebald and Brines 141-42; Reischauer Japanese 104 (back to text)

  86 Brines 69 (back to text)

  87 Kodama 186; Brines 48 (back to text)

  88 Gavin M. Long 184, 191; MacArthur Reminiscences 300 (back to text)

  89 Gavin M. Long 191; American Political Science Review 12/1956, 980-1010; MacArthur Reminiscences 303; Reischauer Japanese 106; “Which Way to End War?” Christian Century 4/17/1946 (back to text)

  90 MacArthur Reminiscences 303; Osborne in Life 4/23/1951; Phillips in New Republic 4/18/1964; Willoughby and Chamberlain 335-36 (back to text)

  91 Brines 90; MacArthur Reminiscences 302 (back to text)

  92 Brines 74 (back to text)

  93 “Under MacArthur Management,” T 1/14/1946 (back to text)

  94 Whitney 263-64; Brines 201; Kenney Know 202 (back to text)

  95 Whitney 291 (back to text)

  96 Ibid. (back to text)

  97 Willoughby and Chamberlain 341; Sebald and Brines 92—93; Bush in Life 12/2/1946; Reischauer Japanese 108 (back to text)

  98 Sebald and Brines 92-93; Kodama 212; Gunther 163 (back to text)

  99 Kodama 200-01 (back to text)

  100 Brines 165; MacArthur Reminiscences 308-09; Sulzberger 564; Kodama 201 (back to text)

  101
Gunther 121 (back to text)

  102 Sebald and Brines 88 (back to text)

  103 Mayer Japan 45; MacArthur Reminiscences 307 (back to text)

  104 Gavin M. Long 184; Whitney 268, 271-72 (back to text)

  105 “The General’s Lady Charmed the Japanese,” Life 8/22/1955; Rovere and Schlesinger 88; WMC/Edwin O. Reischauer 12/9/1977 (back to text)

  106 MacArthur Reminiscences 313; Brines 222 (back to text)

  107 Willoughby and Chamberlain 343, 345; Mayer Japan 47-48 (back to text)

  108 Reischauer Japanese 109; “Jeeps, MP’s and Japanese Cops Make a Daily Parade of MacArthur’s Trip to Work,” U.S. News and World Report 3/19/1948; Mayer Japan 47 (back to text)

  109 MacArthur Reminiscences 312; Gunther 148; “The General’s Lady Charmed the Japanese,” Life 8/22/1955 (back to text)

  110 Rovere and Schlesinger 89—90; MacArthur Reminiscences 310 (back to text)

  111 Whan 190; NYT 8/8/1947 (back to text)

  112 Kenney Know 253; NYT 6/8/1947; The General’s Lady Charmed the Japanese,” Life (back to text)

  113 Gunther 2, 3; Lee and Henschel 74; Hunt Untold 407 (back to text)

  114 Lee and Henschel 74; Eichelberger Jungle 264-65; Wain in Saturday Evening Post 9/2/1950 (back to text)

  115 Kelley and Ryan 56-58; Hunt Untold 435-36; Sebald and Brines 108 (back to text)

  116 Lee and Henschel 74; Gunther 46 (back to text)

  117 Huff 119; Gunther 46; Hunt Untold 435 (back to text)

  118 Wain in Saturday Evening Post 9/2/1950 (back to text)

  119 Lee and Henschel 75; Kelley and Ryan 58; Wain in Saturday Evening Post g/2/1950 (back to text)

  120 Gunther 48; Lee and Henschel 75; Whitney 237; Kenney Know 256 (back to text)

  121 Bowers in Esquire 1/1967; Ryan and Kelley in Collier’s 9/23/1950; Huff 118; Whitney 236 (back to text)

  122 Whitney 236; Ryan and Kelley in Collier’s 9/23/1950; Kelley and Ryan 55 (back to text)

  123 “Master MacArthur,” Newsweek 1/19/1948 (back to text)

  124 Sebald and Brines 113; Brines 11; Gunther 47; WPA-DM; Maher, passim; Bowers in Esquire 1/1967 (back to text)

  125 Gunther 47; Huff 112-13; Huff in Saturday Evening Post 10/20/1951 (back to text)

  126 Huff 113; Whitney 229-30; Sebald and Brines 107; “The General’s Lady Charmed the Japanese,” Life 8/22/1955 (back to text)

  127 “The General’s Lady Charmed the Japanese,” Life 8/22/1955; Brines 72 (back to text)

  128 Huff 120-21 (back to text)

  129 Ibid. 8, 9 (back to text)

  130 Gunther 49; Creel in Collier’s 5/15/1948; Sommers in Saturday Evening Post 5/25/1946; Sebald and Brines 115 (back to text)

  131 Gunther 50; Mydans in Life 4/17/1964; Ryan and Kelley in Collier’s 9/23/1950; Huff 10; Kelley and Ryan 58 (back to text)

  132 “Making Milwaukee Famous,” Newsweek 7/28/1947; Kenney Know 248; Archer 171 (back to text)

  133 Forrestal 325 (back to text)

  134 “Polities: Maybe MacArthur,” Newsweek 11/24/1947; “Politics: MacArthur Is Willing,” Newsweek 3/15/1948 (back to text)

  135 MacArthur Reminiscences 319; Mayer Japan 48; Whitney 519 (back to text)

  136 Gunther 62; “Our Far-Flung Correspondents,” New Yorker 4/10/1948 (back to text)

  137 “Booby-Trapped?” T 3/15/1948; “Announcement from Tokyo,” T 3/22/1948; Kelley and Ryan 49 (back to text)

  138 Gunther 62; “Announcement from Tokyo,” T 3/22/1948 (back to text)

  139 “The MacArthur Gamble,” Life 4/5/1948; LaFollette 280; Lee and Henschel 105; Gunther 62 (back to text)

  140 Sebald and Brines 106 (back to text)

  141 Lee and Henschel 106, 329; Hunt Untold 444; WM/Bunker 4/20/1976 (back to text)

  142 David Steinberg 126 (back to text)

  143 Abaya 271-72; Bernstein 244 (back to text)

  144 Bernstein 245, 249; MacArthur Reminiscences 316; Rovere and Schlesinger 83-84 (back to text)

  145 Friend 269-70; Rovere and Schlesinger 83-84 (back to text)

  146 Friend 263, 268; Mayer Japan 20-21 (back to text)

  147 Kelley and Ryan 157; Sulzberger 562 (back to text)

  148 Sebald and Brines 115, 144-46; Gunther 22 (back to text)

  149 Mayer Japan 23; Sulzberger 563-64; Rovere and Schlesinger 90 (back to text)

  150 Gavin M. Long 191; Wittner 153-54 (back to text)

  151 Sebald and Brines 244; Costello in New Republic 3/31/1947 (back to text)

  152 Sebald and Brines 243 (back to text)

  153 Gavin M. Long 192; “Can’t a General Speak to a Senator, Even in Confidence?” Saturday Evening Post 2/18/1950; Mayer Japan 62 (back to text)

  154 MacArthur Reminiscences 315; Lee and Henschel 100 (back to text)

  155 Mayer Japan 62 (back to text)

  156 Acheson 430, 441; Sebald and Brines 247 (back to text)

  157 Manchester Glory 491, 493 (back to text)

  158 Rovere and Schlesinger 203 (back to text)

  159 Trumbull Higgins 6; Chennault vii; Rovere and Schlesinger 192 (back to text)

  160 “MacArthur Says Fall of China Imperils U.S.,” Life 12/20/1948 (back to text)

  161 Ibid. (back to text)

  162 NYT 1/6/1950 (back to text)

  163 Heinl 9; Millis Arms and State 236 (back to text)

  164 “Over the Mountains: Mountains,” T 7/10/1950 (back to text)

  165 Gunther 178; Acheson 449 (back to text)

  166 Alfred Steinberg 161; Sebald and Brines 181 (back to text)

  167 Spanier 17 (back to text)

  168 Hunt Untold 447; MacArthur Reminiscences 319; Kelley and Ryan 167; Gunther 168; Truman II 329; Ryan in American Mercury 10/1950 (back to text)

  169 Trumbull Higgins 9; Sebald and Brines 182 (back to text)

  170 Acheson 358 (back to text)

  171 Ibid. 357; Cabell Phillips 293 (back to text)

  172 Trumbull Higgins 14; Rovere and Schlesinger 101; Sebald and Brines 179 (back to text)

  173 Cabell Phillips 306-08 (back to text)

  174 Mayer Japan 59 (back to text)

  175 Sulzberger 563; MacArthur Reminiscences 324 (back to text)

  176 Willoughby and Chamberlain 351; Rovere and Schlesinger 113 (back to text)

  177 Sulzberger 561 (back to text)

  178 “Over the Mountains: Mountains,” T 7/10/1950; Wain in Saturday Evening Post 9/2/1950; WM/Bunker 4/20/1976 (back to text)

  CHAPTER NINE: SUNSET GUN

  1 Genet in New Yorker 4/21/1941; Kelley and Ryan 168 (back to text)

  2 Cabell Phillips 290; Heinl 14 (back to text)

  3 Mayer Japan 66 (back to text)

  4 Sebald and Brines 184; MacArthur Reminiscences 331 (back to text)

  5 Whitney 376 (back to text)

  6 Spanier 68 (back to text)

  7 Sebald and Brines 184; MacArthur Reminiscences 327 (back to text)

  8 Whitney 316, 318-99 (back to text)

  9 “Strategy,” T 7/10/1950; Lee and Henschel 193; Gunther 166-67; Cabell Phillips 300; Sebald and Brines 122 (back to text)

  10 Spanier 68; Millis Arms and State 262, 264 (back to text)

  11 Spanier 77; Mayer Japan 72-73; Whitney 319 (back to text)

  12 Spanier 65, 68; Sebald and Brines 211-12 (back to text)

  13 Trumbull Higgins 40; Gavin M. Long 202; MacArthur Reminiscences 327-28 (back to text)

  14 Gavin M. Long 202; Fredricks 39 (back to text)

  15 MacArthur Reminiscences 330; NYT 7/9/1950 (back to text)

  16 Sebald and Brines 191 (back to text)

  17 Acheson 411; “Joint Chiefs of Staff and MacArthur, as U.S. High Command, Again Get Powers over Civilians as Well as Armed Forces,” U.S. News and World Report 7/14/1950 (back to text)

  18 Gavin M. Long 205; Whitney 325 (back to text)

  19 Kelley and Ryan 13-14; Gunther 173; “Strategy,” T 7/10/1950 (back to text)

  20 Kelley and Ryan 15, 139; “Strategy,” T 7/10/1950; NYT 8/20/1950 (back to text)

>   21 Whitney 327, 331; Sebald and Brines 187 (back to text)

  22 Merle Miller 302-03; Sebald and Brines 188-89 (back to text)

  23 Willoughby and Chamberlain 356-57; Whitney 328; MacArthur Reminiscences 332 (back to text)

  24 Cabell Phillips 300; “Strategy,” T 7/10/1950; Sebald and Brines 187-88; Heinl 16 (back to text)

  25 NYT 8/20/1950; Sebald and Brines 195 (back to text)

  26 Fehrenbach This Kind of War 89 (back to text)

  27 MacArthur Reminiscences 334-35 (back to text)

  28 Merle Miller 303; Millis Arms and State 264 (back to text)

  29 Spanier 204; “The Last Word,” T 8/14/1950; Truman II 342; Acheson 412; Whitney 369-70; Merle Miller 304; United States Policy in the Korean Crisis 24-25 (back to text)

  30 Hunt Untold 482; Sebald and Brines 199 (back to text)

  31 MacArthur Reminiscences 335, 337; Spanier 83; Whitney 337-38 (back to text)

  32 Rovere and Schlesinger 115; Hunt Untold 454; SH 231-32 (back to text)

  33 MacArthur Reminiscences 338, 346 (back to text)

  34 Hunt Untold 457-58; SH 231-32; Sebald and Brines 192; MacArthur Reminiscences 338 (back to text)

  35 Sebald and Brines 194; Cabell Phillips 311 (back to text)

  36 Manchester Glory 539; Heinl 16 (back to text)

  37 Manchester Glory 539; MacArthur Reminiscences 339 (back to text)

  38 Trumbull Higgins 36; Whitney 376; SH 3383 (back to text)

  39 Whitney 371; Acheson 412-13; Mayer Japan 78; Gavin M. Long 205; Sebald and Brines 134 (back to text)

  40 Whitney 371-72; Merle Miller 302-03; Millis Arms and State 264 (back to text)

  41 Whitney 372-73; Sebald and Brines 214-15 (back to text)

  42 NYT 8/12/1950; Wittner 41 (back to text)

  43 Truman II 354; Trumbull Higgins 37; “General Douglas MacArthur, Soldier with Diplomatic Role and Diplomat Heading Armies, Leads U.S. Policy in Orient,” U.S. News and World Report 9/1/1950; “The Last Word,” T 8/14/1950 (back to text)

  44 Acheson 422; Sebald and Brines 123 (back to text)

  45 Rovere and Schlesinger 128; Trumbull Higgins 37-38; NYT 8/6/1950 (back to text)

  46 Whitney 376; Truman II 354; Sebald and Brines 124 (back to text)

  47 Truman II 349-50 (back to text)

  48 “The Last Word,” T 8/14/1950; Sebald and Brines 124 (back to text)

  49 Mayer Japan 79; Trumbull Higgins 38 (back to text)

  50 Wittner 93—94; Truman II 351 (back to text)

  51 Gavin M. Long 205; Mayer Japan 79-80; Wittner 94; Truman II 351-52 (back to text)