Jerusalem: The Biography

  Harold, King, 201

  Haroun al-Rashid, Caliph, 189–90

  Harris, Air Marshal Sir Arthur, 450

  Hasan bin Ali, 180n, 403n

  Hasidic Jews, 22, 64, 100n, 359, 375n, 364, 375n, 399, 479, 486, 487n

  Hatikvah, 425, 474–5

  Hazael, King of Damascus, 32n

  Hazor, 22, 26, 29n

  Hebrew University, 394, 410, 425, 440, 450

  Hebrews, 15–17

  Hebron, 16, 21, 24, 65, 137, 270, 288n, 329, 333, 346, 438, 449, 483

  Heine, Heinrich, xx

  Hejaz, 396, 403, 406, 422

  Helena, Empress, 143, 145–7

  Helena, Queen of Adiabene, 100–1

  Henry VI, Emperor, 263n

  Henry II, King, 235n, 245n, 257

  Henry III, King, 269–70, 422n

  Henry IV, King, 285n

  Henry V, King, 285n

  Henry VIII, King, 146n, 278n, 292, 297

  Henry of Champagne, King of Jerusalem, 260n, 265n

  Henry, King of the Romans, 270n

  Hensmans Hotel, 457

  Heraclius, Emperor, 163–5, 172–3, 179, 184, 189, 227

  Heraclius, Patriarch, 219n, 244, 245n, 246, 249–50, 254, 256

  Hermann of Salza, 270

  Herod the Great, King, 3, 5, 9, 14, 27n, 67n, 71, 74–92, 111, 123, 146n, 185

  his death, 90–2

  and massacre of the innocents, 91

  rebuilding of Jerusalem, 82–7

  Herod Agrippa I, King, 91n, 111–16, 119, 126

  Herod Agrippa II, King, 5–6, 9, 115–16, 119–24, 131–2

  Herod Antipas, Tetrarch, 90, 92–6, 98–100, 104–5, 110–12, 119, 122

  Herod Archelaus, Ethnarch, 91n, 92–3

  Herod Philip, Tetrarch, 93, 96, 111–12

  Herod, King of Chalcis, 115–16

  Herod’s Gate, 208, 211, 468

  Herod’s Palace, 8, 84, 93

  Herod’s Tomb, 92n

  Herodias, 95–6, 98, 111–12

  Herodium fortress, 79n, 92, 136

  Herodotus, 47, 49

  Hershell, Rabbi David, 345

  Herzl, Theodore, 373–82, 475, 503n

  Hess, Moses, 374

  Hess, Rudolf, 411n

  Hethoum II, King of Armenia, 279

  Hezekiah, King, 34–9, 355

  Hezekiah’s Wall, 69n

  Higher Arab Committee, 448

  Hilkiah, 40

  Hill of Evil Counsel, 440

  Hillel, 149

  Himmler, Heinrich, 456, 480

  Hindenburg, Field Marshal Paul von, 439n

  Hindenburg (Allenby’s horse), 419–20

  Hindu Kush, 50

  Hippicus tower, 84, 132

  Hippocrates, 190n

  Hiram, King of Tyre, 26

  Hirsch, Baron Maurice de, 382

  Hitler, Adolf, 65n, 270n, 382n, 400, 423n, 436, 447, 450, 452–5, 459, 461

  meeting with Grand Mufti, 454–5

  rise to power, 439–41

  Hittites, 14–15, 23

  Hoess, Rudolf, 408

  Hoffenstahl, Captain, 389–90

  Holland, 294–5

  Holocaust, 59, 395, 400, 408n, 440n, 455n, 457, 463, 487

  survivors, 463–4

  Yad Vashem memorial, 454n, 483n

  Holy Lance, 152, 162, 209

  Holy of Holies, 3, 6–7, 27, 62, 72–3, 85–7, 112, 125, 129–30, 510

  and Arab conquest, 175–6, 179

  Holy Sepulchre, see Church of the Holy Sepulchre

  Holy War Army, 448–9, 470

  Homer, 45

  Homs, 405

  Hood, Lord, 322

  Horn, Father Eleazar, 309–10

  Horns of Hattin, 246, 248

  Hoshayahu, 42n

  House of Wisdom, 190, 196

  Hugh, Count of Jaffa, 222

  Hungary, 342

  hunting, 233

  Hurcombe, Sergeant Fred, 418

  Hurva Synagogue, 308n, 330, 349, 352n, 480, 511

  Hussars of Israel, 343n

  Hussein, bin Ali (grandson of the Prophet), 180

  Hussein, King of Hejaz (Sherif Hussein), 402–3, 405–6, 415, 432

  his tomb, 479, 484

  Hussein, King of Jordan, 477, 484–5, 488–90, 505, 507–8, 515

  and Six Day War, 490–6

  Hussein, Saddam, 251, 485

  Husseini family, 308–9, 329, 360–2, 364, 394, 423, 429, 434, 439, 483, 489, 491

  Abd al-Kadir al-Husseini, 449, 452, 468–71, 505n

  Adnan al-Husseini, 519n

  Faisal al-Husseini, 470, 506–7, 518n

  Hussein Effendi al-Husseini, 385, 391, 399, 401, 417–18, 420

  Ismail al-Husseini, 385

  Jamal al-Husseini, 453

  Kamal al-Husseini, Grand Mufti Muhammad ibn Mustafa al-Husseini, 307–8

  Musa al-Husseini, 481–2

  Musa Kazem al-Husseini, 424, 430, 433, 445, 449

  Rabah Effendi al-Husseini, 364–5

  Rafiq al-Husseini, 518n

  Said al-Husseini, 468

  Umar al-Husseini, 362

  Uthman al-Husseini, 385

  al-Husseini, Grand Mufti Haj Amin, 418, 429–31, 435–9, 441, 443, 445–55, 468–9

  and Arab revolt, 448–54

  meeting with Hitler, 454–5

  political decline, 478, 481, 484–5

  Huxley, Aldous, xix

  Hyrcanus the Tobiad, 56–7, 61n

  Hyrcanus II, 70–2, 74–6, 79, 81

  Ibn al-Arabi, 203, 213n

  Ibn al-Qaysarani, 233

  Ibn Asakir, 183

  Ibn Battutah, 281

  Ibn Ishaq, 172n

  Ibn Khaldun, xviii, xxv, 179n, 186, 283–4

  Ibn Killis, Grand Vizier, 193–4, 200n

  Ibn Shaddad, Baha al-Din, 251n, 252, 261–4

  Ibn Taymiyya, 281

  Ibn Tulun, Ahmed, 190–1

  Ibn Unain, 253

  Ibn Wasil, 265, 270

  Ibrahim Pasha ‘the Red’, 326–30, 333–4

  Idumeans, 71, 125

  al-Ikhshid, Muhammad Ibn Tughi, 191

  Ikhshid tombs, 193n

  Il-Ghazi, 203, 219–20

  Imad al-Din, 247, 251n, 254, 258

  Imperial Hotel, 444, 518

  Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society, 368, 386n

  India, 50n, 304, 311, 403

  Indus, river, 54, 57n

  Industrial Revolution, 331

  Intifadas, 503–4, 507

  Iran, 73, 180n, 181, 186–7, 454

  Jewish community, 34n, 48n

  Iraq, 30, 36, 64, 73, 101, 134, 150, 180n, 186, 218, 234, 236, 382n, 404

  and Arab conquest, 172, 178, 180–1

  and Arab Revolt, 403, 405

  and division of Middle East, 432, 446, 454, 467–8

  and Grand Mufti’s revolt, 448, 454

  and Islamic sultanate, 243, 251, 253, 262

  and Israeli wars, 477, 494

  Jewish community, 34n, 48n, 133, 486

  and Persian conquest, 161, 163

  Iraq War, 209, 406

  Ireland, 409

  Ireneos, Patriarch, 520–1

  Irgun Zvai Leumi, 439, 450, 453, 457–60, 464–7, 470, 472, 475, 479, 503n

  Isaac, son of Abraham, 16, 27n, 39n, 86

  Isaac Angelus, 263

  Isabella, Queen of Castile, 293–4

  Isabella, Queen of Jerusalem, 256n, 265n

  Isaiah, prophet, 33–5, 38, 95, 97, 100–1

  Isfahan, 283

  Ishbosheth, 21

  Islam, 10, 483

  early, 170–1, 174, 176, 178, 180–1, 184

  and offers of conversion, 248–9

  Ismail, Imam, 194

  Ismail, Shah, 288

  Israel

  and Assyrian conquest, 31–4

  coinage, 124, 136

  and dysfunctional democracy, 511n

  founding of modern state, xxiv, 326, 475–6

  and the Maccabees, 65n

  revolt
against Romans, 123–4, 136

  and Six Day War, 492–8

  and Suez crisis, 490

  union and split with Judah, 21–2, 25, 30–1

  war of independence, 458n, 476–82

  Israel Defence Forces, 452, 491

  Israelites, xviii, 15–20, 25–9

  Lost Tribes, 34, 297n, 322, 337–8

  Israelovsky Regiment, 311n

  Israfil, Archangel of Death, 185n

  Israiliyyat, 176

  Istanbul, 293, 295–6, 302–3, 306, 311, 315n, 327, 330, 333–5, 342–3, 356, 360–1, 370, 377, 389, 393–4, 400, 402, 405n, 416n, 454n

  Italy, 71, 73, 143, 269, 270n, 295

  Italian Jews, 454

  Iturea, 69

  Ivan the Terrible, 146n

  ivory, 28

  Izzat Bey, 417

  Jabiya, 174

  Jabotinsky, Vladimir, 421, 423, 428–31, 437–9, 458–9, 499

  Jacob (Israel), 16

  Jacob Baradeus, 157n

  Jacobs, Julius, 426n

  Jacobson, Eddie, 461, 473

  Jaffa, 268, 271, 310, 329, 339, 355–6, 363, 394, 418, 448, 450

  and Crusades, 209–10, 215–16, 219, 249, 258, 262

  and Jerusalem railway, 348–9

  and Napoleonic invasion, 312, 316–18

  and Parker fiasco, 391–2

  see also Joppa

  Jaffa Gate, 104, 208, 268, 288, 292n, 319, 343, 347, 349, 356, 363–4, 377, 384, 397, 400, 418–21, 424, 441, 444, 451–3, 469, 473, 479, 519

  Jaffa Road, 356, 363, 384, 417–18

  St James, 115, 119n

  St James the Just (James, brother of Jesus), 107, 109–10, 115, 117–19, 124, 144

  St James’s Cathedral, 233n, 285, 318n

  St Jameses Cathedral, 119n, 162, 277

  James I, King, 300

  James, King of Aragon, 279

  James, brother of Jesus, see St James the Just

  Jameson Raid, 389n

  Jamra, 188

  Jaqmaq, Sultan, 286, 287n

  al-Jarallah, Sheikh Husam, 481 see Jarallah

  Jason, 61

  Jawhariyyeh, Wasif, xxv, 384–5, 388, 390, 395, 397–401, 417, 419–20, 429, 435, 444–5, 449, 453, 456–7, 471–4

  Jawhar al-Siqili, 193

  Jazzar Pasha, Ahmet, 315–18

  Jebusites, 15, 18, 21–2

  Jefferson, Thomas, President, 336

  Jeharah, King of Judah, 31

  Jehoash, King, 32–3

  Jehoiakim, King, 41, 45

  Jehoshaphat Gate, 240

  Jehovah’s Witnesses, 337n

  Jehu, King, 32

  Jem Sultan, Crown Prince, 288

  Jemal Pasha, 395–8, 400, 403, 407–8, 414, 416, 419, 489

  Jeremiah, prophet, 41–3, 44n, 100n, 101, 301

  Jericho, 13–14, 17n, 43, 71, 79–80, 84n, 90–1, 125, 163, 210, 276, 363, 465, 479

  Jeroboam, 29–30

  St Jerome, 151–4, 160

  Jerusalem

  Albanian conquest, 326–30

  American obsession with, 329n, 336–9

  Arab conquest, 173–7, 181–6

  and archaeology, 354–6, 390

  and Assyrian threat, 36–8

  Babylonian destruction, 1, 9, 42–4

  British conquest, 416–26

  British withdrawal, 465–71

  Byzantine city, 159–60

  canine pogrom, 307–8

  Christian pilgrims, 200–1, 226–7, 284–5, 327–8

  Crusader city, 225–32, 235–6

  Crusader conquest, 203–20

  David’s conquest, 21–23

  divided city, 481–9

  earthquakes, 149–50, 155, 187, 200

  evangelists and visitors, 331–58

  Fatimid conquest, 193–5

  and Grand Mufti’s revolt, 448–54

  Hadrian’s city, 135n

  as heavenly city, 10, 33–4, 117, 133, 140, 197

  Hellenization, 59–62

  Herod’s rebuilding, 82–7

  Hezekiah’s city, 35

  Islamic city, 264–5

  Islamic conquest, 249–50, 253–4

  and Israeli rule, 503–23

  Kaiser’s visit, 377–80

  and life of Jesus, 98–106

  Mamluk conquest, 271–2, 276–88

  modern life, 515–20

  modernist city, 440–5

  and Mongol raids, 272, 275, 277–8

  multiplicity of names, 176n, 521–2

  nineteenth-century city, 359–66

  Ottoman conquest, 291–3

  Persian conquest, 161–4

  Persian rebuilding, 49–51

  riots, 429–30, 436–8, 506–7, 509–10

  Roman destruction, 1–10

  Roman restoration, 145–6, 149–50

  Roman suppression, 134–9

  and Russian pilgrims, 353, 369, 385–7, 392, 405n

  security wall, 509, 512

  situation and name, 13–14

  and Six Day War, 492–5

  Tartar conquest, 271–2

  theocracy and power struggle, 58–9

  and Three Pashas, 394–401

  and Turkoman conquest, 202–3

  Jerusalem Academy, 191n, 195

  Jerusalem Brigade, 470, 497

  Jerusalem Chapels, 285

  Jerusalem Chess Club, 424

  Jerusalem Emergency Committee, 474

  Jerusalem Families, xxiv, 177, 316, 329, 351, 370, 384, 398–9, 420, 442, 472, 474, 508n, 518, 521

  ascendancy of, 308–9, 360–1, 364, 385, 434–5

  and Israeli war, 481, 483–4, 488

  and land sales, 394, 437

  Jerusalem Syndrome, xxi, 341–2, 437–8, 499, 501–2

  Jesse, of Bethlehem, 19

  Jesus, prophet, 120–1

  Jesus Christ, 4, 10, 34, 48n, 87, 90, 135, 148n, 150, 165n, 427, 461

  his circumcision, 222

  and early Christians, 117–19, 122, 133–4, 136

  and Gnostics, 140n

  and icons, 229

  and Islam, 170, 185, 519

  his life, 91, 93–4, 96–110

  and Manichaeanism, 144n

  relics of, 146–7, 152, 162, 229

  his tomb, 146–7, 165n, 271, 300, 320

  and William Blake, 321n

  Jewish Agency, 445, 457, 461–5, 475, 481, 503n

  Jewish Auxiliaries, 452